Metamaterials with Negative Parameters

Metamaterials with Negative Parameters represents the only unified treatment of the subject available in one volume. Devoted mainly to metamaterials that can be characterized by a negative effective permittivity and/or permeability, the book includes a wide overview of the most important topics, scientific fundamentals, and technical applications of metamaterials. A list of problems and references is included at the end of each chapter, and a bibliography offers a complete, up-to-daterepresentation of the current state of the art in metamaterials.

Ricardo MarquéS is a Professor in the Departamento de Electrónica y Electromagnetismo at the Universidad de Sevilla in Spain.

Ferran MartÍN is a Professor in the Departament d'Enginyeria Electr?nica at the Universitat Aut?noma de Barcelona in Spain.

MARIO SOROLLA is a Professor in the Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica yElectrónica at the Universidad Pública de Navarra in Spain.

Professors Marqués, Martín, and Sorolla have coauthored more than fifty research works in the field of metamaterials, published in relevant journals and conference proceedings, and have been responsible for various domestic and international projects. They hold several patents related to metamaterial applications.

Preface	p. xiii
Acknowledgments	p. xvii
The Electrodynamics of Left-Handed Media	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Wave Propagation in Left-Handed Media	p. 2
Energy Density and Group Velocity	p. 4
Negative Refraction	p. 6
Fermat Principle	p. 9
Other Effects in Left-Handed Media	p. 9
Inverse Doppler Effect	p. 10
Backward Cerenkov Radiation	p. 10
Negative Goos-Hanchen Shift	p. 12
Waves at Interfaces	p. 13
Transmission and Reflection Coefficients	p. 13
Surface Waves	p. 15
Waves Through Left-Handed Slabs	p. 16
Transmission and Reflection Coefficients	p. 17
Guided Waves	p. 17
Backward Leaky and Complex Waves	p. 19
Slabs with [epsilon]/[epsilon subscript 0] to -1 and [mu]/[mu subscript 0] to -1	p. 20
Phase Compensation and Amplification of Evanescent Modes	p. 20
Perfect Tunneling	p. 21
The Perfect Lens	p. 25
The Perfect Lens as a Tunneling/Matching Device	p. 29
Losses and Dispersion	p. 32
Indefinite Media	p. 34
Problems	p. 35
References	p. 37
Synthesis of Bulk Metamaterials	p. 43
Introduction	p. 43
Scaling Plasmas at Microwave Frequencies	p. 44
Metallic Waveguides and Plates as One- and Two-Dimensional Plasmas	p. 44
Wire Media	p. 47
Spatial Dispersion in Wire Media	p. 49
Synthesis of Negative Magnetic Permeability	p. 51
Analysis of the Edge-Coupled SRR	p. 52
Other SRR Designs	p. 59
The Broadside-Coupled SRR	p. 60
The Nonbianisotropic SRR	p. 62
The Double-Split SRR	p. 62
Spirals	p. 62
Constitutive Relationships for Bulk SRR Metamaterials	p. 65
Higher-Order Resonances in SRRs	p. 70
Isotropic SRRs	p. 73
Scaling Down SRRs to Infrared and Optical Frequencies	p. 75
SRR-Based Left-Handed Metamaterials	p. 80
One-Dimensional SRR-Based Left-Handed Metamaterials	p. 81
Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional SRR-Based Left-Handed Metamaterials	p. 85
On the Application of the Continuous-Medium Approach to Discrete SRR-Based Left-Handed Metamaterials	p. 87
The Superposition Hypothesis	p. 88
On the Numerical Accuracy of the Developed Model for SRR-Based Metamaterials	p. 90
Other Approaches to Bulk Metamaterial Design	p. 91
Ferrite Metamaterials	p. 92
Chiral Metamaterials	p. 97
Other Proposals	p. 102
Appendix	p. 107
Problems	p. 109
References	p. 114
Synthesis of Metamaterials in Planar Technology	p. 119
Introduction	p. 119
The Dual (Backward) Transmission Line Concept	p. 120
