Mind As Machine A History of Cognitive Science Two-Volume Set

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ISBN: 9780199241446 | 0199241449
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 8/24/2006

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The development of cognitive science is one of the most remarkable and fascinating intellectual achievements of the modern era. It brings together psychology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, computing, philosophy, linguistics, and anthropology in the project of understanding the mind by modelling its workings. Oxford University Press now presents a masterful history of cognitive science, told by one of its most eminent practitioners.

Preface

xxxiii

The Book

xxxiii

The Background

xxxvii

Setting the Scene

(50)

Mind and its Place in Nature

(8)

Questions, questions . . .

(1)

How to find some answers

(5)

Never mind minds?

(1)

The Scope of Cognitive Science

(9)

Of labels and cans

(2)

Two footpaths, many meadows

(2)

Why computers?

(2)

What's in, what's out

(2)

Caveat Narrator

(32)

Beware of Whig history

(2)

Losing the Legend

(5)

The counter-cultural background

(5)

The counter-cultural somersault

(6)

Hardly hero worship

(2)

Discovering discoveries

(3)

So what's new?

(4)

Rhetoric and publication

(3)

An explanatory can of worms

(1)

Envoi

(1)

Man as Machine: Origins of the Idea

(80)

Machine as Man: Early Days

(6)

Ancient automata and Dark Age decline

(1)

In fashion again

(4)

Descartes's Mechanism

(16)

From physics to physiology

(2)

Science as cooperation

(3)

Cartesian cooperation develops

(4)

Descartes on animals---

(1)

---but just what did he mean?

(2)

Vivisection revivified

(2)

Human bodies as machines

(1)

Cartesian Complications

(7)

The mind is different

(2)

Birth of a bugbear

(4)

The prospects for AI

(1)

Vaucanson's Scientific Automata

(6)

Fairs and flute-players

(2)

Theories in robotic form

(2)

Robotics, not AI

(1)

Mechanism and Vitalism

(3)

Animal experiments: Are they needed?

(2)

Holist chemistry

(1)

The Neo-Kantian Alternative

(12)

Kant on mind and world

(2)

Biology, mechanism, teleology

(2)

Philosophies of self-realization

(1)

Goethe, psychology, and neurophysiology

(3)

The birth of morphology

(2)

Goethe's eclipse

101

(1)

The Self-Regulation of the Body

102

(5)

Automatic equilibria

102

(2)

The embarrassing embryo

104

(1)

Creative evolution

105

(2)

The Neurophysiological Machine

107

(12)

Getting on one's nerves

107

(1)

Reflections on the reflex

108

(2)

From nerves to neurones

110

(4)

Integration in the nervous system

114

(1)

How do neurones work?

115

(2)

Brains and machines

117

(2)

Strictly Logical Automata

119

(4)

Early gizmos

119

(3)

Logic, not psychology

122

(1)

Psychology as Mechanism---But Not as Machine

123

(8)

Visions of a scientific psychology

123

(5)

Non-empiricist psychologies

128

(3)

Anticipatory Engines

131

(37)

Miracles and Mechanism

132

(6)

Babbage in the round

132

(3)

Religion and science

135

(3)

Differences that Made a Difference

138

(4)

Division of labour, again

138

(2)

Design and disappointment

140

(2)

Analytical Engines

142

(4)

From arithmetic to algebra

142

(2)

Programs . . . and bugs

144

(2)

Had Wheelwork Been Taught to Think?

146

(6)

For Lovelace read Babbage throughout

146

(3)

What Lovelace said

149

(2)

Babbage and AI

151

(1)

Electronic Babbage

152

(10)

A soulmate in Berlin

152

(3)

Call me MADM

155

(2)

Intimations of AI

157

(1)

Turing's invisibility

158

(2)

Von Neumann's contribution

160

(2)

In Grandfather's Footsteps?

162

(6)

Conflicting evidence

163

(4)

So what's the verdict?

167

(1)

Maybe Minds Are Machines Too

168

(69)

The Turing Machine

169

(8)

Turing the man

169

(2)

Playing the game

171

(2)

What computation is

173

(3)

Only programs, not computers

176

(1)

From Maths Towards Mind

177

(5)

Computers and computors

177

(2)

Commitment to the claim

179

(2)

But what about the details?

