Metal Ions in Biological Systems: Volume 36: Interrelations Between Free Radicals and Metal Ions in Life Processes

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ISBN: 9780824719562 | 0824719565
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 3/10/1999

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Continues the tradition of excellence established in previous volumes in this acclaimed series. Volume 36 focuses on the vibrant research area concerning the interrelation between free radicals & metal ions & their resulting effects on life processes; it offers an authoritative & timely account of this fascinating area of research in 21 chapters.

Preface to the Series

iii

Preface to Volume 36

Contributors

xvii

Contents of Previous Volumes

xxiii

Handbook on Toxicity of Inorganic Compounds

xlvi

Handbook on Metalsin Clinical and Analytical Chemistry

xlvii

The Mechanism of ``Fenton-Like'' Reactions and Their Importance for Biological Systems. A Biologist's View

(40)

Stefan I. Liochev

Introduction

(1)

The Fenton Reaction and Fenton-Like Reactions

(8)

Significance of the Fenton-Like Reactions in vivo

(18)

Conclusions

(12)

Acknowledgments

(1)

Abbreviations

(1)

References

(10)

Reactions of Aliphatic Carbon-Centered and Aliphatic-Peroxyl Radicals with Transition-Metal Complexes as a Plausible Source for Biological Damage Induced by Radical Processes

(38)

Dan Meyerstein

Introduction

Sources of Radicals in Biological Systems

(24)

Redox Properties of Alkyl and Alkyl-Peroxyl Radicals

(1)

The Role of Transition Metal Complexes in Radical-Induced Biological Deleterious Processes

(2)

The ``Site-Specific'' Mechanism

(2)

Reactions of Aliphatic Carbon-Centered Radicals with Transition Metal Complexes in Aqueous Solutions

(3)

Mechanisms of Decomposition of the Transient Complexes, LmMn+1-R

(6)

Reactions of Alkyl-Peroxyl Radicals with Transition Metal Complexes in Aqueous Solution

(1)

Mechanisms of Decomposition of the Transient Complexes, LmMn+1-OOR

(3)

Concluding Remarks

(13)

Acknowledgments

(1)

References

(12)

Free Radicals as a Result of Dioxygen Metabolism

(24)

Bruce P. Branchaud

Introduction

(2)

Redox Chemistry, Acid-Base Chemistry and Bond Energies of Dioxygen and Reactive Oxygen Species

(3)

Major Radical Reactions of Dioxygen and Reactive Oxygen Species

(8)

Lipid Peroxidation, an Especially Facile and Major Type of Radical Chain Autoxidation

(3)

Lipid Hydroperoxides as a Major Source of Radicals

(1)

Production of Reactive Oxygen Species by Respiratory Burst of Phagocytes

(1)

Conclusions

(5)

Acknowledgments

(1)

Abbreviations

(1)

References

(4)

Free Radicals as a Source of Uncommon Oxidation States of Transition Metals

103

(22)

George V. Buxton

Quinto G. Mulazzani

Introduction

104

(1)

Properties of Free Radicals

105

(1)

Generation of Free Radicals

106

(3)

Measurement of Reaction Rates

109

(1)

Interaction of Free Radicals with Simple Transition Metal Ions

110

(1)

Interaction of Free Radicals with Complexed Transition Metal Ions

111

(9)

Conclusions

120

(5)

Abbreviations

121

(1)

References

121

(4)

Biological Chemistry of Copper-Zinc Superoxide Dismutase and Its Link to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

125

(54)

Thomas J. Lyons

Edith Butler Gralla

Joan Selverstone Valentine

Introduction

126

(3)

Biophysical Properties of Wild-Type Superoxide Dismutase

129

(9)

Enzymatic Activity

138

(3)

Evidence Concerning Biological Function

141

(12)

Role of Mutant Human CuZn Superoxide Dismutase in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

153

(26)

Acknowledgments

159

(1)

Abbreviations

159

(1)

References

160

(19)

DNA Damage Mediated by Metal Ions with Special Referencee to Copper and Iron

179

(32)

Jose-Luis Sagripanti

Introduction

180

(1)

Binding of Metal Ions to DNA

181

(7)

DNA Lesions

188

(8)

Biological Implications of Metal-DNA Damage

196

(5)

Conclusion

201

(10)

Abbreviations

202

(1)

References

203

(8)

Radical Migration Through the DNA Helix: Chemistry at a Distance

211

(40)

Shana O. Kelley

Jacqueline K. Barton

Introduction

212

(1)

Charge Transport in DNA: Chemical and Biological History

213

(6)

DNA as a Bridge for Long-Range Charge Transport

219

(17)

DNA as a Reactant in Long-Range Charge Transfer Reactions

236

(8)

Conclusions

244

(7)