Practical Implementation of Backward Transmission Lines	p. 128
Two-Dimensional (2D) Planar Metamaterials	p. 131
Design of Left-Handed Transmission Lines by Means of SRRs: The Resonant Type Approach	p. 135
Effective Negative Permeability Transmission Lines	p. 136
Left-Handed Transmission Lines in Microstrip and CPW Technologies	p. 139
Size Reduction	p. 144
Equivalent Circuit Models for SRRs Coupled to Conventional Transmission Lines	p. 146
Dispersion Diagrams	p. 151
Implications of the Model	p. 151
Duality and Complementary Split Ring Resonators (CSRRs)	p. 155
Electromagnetic Properties of CSRRs	p. 156
Numerical Calculation and Experimental Validation	p. 160
Synthesis of Metamaterial Transmission Lines by Using CSRRs	p. 163
Negative Permittivity and Left-Handed Transmission Lines	p. 163
Equivalent Circuit Models for CSRR-Loaded Transmission Lines	p. 166
Parameter Extraction	p. 170
Effects of Cell Geometry on Frequency Response	p. 172
Comparison between the Circuit Models of Resonant-Type and Dual Left-Handed Lines	p. 175
Problems	p. 180
References	p. 182
Microwave Applications of Metamaterial Concepts	p. 187
Introduction	p. 187
Filters and Diplexers	p. 188
Stopband Filters	p. 189
Planar Filters with Improved Stopband	p. 193
Narrow Bandpass Filter and Diplexer Design	p. 198
Bandpass Filters Based on Alternate Right-/Left-Handed (ARLH) Sections Implemented by Means of SRRs	p. 199
Bandpass Filters and Diplexers Based on Alternate Right-/Left-Handed (ARLH) Sections Implemented by Means of CSRRs	p. 203
CSRR-Based Bandpass Filters with Controllable Characteristics	p. 207
Bandpass Filters Based on the Hybrid Approach: Design Methodology and Illustrative Examples	p. 208
Other CSRR-Based Filters Implemented by Means of Right-Handed Sections	p. 218
Highpass Filters and Ultrawide Bandpass Filters (UWBPFs) Implemented by Means of Resonant-Type Balanced CRLH Metamaterial Transmission Lines	p. 225
Tunable Filters Based on Varactor-Loaded Split Rings Resonators (VLSRRs)	p. 227
Topology of the VLSRR and Equivalent-Circuit Model	p. 228
Validation of the Model	p. 230
Some Illustrative Results: Tunable Notch Filters and Stopband Filters	p. 230
Synthesis of Metamaterial Transmission Lines with Controllable Characteristics and Applications	p. 233
Miniaturization of Microwave Components	p. 234
Compact Broadband Devices	p. 236
Dual-Band Components	p. 244
Coupled-Line Couplers	p. 246
Antenna Applications	p. 252
Problems	p. 258
References	p. 260
Advanced and Related Topics	p. 267
Introduction	p. 267
SRR- and CSRR-Based Admittance Surfaces	p. 268
Babinet Principle for a Single Split Ring Resonator	p. 268
Surface Admittance Approach for SRR Planar Arrays	p. 270
Babinet Principle for CSRR Planar Arrays	p. 272
Behavior at Normal Incidence	p. 273
Behavior at General Incidence	p. 274
Magneto- and Electro-Inductive Waves	p. 278
The Magneto-Inductive Wave Equation	p. 279
Magneto-Inductive Surfaces	p. 282
Electro-Inductive Waves in CSRR Arrays	p. 284
Applications of Magneto- and Electro-Inductive Waves	p. 285
Subdiffraction Imaging Devices	p. 287
Some Universal Features of Subdiffraction Imaging Devices	p. 288
Imaging in the Quasielectrostatic Limit: Role of Surface Plasmons	p. 292
Imaging in the Quasimagnetostatic Limit: Role of Magnetostatic Surface Waves	p. 295
Imaging by Resonant Impedance Surfaces: Magneto-Inductive Lenses	p. 299
Canalization Devices	p. 302
Problems	p. 304
References	p. 305
Index	p. 309
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Metamaterials with Negative Parameters Theory, Design, and Microwave Applications

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