Migraine And Other Headache Disorders

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ISBN: 9780849336959 | 0849336953
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 5/10/2006

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Albert Einstein College of Medicine. NY. Presents current diagnostic and treatment protocols for migraine and other headache conditions. Topics include tools to help assess migraine patients, preventing progression of migraines, algorithm-based approach to assess headache severity, and more. For clinicians.

Preface

iii

Contributors

1. Headache—Classification

(22)

Marcelo E. Bigal and Richard B. Lipton

Introduction

(1)

An Overview of the ICHD-2

(4)

Classification of the Primary Headaches

(9)

Secondary Headaches

(1)

Headache Attributed to Head and/or Neck Trauma

(1)

Headache Attributed to Cranial or Cervical Vascular Disorders

(1)

Headache Attributed to Nonvascular Intracranial Disorders

(1)

Headache Attributed to a Substance or Its Withdrawal

(1)

Headache Attributed to Infection

(1)

Headache Attributed to Disorders of Homeostasis

(1)

Headache or Facial Pain Attributed to Disorders of Cranium, Neck, Eyes, Ears, Nose, Sinuses, Teeth, Mouth, or Other Facial or Cranial Structures

(1)

Headache Attributed to Psychiatric Disorders

(1)

Cranial Neuralgias and Central Causes of Facial Pain

(1)

Controversies in the Classification of Primary Chronic Daily Headaches of Long Duration

(1)

References

(6)

2. The Epidemiology and Impact of Migraine

(14)

Richard B. Lipton and Marcelo E. Bigal

Introduction

(1)

The Epidemiology of Migraine

(8)

The Burden of Migraine

(1)

Probable Migraine An Important Migraine Subtype

(1)

Conclusions

(1)

References

(3)

3. Progressive Headache: Epidemiology, Natural History, and Risk Factors

(8)

Ann I. Scher

Introduction

(1)

Classification

(1)

Chronic Daily Headache Epidemiology and Natural History

(1)

Demographic Factors Associated with Chronic

Daily Headache

(1)

Other Factors Associated with Chronic Daily Headache Prevalence or Incidence

(3)

Conclusion

(1)

References

(3)

4. Comorbidity of Migraine

(16)

Nancy C.P. Loup and Kathleen Ries Merikangas

Introduction

(1)

Methodology of Comorbidity Studies

(1)

Evidence for Migraine Comorbidity

(7)

Conclusion

(1)

References

(7)

5. Pain Sensitivity: Intracranial and Extracranial Structures

(6)

Todd D. Rozen

Anatomy of Head Pain

(4)

References

(2)

6. Pathophysiology of Aura

(14)

M. Sanchez del Rio and U. Renter

Introduction

(1)

Neurophysiological Mechanisms

(5)

Imaging Studies

(1)

Molecular Mechanisms

(2)

Occipital Cortex Excitability

(1)

Genetics

(1)

Conclusions

(1)

References

(4)

7. Pathophysiology of Migraine

(18)

Peter J. Goadsby

Introduction

(1)

Migraine-Explaining the Clinical Features

(1)

Genetics of Migraine

(1)

Familial Hemiplegic Migraine (FHM)

(1)

Migraine Aura

(1)

Headache-Anatomy

(1)

Headache Physiology—Peripheral Connections

(2)

Headache Physiology-Central Connections

(2)

Central Modulation of Trigeminal Pain

(1)

What Is Migraine?

(1)

References

(9)

8. Allodynia and Sensitization in Migraine

(14)

William B. Young, Avi Ashkenazi, and Michael L. Oshinsky

Introduction

(1)

Sensory Processing by the Nervous System

100

(1)

Sensitization of the Dorsal Horn

100

(2)

Rat Model of Migraine Headache and Allodynia

102

(1)

Human Studies of Allodynia in Pain Disorders Other Than Migraine

103

(1)

Human Studies of Allodynia in Migraine

104

(2)

Time Course of Sensitization in Migraine

106

(1)

The Effect of Allodynia on Treatment Outcome

106

(1)

The Effect of Treatment on Allodynia

107

(1)

Allodynia in Headache Disorders Other Than Migraine

107

(1)

Conclusion

108

(1)

References

108

(5)

9. Genetics of Migraine and Other Primary Headaches

113

(18)

Gisela M. Terwindt, Esther E. Kors, Joost Haan, Kaate R.J. Vanmolkot, Rune R. Frants, Arn M.J.M. van den Maagdenberg, and Michel D. Ferrari

Introduction-Genetic Studies on Headache

113

(1)

The Clinical Spectrum of the CACNA1A Gene Mutations

114

(4)

The Clinical Spectrum of the ATP1A2 Gene

118

(2)

Sporadic Hemiplegic Migraine

120

(1)

Genetic Susceptibility in Migraine

120

(3)

Cluster Headache

123

(1)

Tension-Type Headache

123

(1)

Concluding Remarks

123

(1)

References

124

(7)

10. Identification or Exclusion of Secondary Headaches

131

(14)

