Metalloids in Plants Advances and Future Prospects

Understanding metalloids and the potential impact they can have upon crop success or failure

Metalloids have a complex relationship with plant life. Exhibiting a combination of metal and non-metal characteristics, this small group of elements – which includes boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), and tellurium (Te) – may hinder or enhance the growth and survival of crops. The causes underlying the effects that different metalloids may have upon certain plants range from genetic variance to anatomical factors, the complexities of which can pose a challenge to botanists and agriculturalists of all backgrounds.

With Metalloids in Plants, a group of leading plant scientists present a complete guide to the beneficial and adverse impacts of metalloids at morphological, anatomical, biochemical, and molecular levels. Insightful analysis of data on genetic regulation helps to inform the optimization of farming, indicating how one may boost the uptake of beneficial metalloids and reduce the influence of toxic ones. Contained within this essential new text, there are:

• Expert analyses of the role of metalloids in plants, covering their benefits as well as their adverse effects
• Explanations of the physiological, biochemical, and genetic factors at play in plant uptake of metalloids
• Outlines of the breeding and genetic engineering techniques involved in the generation of resistant crops

Written for students and professionals in the fields of agriculture, botany, molecular biology, and biotechnology, Metalloids in Plants is an invaluable overview of the relationship between crops and these unusual elements.

Dr. Rupesh Deshmukh, Rmalingaswami Fellow, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India 

Dr. Durgesh Kumar Tripathi, Assistant Professor, Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

Dr. Gea Guerriero, Senior Research and Technology Associate, Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Luxembourg

List of Contributors ix

1 Metalloids and Their Role in the Biological System 1
Mahipal Singh Kesawat, S.M. Shivaraj, Dong Kyun Kim, Manu Kumar, Bum‐Soo Hahn, and Rupesh Deshmukh

2 Metalloids and Their Impact on the Environment 19
Sutapa Dutta, Arindam Datta, Abbu Zaid, and Javaid Akhter Bhat

3 Phytoremediation of Metalloid‐contaminated Soil 27
Isabel Martinez‐Alcalá and Rafael Clemente

4 Plant Responses to Metalloid Accumulation 47
Bhupinder Dhir

5 The Role of Microbes in Detoxification and Availability of Metalloids 65
Davood Saghafi, Saeed Bagherifam, Mehrnaz Hatami, and Behnam Asgari Lajayer

6 Influence of Metals and Metalloids on Microbial Diversity of Soil and Ecosystem 95
Muhammad Rizwan Shahid, Ume Habiba, Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan, Afzal Hussain, Muhammad Adrees, Syed Ali Raza Naqvi, Asim Mansha, Nasir Rasool, Ameer Fawad, and Asad Ali Shah

7 Influence of Metalloids and Their Toxicity Impact on Photosynthetic Parameters of Plants 113
Abbu Zaid, Javaid Akhter Bhat, and Shabir H. Wani

8 Distribution of Metals and Metalloids in Plants: Tools and Techniques for Efficient Imaging and Quantification 125
Juhi Chaudhary, Javaid Akhter Bhat, Hasthi Ram, Nitika Rana, Praveen Khatri, Ravinder, Gaurav Agarwal, Vanish Kumar, Humira Sonah, and Rupesh Deshmukh

9 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Microbes: Potential Tools for Detoxification and Bioavailability of Metalloids 149
Neera Garg, Amrit Bharti, Amrita Sharma, Kiran Saroy, Amandeep Cheema, and Aditi Bisht

10 Mechanisms of Plant Resistance to Metalloid Ions and Potential Biotechnological Applications 185
Raghavendra Aminedi, Hasthi Ram, Gulshan Kumar, Murali Krishna Koramutla, Naresh Vasupalli, Rupesh Deshmukh, Manisha Negi, and Ramcharan Bhattacharya

11 Molecular Investigation of Metalloid Stress Response in Higher Plants : Recent Insights from Toxicity to Tolerance 213
Simone Landi, Valeria Paradisone, and Sergio Esposito

12 Toxicity of Arsenic and Molecular Mechanism in Plants 231
Rajeev Kumar, Shefali Bhardwaj, and Gurpreet Kaur

13 Omics Approaches and Biotechnological Perspectives of Arsenic Stress and Detoxification in Plants 249
Naresh Vasupalli, Murali Krishna Koramutla, Raghavendra Aminedi, Vajinder Kumar, Priyanka Borah, Manisha Negi, Arif Ali, Humira Sonah, and Rupesh Deshmukh

14 Antimony and Plants: Accumulation, Toxic Effects, and Plants’ Defense Systems 275
Viviana Maresca, Milad Heydari, and Adriana Basile

15 Boron Tolerance in Plants: Physiological Roles and Transport Mechanisms 301
Nader Khadem Moghadam, Behnam Asgari Lajayer, and Mansour Ghorbanpour

16 Silicon Nutrition and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Promising Strategies for Abiotic Stress Management in Crop Plants 315
Neera Garg, Purnima Bhandari, Lakita Kashyap, and Sandeep Singh

17 Roles of Silicon in Alleviating Zinc Stress in Plants 355
Valeria Paradisone, Simone Landi, and Sergio Esposito

18 Linking Secondary Metabolism and Signaling Response to Aluminum and Silicon Stress 367
Roberto Pech‐Kú, Beatriz Rodas‐Junco, José A. Muñoz‐Sánchez, and S.M. Teresa Hernandez‐Sotomayor

19 The Use of Silicon in Stressed Agriculture Management: Action Mechanisms and Future Prospects 381
Hassan Etesami, Byoung Ryong Jeong, and Muhammad Rizwan

20 The Importance of Boron in Plant Nutrition 433
Seyed Ali Ghaffari Nejad and Hassan Etesami

21 Environmental Impact of Metals, Metalloids, and Their Toxicity 451
Isabel Martinez‐Alcalá and Maria Pilar Bernal

Index 489

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