Acknowledgments

246

(1)

Abbreviations

246

(1)

References

246

(5)

Involvement of Metal Ions in Lipid Peroxidation: Biological Implications

251

(38)

Odile Sergent

Isabelle Morel

Josiane Cillard

Introduction

252

(1)

Outline of the Mechanism of Lipid Peroxidation

253

(2)

Involvement of Metal Ions in Various Stages of the Lipid Peroxidation Process

255

(7)

Biological Examinations of the Effect of Metal Ions on Lipid Peroxidation

262

(5)

Considerations on Tissue Damage

267

(9)

Conclusions

276

(13)

Acknowledgments

276

(1)

Abbreviations

277

(1)

References

277

(12)

Formation of Methemoglobin and Free Radicals in Erythrocytes

289

(20)

Hans Nohl

Klaus Stolze

Introduction

290

(3)

ESR Detection of Free Radical Intermediates

293

(3)

Chemiluminescence Detection of the Ferryl Hemoglobin Protein Radical

296

(3)

Spin Labeling of the Erythrocyte Membrane

299

(1)

Iron Liberation

300

(1)

Reactions Involving Thiol Groups (R-SH)

300

(1)

Electrophoresis of Membranes with SDS-PAGE

301

(2)

Conclusion

303

(6)

Acknowledgments

305

(1)

Abbreviations

305

(1)

References

306

(3)

Role of Free Radicals and Metal Ions in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease

309

(56)

Craig S. Atwood

Xudong Huang

Robert D. Moir

Rudolph E. Tanzi

Ashley I. Bush

Introduction

311

(1)

Normal Cerebral Transition Metal Ion Homeostasis and Oxidative Metabolism

312

(13)

Altered Cerebral Metal Ion and Oxidative Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease

325

(6)

Cerebral Amyloid Deposition in Neurological Diseases and Aging

331

(2)

Neurochemical Factors that Precipitate Alzheimer Aβ Protein

333

(6)

Sources of Neuronal Free Radicals

339

(3)

Neurochemical Environments Leading to Amyloid Deposition and Neuronal Death in Alzheimer's Disease

342

(1)

Conclusions

343

(22)

Acknowledgments

344

(1)

Abbreviations

344

(1)

References

345

(20)

Metal Binding and Radical Generation of Proteins in Human Neurological Diseases and Aging

365

(24)

Gerd Multhaup

Colin L. Masters

Introduction: Transition Metal Ions in Biological Systems

366

(2)

Free Radicals and Human Diseases

368

(2)

Superoxide Dismutase in Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Gain of Function

370

(1)

Radical Generation of Amyloid Precursor Protein in Alzheimer's Disease

371

(5)

Involvement of Oxygen Radicals in Aβ Amloid Formation

376

(2)

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants

378

(1)

Conclusions

379

(10)

Acknowledgments

380

(1)

Abbreviations

380

(1)

References

381

(8)

Thiyl Radicals in Biochemically Important Thiols in the Presence of Metal Ions

389

(26)

Hans-Jurgen Hartmann

Christian Sievers

Ulrich Weser

Introduction

390

(1)

Thiyl Radicals

391

(1)

Thiyl Radicals in the Presence of Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, Manganese, Chromium, and Vanadium

392

(5)

Copper(I)-Stabilized Thiyl Radicals

397

(8)

Improved Stablization of Copper(I)-Thiyl Radicals Embedded in Inorganic and Biological Matrices

405

(10)

Acknowledgments

408

(1)

Abbreviations

408

(1)

References

409

(6)

Methylmercury-Induced Generation of Free Radicals: Biological Implications

415

(30)

Theodore A. Sarafian

Introduction: The Toxicity and Pathology of Mercury

416

(1)

Mercury Chemistry

417

(2)

Mercurial-Induced Oxidative Stress in Biological Systems

419

(8)

Protective Mechanisms Against Mercury Toxicity

427

(5)

Biological Implications

432

(1)

Conclusions

433

(12)

Acknowledgments

434

(1)

Abbreviations

435

(1)

References

436

(9)

Role of Free Radicals in Metal-Induced Carcinogenesis

445

(40)

Joseph R. Landolph

Introduction

447

(3)

The Role of Free Radicals in Chromium Carcinogenesis

450

(4)

The Role of Free Radicals in Nickel Carcinogenesis

454

(8)

The Possible Role of Free Radicals in Arsenic Carcinogenesis

462

(4)

Beryllium Pulmonary Fibrosis and Carcinogenesis: Is There a Role for Free Radicals?

466

(2)

Iron and Free Radicals: Is There a Role in Carcinogenesis or Tumor Promotion?

468

(2)

Copper and Free Radicals: Is There a Role in Carcinogenesis?

