Merleau-Ponty

Maurice Merleau-Ponty was the first French thinker to identify phenomenology with philosophy. He is known and celebrated as a renowned phenomenologist and was identified as a key figure in the existential movement. In his wide-ranging and penetrative study, Stephen Priest engages Merleau-Ponty across the full range of his thought. He considers Merleau-Ponty's writings on the problems of the body, perception, space, time, subjectivity. freedom, language, other minds, physical objects, art and being. Priest uses clear and direct language to explain the thoughts and the ensuing importance of one of the greatest contemporary thinkers. Philosophy students and scholars alike will find great pleasure in this fascinating exploration of the writings and ideas of Maurice Merleau-Ponty.

Preface

viii

(2)

Abbreviations

x

I LIFE AND WORKS

1

(12)

1 Student and intellectual

1

(1)

2 The Structure of Behaviour

2

(3)

3 The Phenomenology of Perception

5

(3)

4 Professor and man of letters

8

(1)

5 The Visible and the Invisible

9

(4)

II PHENOMENOLOGY

13

(23)

1 Existence and essence

13

(5)

2 The natural attitude and its suspension

18

(4)

3 Being-in-the-world

22

(4)

4 The critique of science

26

(2)

5 Phenomenological reflection

28

(8)

III EXISTENTIALISM

36

(20)

1 Hegel's existentialism

37

(2)

2 Being and knowing

39

(3)

3 Being-towards-death

42

(4)

4 Merleau-Ponty and Sartre

46

(5)

5 The synthesis of being and nothingness

51

(5)

IV THE BODY

56

(24)

1 The body-subject

56

(1)

2 Being my body

57

(9)

3 Merleau-Ponty and the mind-body problem

66

(6)

4 The flesh of the world

72

(3)

5 Who looks into the mirror?

75

(5)

V PERCEPTION

80

(21)

1 Perceiving wholes

80

(3)

2 Objectivity and points of view

83

(7)

3 Rationalism and empiricism

90

(2)

4 Sexuality and being-in-the-world

92

(6)

5 The possibility of intentionality

98

(3)

VI SPACE

101

(18)

1 The phenomenology of space

101

(4)

2 Subjective and objective space

105

(1)

3 Physical points of view

106

(7)

4 Spaces

113

(2)

5 Schneider's problems

115

(4)

VII TIME

119

(19)

1 The phenomenology of time

119

(3)

2 Temporality

122

(9)

3 The supplement of time

131

(3)

4 The transcendence of time

134

(1)

5 Time constitutes itself

135

(3)

VIII SUBJECTIVITY

138

(12)

1 The cogito

138

(4)

2 Self-consciousness

142

(2)

3 The subject of consciousness

144

(1)

4 Immediacy

145

(3)

5 The trace

148

(2)

IX FREEDOM

150

(16)

1 Freedom and necessity

150

(4)

2 Self-determination

154

(5)

3 Compatibilism

159

(1)

4 The refutation of determinism

160

(3)

5 The dialectic of freedom

163

(3)

X LANGUAGE

166

(13)

1 The refutation of linguistic rationalism and empiricism

166

(3)

2 Thought and language

169

(1)

3 Expression

170

(2)

4 The phenomenology of language

172

(3)

5 Language and philosophy

175

(1)

6 Ineffability

176

(3)

XI OTHER MINDS

179

(17)

1 Self and other

179

(2)

2 The deferral of self-presence

181

(4)

3 The trace and the presentation of absence

185

(6)

4 The refutation of solipsism

191

(3)

5 I and other

194

(2)

XII THINGS

196

(8)

1 The essence of a physical object

196

(2)

2 Perspectival perception

198

(3)

3 Physical subjects and physical objects

201

(3)

XIII ART

204

(10)

1 Is painting a language?

204

(2)

2 Art and science

206

(1)

3 Painting and the body

207

(7)

XIV BEING

214

(10)

1 The meaning of being

214

(3)

2 The invisible

217

(7)

XV PAROUSIA Existential Phenomenology and the Return of Metaphysics

224

(15)

1 Subjectivity and the limits of science

226

(4)

2 Inside the soul

230

(4)

3 Spiritual space

234

(1)

4 Metaphysical time

235

(2)

5 What is it to be?

237

(2)

Notes

239

(29)

Bibliography

268

(37)

Index

305

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