The Mediating Effects of Public Opinion on

Richard E. Chard is a Senior Research Associate at the Association of American Medical Colleges.

Acknowledgments

x

Chapter 1. Health Policy Change

1

(10)

Why Has Health Care Dominated the Policy Agenda?

1

(3)

Explanations from Social Science

4

(3)

Overview

7

(4)

Chapter 2. Exploring the Foundations of Dynamic Policy Change

11

(18)

Path Dependence

11

(3)

The Importance of Public Opinion in Shaping Health Care Policy

14

(2)

American Health Care Policy

16

(4)

The Dynamic Nature of Health Care Reform?

20

(6)

Incrementalism versus Dynamism in Health Care

26

(3)

Chapter 3. Path Dependence and Policy Change

29

(18)

Introduction

29

(4)

Social Constructions and Medicare

33

(1)

How the Elderly Lost and Regained Their Health Insurance

33

(2)

Analyzing Change

35

(9)

Does the Mood Really Matter?

44

(2)

Conclusion

46

(1)

Chapter 4. Presidents as Advocates, Entrepreneurs, and Agenda Setters

47

(28)

Introduction

47

(2)

Presidents as Advocates and Entrepreneurs

49

(1)

Policy Change Research

50

(2)

The Presidents and Their Policies

52

(9)

Data and Methods

61

(5)

Results

66

(3)

Discussion

69

(3)

Conclusion

72

(3)

Chapter 5. Healthy, Wealthy, and Wise?

75

(18)

Introduction

75

(2)

Theories of Information

77

(4)

The Failure of the Health Security Act

81

(2)

Information and Policy Support

83

(1)

Measuring and Testing Knowledge

84

(1)

A Model of Reciprocal Causation

85

(4)

Results

89

(1)

Conclusion

90

(3)

Chapter 6. Examining the Impact of Countervalent Messages on Policy Support

93

(16)

Introduction

93

(1)

Media Effects: Negative Advertsing and "Harry and Louise"

94

(3)

The Media and the Health Security Act

97

(2)

Study One: Testing the Strength of the Countervalent Information Message

99

(2)

Study Two: Understanding the Effects of Political Sophistication

101

(3)

Discussion

104

(3)

Conclusion

107

(2)

Chapter 7. Media Effects and Policy Opinions

109

(16)

Introduction

109

(1)

Media Priming

110

(3)

Media Coverage and Information about the Health Security Act

113

(1)

Study One: Data and Methods

114

(1)

Study One: A Model of Priming Effects on 1996 Presidential Vote Intentions

115

(1)

Study One: Results and Discussion

116

(1)

Study Two: An Experimental Test of Media Priming of Health Care in the 2000 Presidential Race

117

(1)

Study Two: Data and Methods

118

(1)

A Model of Priming Effects on Candidate Evaluations

118

(2)

Study Two: Results and Discussion

120

(2)

Conclusions

122

(3)

Chapter 8. Dynamic Health Policy Change

125

(10)

Introduction

125

(4)

The Public Mood and National Health Care Spending

129

(1)

Health Policy History and Presidential Activity

130

(1)

The Rise and the Demise of the Health Security Act

131

(2)

Conclusion

133

(2)

Methodological Appendix

135

(20)

Notes

155

(4)

References

159

(16)

Index

175

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