Mediterranean Society

Goitein's masterful study of the Mediterranean Arabic-speaking Jewish communities of the high Middle Ages (tenth through thirteenth centuries) as reflected in the documents preserved in the famous Cairo Geniza.

Abbreviations and Symbols

xv

Map of Medieval Egypt

xviii

Communal Organization and Institutions

Introduction: The Functioning of a Medieval Democracy

1

(4)

Ecumenical and Territorial Authorities

5

(35)

The Gaon, or Head of the Academy, and the ``Head of the Diaspora''

5

(18)

The Territorial Heads of the Jewish Community. The Nagid

23

(17)

The Local Community

40

(51)

Its Composition and Organization

40

(28)

Name and general character

Large, medium-sized, and small communities

Congregation v. Community

Plenary assembly and representative bodies

Age groups, social classes, and factions

Statutes and economic measures

The Officials of the Community

68

(23)

The muqaddam, or appointed executive

The Head of the Congregations(s)

The social service officers and the ``Trustees of the Court''

The synagogue beadle and messenger of the court

Other officials

Public service and the Principle of heredity

The Social Services

91

(52)

Their General Charcter and Organization

91

(12)

Sources of Revenue and Types of Relief

103

(9)

Charitable Foundatios (Houses and Other Communal Property)

112

(9)

The Beneficiaries of the Community Chest

121

(1)

The officials

121

(5)

The needy

126

(12)

Free bread

Distributions of wheat

Clothing

Lodging

Poll tax

Medical care

Education

Cash

Burial expenses

Aid to travelers

Ransoming of captives

Epilogue: An Appraisal of the Social Services

138

(5)

Worship

143

(28)

The House of Worship

143

(1)

Its Architecture

143

(6)

The Furnishings of the Synagogue

149

(3)

The Synagogue Compound

152

(3)

Life in the Synagogue

155

(16)

Education and the Professional Class

171

(102)

Preliminary Considerations

171

(2)

Elementary Stage

173

(10)

Education of Girls, Women Teachers

183

(2)

Organization of Elementary Education. Economic and Social Position of Teachers

185

(6)

Vocational Training

191

(1)

Adult Education

192

(3)

Higher Studies: Organization

195

(10)

Higher Studies: Syllabus and Methods

205

(6)

Scholars, Judges, Preachers

211

(8)

Cantors and Other Religious Functionaries

219

(9)

Scribes and Copyists

228

(12)

Medical Profession

240

(21)

Druggists, Pharmacists, Perfumers, Preparers of Potions

261

(12)

Interfaith Relations, Communal Autonomy, and Government Control

273

(344)

Interfaith Relations

273

(38)

Group Consciousness and Discrimination

273

(16)

Interfaith Symbiosis and Cooperation

289

(10)

Converts and Proselytes

299

(12)

Communal Jurisdiction

311

(34)

The Judiciary

311

(16)

The Law

327

(7)

Procedures

334

(11)

The State

345

(50)

The Government and Its Servants

345

(1)

Rulers and Their Entourages

345

(9)

Government Officials and Agents. Taxfarmers

354

(9)

Judiciary and Police

363

(11)

Mon-Muslim Government Officials

374

(6)

The Poll Tax and Other Impositions

380

(15)

Communal Autonomy and Government Control

395

(16)

The Interplay of Laws

395

(7)

How Much Autonomy?

402

(9)

APPENDIXES

Author's Note

411

(108)

A. Documents Regarding Charitable Foundations (Mainly Houses)

413

(25)

B. Documents Listing the Beneficiaries of the Community Chest

438

(33)

C. Documents of Appeal and Lists of Contributors

471

(40)

d. Jewish Judges in Old (and New) Cairo, 965-1265

511

(8)

NOTES

Chapter V

519

(36)

Chapter VI

555

(31)

Chapter VII

586

(31)

General Index

617

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Mediterranean Society

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