Randolph W. Evans and R. Allan Purdy

Introduction

131

(1)

General Indications for Neuroimaging for Headaches

132

(1)

Neuroimaging for Headaches with a Normal Neurological Examination

132

(1)

Neuroimaging for Migraine

133

(2)

Evaluation of the Acute Severe New-Onset Headache ("First or Worst Headaches")

135

(3)

Headaches Over the Age of 50 Years

138

(2)

New Daily Headaches

140

(1)

References

141

(4)

11. Differential Diagnosis of Primary Headaches: An Algorithm-Based Approach

145

(10)

Richard B. Lipton and Marcelo E. Bigal

Introduction

145

(1)

Approaching a Patient with Headache

145

(7)

Conclusions

152

(1)

References

152

(3)

12. Diagnostic and Severity Tools for Migraine

155

(18)

Marcelo E. Bigal and Richard B. Lipton

Introduction

155

(1)

Screening for Migraine

156

(3)

Assessing Migraine-Related Disability

159

(4)

Assessing Psychological Comorbidity

163

(1)

Assessing Ongoing Treatment

163

(2)

Conclusion

165

(1)

References

165

(2)

Appendix: The PRIME-MD Questionnaire

167

(6)

13. Migraine Without Aura

173

(16)

Fred Sheltell and Roger Cady

Introduction-Migraine Without Aura: An Underdiagnosed and Undertreated Disorder

173

(1)

The ICHD-2 Criteria for Migraine Without Aura

174

(3)

Migraine in Clinical Practice

177

(4)

The Convergence Hypothesis

181

(1)

Menstrually Related Migraine

182

(1)

Conclusion

183

(1)

Illustrative Case History

184

(1)

References

184

(5)

14. Migraine with Aura

189

(14)

Malene Kirchmann Eriksen and Jes Olesen

Introduction

189

(1)

Classification

189

(3)

Migraine with Typical Aura

192

(5)

Familial and Sporadic Hemiplegic Migraine

197

(1)

Basilar-Type Migraine

198

(1)

Differential Diagnoses

199

(1)

References

199

(4)

15. Childhood Periodic Syndromes

203

(10)

Vincenzo Guidetti, Federica Galli, Azzurra Alesini, and Federico Dazzi

Introduction

203

(1)

Cyclical Vomiting

204

(2)

RAP and Abdominal Migraine

206

(1)

BPV of Childhood

207

(1)

Benign Paroxysmal Torticollis

208

(1)

Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood

209

(1)

Conclusion

209

(1)

References

210

(3)

16. Retinal, or "Monocular," Migraine

213

(10)

Brian M. Grosberg and Seymour Solomon

Introduction

213

(1)

Diagnostic Criteria

213

(2)

Clinical Features

215

(2)

Epidemiology and Prognosis

217

(1)

Pathophysiology

218

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

218

(1)

Management

219

(1)

References

220

(3)

17. Status Migrainosus, Persistent Aura, Migraine-Associated Seizures ("Migralepsy"), and Migrainous Infarction

223

(18)

Jessica Crowder, Curtis Delplanche, and John F. Rothrock

Introduction

223

(1)

Status Migrainosus

223

(4)

Prolonged Aura

227

(1)

Migralepsy

228

(4)

Migraine and Stroke

232

(4)

References

236

(5)

18. Principles of Headache Management

241

(20)

Marc S. Husid and Alan M. Rapoport

Introduction

241

(1)

Establishing the Diagnosis

242

(10)

Assessing Disability

252

(1)

Educating Patients

252

(2)

Establishing Realistic Expectations

254

(1)

Encouraging Patients to Become Active in Their Own Care

254

(1)

Headache Calendars

255

(1)

Developing an Appropriate, Individualized Treatment Plan

256

(1)

Why Headache Treatment Fails

256

(1)

Conclusion

257

(1)

References

258

(1)

Further Reading (Patient Education Resources)

258

(2)

Appendix 1

260

(1)

19. Behavioral and Educational Approaches to the Management of Migraine: Clinical and Public Health Applications

261

(12)

Kenneth A. Holroyd

Introduction

261

(1)

Behavioral Interventions

261

(2)

Treatment Delivery

263

(1)

Efficacy

264

(1)

Integrating Drug and Behavioral Treatments

265

(1)

Education for Self-Management

266

(1)

Community Applications

267

(3)

Conclusion

270

(1)

References

270

(3)

20. Nonspecific Migraine Acute Treatment

273

(16)

Abouch Kryinchantowski and Stewart J. Tepper

Introduction

273

(1)

Simple Analgesics

274

(3)

Medications for the Treatment of Nausea

277

(1)

Combinations of NSAIDs and Triptans

278

(1)

Neuroleptics in the Treatment of Pain

279

(1)

OPIOIDS

279

(1)

Nonspecific vs. Specific Treatments

280

(2)

Conclusions

282

(1)

References

283

(6)

21. Specific Acute Migraine Treatment: Ergotamine and Triptans

289

(22)