470

(3)

Conclusions

473

(12)

Acknowledgments

478

(1)

Abbreviations

479

(1)

References

479

(6)

pH-Dependent Organocobalt Sources for Active Radical Species: A New Type of Anticancer Agents

485

(36)

Mark E. Vol'pin

Ilia Ya. Levitin

Sergei P. Osinsky

Introduction: Prerequisites for the Search for Potential Anticancer Drugs Among Organocobalt Complexes

486

(2)

Alkycobalt(III) Chelates with Tridentate Schiff Bases

488

(11)

Biomedical Examinations

499

(14)

Conclusion and Outlook

513

(8)

Acknowledgments

515

(1)

Abbreviations

515

(1)

References

516

(5)

Detection of Chromatin-Associated Hydroxyl Radicals Generated by DNA-Bound Metal Compounds and Antitumor Antibiotics

521

(26)

G. Mike Makrigiorgos

Introduction

522

(1)

Chromatin-Associated Hydroxyl Radicals

523

(2)

Detection of Chromatin-Associated Hydroxyl Radicals

525

(4)

Methods for Attaching SECCA to In Vitro Chromatin Models

529

(3)

Metal Compounds and Antitumor Antibiotics that Generate Chromatin-Associated HO

532

(8)

Conclusions

540

(7)

Acknowledgments

541

(1)

Abbreviations

541

(1)

References

541

(6)

Nitric Oxide (NO): Formation and Biological Roles in Mammalian Systems

547

(50)

Jon M. Fukuto

David A. Wink

Introduction

548

(1)

Biologically Relevant Chemistry of Nitric Oxide

549

(11)

Nitric Oxide Biosynthesis

560

(8)

Physiology and Pathophysiology of Nitric Oxide: A Chemical Perspective

568

(13)

Conclusions

581

(16)

Abbreviations

582

(1)

References

583

(14)

Chemistry of Peroxynitrite and its Relevance to Biological Systems

597

(24)

Willem H. Koppenol

Introduction and Brief Historical Overview

598

(1)

Is Peroxynitrite Formed in vivo?

599

(1)

Syntheses

600

(1)

Properties, Isomerization, and Decomposition

601

(4)

Reactions that Are First Order in Peroxynitrous Acid

605

(3)

Biomolecular Reactions

608

(2)

Superoxide Dismutase and Peroxynitrite

610

(2)

Peroxynitrite or Hydroxyl Radical?

612

(9)

Note Added in Proof

612

(1)

Acknowledgments

613

(1)

References

613

(8)

Novel Nitric Oxide-Liberating Heme Proteins from the Saliva of Bloodsucking Insects

621

(44)

F. Ann Walker

Jose M. C. Ribeiro

William R. Montfort

Introduction

622

(3)

Strategies Used by Bloodsucking Insects to Ensure that They Obtain a Sufficient Blood Meal

625

(5)

Properties of Nitric Oxide

630

(4)

Spectroscopy of the Nitrophorins of Rhodnius prolixus in Comparison to Other Heme Proteins

634

(7)

Redox Chemistry of Nitric Oxide-Heme Systems and the Nitrophorins of Rhodnius prolixus

641

(3)

X-Ray Crystallography

644

(5)

Other Metal-Nitric Oxide Complexes of Importance in Inorganic Chemistry and Biochemistry

649

(1)

Summary

650

(15)

Acknowledgments

650

(1)

Abbreviations

650

(2)

References

652

(13)

Nitrogen Monoxide-Related Disease and Nitrogen Monoxide Scavengers as Potential Drugs

665

(58)

Simon P. Fricker

Introduction

666

(3)

Nitric Oxide and Disease

669

(4)

Therapeutic Strategies

673

(5)

Organic Molecules as Nitric Oxide Scavengers

678

(4)

Inorganic Molecules as Scavengers

682

(11)

Ruthenium Complexes

693

(15)

Conclusions

708

(15)

Acknowledgments

709

(1)

Abbreviations

709

(2)

References

711

(12)

Therapeutics of Nitric Oxide Modulation

723

(28)

Ho-Leung Fung

Brian P. Booth

Mohammad Tabrizi-Fard

Introduction

724

(1)

Diversity of Molecular Forms of Nitric Oxide

725

(2)

Interactions Between Nitric Oxide and Calcitonin-Gene Related Peptide (CGRP)

727

(4)

Therapeutics of Nitric Oxide Enhancement

731

(6)

Therapeutics of Nitric Oxide Inhibition

737

(14)

Acknowledgments

743

(1)

Abbreviations

743

(1)

References

744

(7)

Subject Index

751

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Metal Ions in Biological Systems: Volume 36: Interrelations Between Free Radicals and Metal Ions in Life Processes

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Table of Contents

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