Hans-Christoph Diener and Volker Liminroth

Introduction

289

(1)

Ergotamine

289

(1)

Ergotamine vs. Oral Triptans

290

(2)

Triptans

292

(12)

Conclusions

304

(1)

References

304

(7)

22. Preventive Treatment for Migraine

311

(52)

Stephen D. Silberstein

Introduction —Why and When to Use Migraine-Preventive Medications

311

(2)

Mechanism of Action of Preventive Medications

313

(2)

Specific Migraine-Preventive Agents

315

(30)

Setting Treatment Priorities

345

(2)

References

347

(16)

23. Herbal Medicines and Vitamins

363

(12)

Jean Schoenen and Delphille Magi's

Introduction

363

(1)

Riboflavin

363

(3)

Coenzyme Q10

366

(1)

Thioctic Acid (α-Lipoic Acid)

367

(1)

Feverfew (Tanacetunt parthenium)

367

(2)

Butterbur (Petasites hybridus)

369

(1)

Magnesium

370

(1)

Conclusions

370

(1)

References

371

(4)

24. Treatment of Migraine in Children and Adolescents

375

(18)

Paul Winner

Introduction

375

(1)

Acute Treatment

376

(5)

Preventive Therapy

381

(7)

Conclusions

388

(1)

References

389

(4)

25. Inpatient Management and Invasive Treatment Strategies for Migraine and Chronic Daily Headaches

393

(20)

Frederick G. Freitag

Introduction

393

(1)

Inpatient Treatment

393

(12)

Invasive Treatment of Migraine and Chronic Daily Headaches

405

(3)

Conclusion

408

(1)

References

409

(4)

26. Migraine in the Emergency Department

413

(18)

Merle Diamond and Benjamin W. Friedman

Introduction

413

(1)

How to Approach a Patient with Acute Headache in the ED

414

(3)

Treatment

417

(5)

Specific Situations

422

(1)

Disposition

423

(2)

Status Migrainosus/Intractable Pain

425

(1)

References

426

(5)

27. Progression Forms of Migraine

431

(14)

Marcelo E. Bigal and Richard B. Lipton

Introduction

431

(1)

Epidemiology of the CDHs

432

(1)

Transformed Migraine

432

(9)

Prospects for Preventing Headache Progression

441

(1)

References

442

(3)

28. The Future of Migraine Therapies

445

(12)

Todd Schwedt and David Dodick

Introduction

445

(1)

Trigeminal Receptor Targets

446

(2)

Adenosine Receptors

448

(1)

Drugs Targeting the ORL-1 Receptors

448

(1)

Vanilloid Receptors

449

(1)

Glutamate Receptors

449

(1)

CGRP Receptor Antagonists

450

(1)

NOS Inhibitors

450

(1)

Pharmacogenomics

451

(1)

Summary

452

(1)

References

453

(4)

29. Tension-Type Headache

457

(14)

Rigmor Jensen

Introduction

457

(1)

The Epidemiology of TTH

458

(2)

The Clinical Presentation of TTH

460

(2)

Physical Examination in Subjects with TTH

462

(1)

Psychological Aspects of TTH

463

(1)

Pathophysiology

463

(1)

Treatment

464

(1)

References

465

(6)

30. Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalgias

471

(24)

David Dodick

Introduction

471

(1)

Pathophysiology

471

(2)

Cluster Headache

473

(11)

Paroxysmal Hemicranias

484

(2)

SUNCT Syndrome

486

(1)

References

487

(8)

31. Other Primary' Headaches

495

(14)

Lawrence C. Newman, Susan W. Broner and Christine L. Lay

Introduction

495

(1)

Primary Stabbing Headache (ICHD-2 Code 4.1)

495

(1)

Primary Cough Headache (ICHD-2 Code 4.2)

496

(1)

Primary Exertional Headache (ICHD-2 Code 4.3)

497

(1)

Primary Headaches Associated with Sexual Activity(ICHD-2 Code 4.4)

498

(1)

The Hypnic Headache Syndrome (ICHD-2 Code 4.5)

499

(1)

Primary Thunderclap Headache (ICHD-2 Code 4.6)

500

(1)

Hemicrania Continua (ICHD-2 Code 4.7)

501

(32)

New Daily-Persistent Headache (ICHD-2 Code 4.8)

533

Conclusion

505

(1)

References

505

(4)

32. When the Treatment of Headache Fails

509

(14)

Richard B. Lipton and Marcelo E. Bigal

Introduction

509

(1)

Reason 1: The Diagnosis Is Incomplete or Incorrect

509

(5)

Reason 2: Important Exacerbating Factors May Have Been Missed

514

(1)

Reason 3: Pharmacotherapy May Be Inadequate

515

(2)

Reason 4: Nonpharmacologic Treatment May Be Inadequate

517

(1)

Reason 5: Other Reasons for Treatment Failure

517

(1)

Conclusions

518

(1)

References

518

(5)

Index

523

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Migraine And Other Headache Disorders

Summary

Table of Contents

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