181

(1)

The Logical Neurone

182

(13)

McCulloch the Polymath

182

(2)

Experimental epistemology

184

(2)

Enthused by logic

186

(3)

The young collaborator

189

(1)

Mind as logic machine

190

(3)

Initial reception

193

(2)

The Functionalist Neurone

195

(3)

From calculus to computer

195

(2)

Function, not implementation

197

(1)

Cybernetic Circularity: From Steam-Engines to Societies

198

(12)

Feedback, way back

198

(2)

Infant interdisciplinarity

200

(2)

Biological roots

202

(2)

Information theory

204

(1)

Bateson, Pask, and a sip of Beer

205

(5)

Brains as Modelling Machines

210

(8)

A Cambridge cyclist

211

(3)

Similarity isn't enough

214

(1)

Craik and cognitive science

215

(2)

Might-have-beens

217

(1)

Feedback Machines

218

(4)

Purposes of war

218

(2)

Post-war projects

220

(2)

Of Tortoises and Homeostats

222

(10)

Robots at the festival

223

(2)

Of wheels and whiskers

225

(3)

Less sexy, more surprising

228

(2)

How the Homeostat worked

230

(2)

Schism

232

(5)

All too human

233

(2)

Adaptation or meaning?

235

(2)

Movements Beneath the Mantle

237

(45)

Newtonianism

238

(3)

The six assumptions

238

(2)

What sort of revolution was it?

240

(1)

Psychology's House

241

(16)

Sitting tenants with personality

242

(5)

Sitting tenants with knowledge

247

(5)

Sitting tenants with biology

252

(5)

Soft Centres

257

(7)

Mentalism goes underground

257

(3)

Behaviourism softens

260

(2)

Behaviourist machines

262

(2)

Neurology Creeps In

264

(18)

Hierarchies in the brain

265

(3)

Connectionism named

268

(3)

The cell assembly

271

(3)

Beyond perceptual learning

274

(2)

Hebb's originality?

276

(2)

Loosening the mantle

278

(4)

Cognitive Science Comes Together

282

(84)

Pointers to the Promised Land

283

(15)

Informed by information

283

(3)

Miller and magic

286

(3)

Going with the flow

289

(4)

Information and computation

293

(3)

Chomsky comes on the scene

296

(2)

The New Look

298

(19)

Coins and cards

299

(5)

A study of thinking

304

(3)

Computational couture

307

(4)

Costume change

311

(2)

Will seeing machines have illusions?

313

(4)

From Heuristics to Computers

317

(11)

The economics of thought

318

(2)

A meeting of minds

320

(3)

A new dawn

323

(5)

The Early Church

328

(26)

Consciousness raising

328

(2)

A trio of meetings

330

(6)

The manifesto

336

(7)

The first mission station

343

(5)

Missionary outposts

348

(3)

The sine qua non

351

(3)

Spreading the Word

354

(12)

Training sessions

354

(2)

Library tickets

356

(7)

Journal-ism

363

(3)

The Rise of Computational Psychology

366

(149)

The Personal Touch

368

(36)

The return of the repressed

369

(4)

Argus with 100 eyes

373

(3)

From scripts to scripts

376

(5)

Emotional intelligence

381

(4)

Architect-in-waiting

385

(3)

Of nursemaids and grief

388

(6)

Free to be free

394

(3)

Some hypnotic suggestions

397

(5)

An alien appendage

402

(2)

The Spoken Word

404

(12)

Psychosyntax

405

(1)

Up the garden path

406

(3)

You know, uh, well

409

(3)

Meaning matters

412

(4)

Explanation as the Holy Grail

416

(11)

Competence and performance

417

(2)

Three levels, two types

419

(2)

The sweet smell of success

421

(1)

Chasing a will-o'-the-wisp?

422

(5)

Reasoning and Rationality

427

(24)

Simon's ant

429

(1)

Productions and SOAR

430

(5)

The ACTs of Anderson

435

(4)

Models in the mind

439

(3)

The marriage of Craik and Montague

442

(2)

Irrationality rules---or does it?

444

(2)

Evolved for success

446

(3)

Give thanks for boundedness

449

(2)

Visions of Vision

451

(21)

Icons of the eyes

451

(5)

Vision from the bottom up

456

(3)

Maths and multimodels

459

(3)

The fashion for Mexican hats

462

(3)

Direct opposition

465

(4)

Let battle commence!

469

(3)

Nativism and its Vicissitudes

472

(31)

The words of Adam and Eve

473

(2)

Some surprises from ethology

475

(2)

From Noam to Nim

477

(4)

Modish modules

481

(3)

But how many, exactly?

484

(2)

Theory of Mind

486

(6)

The third way

492

(4)

What makes higher thinking possible?

496

(3)

The modularization of modules

499

(4)

Satellite Images

503

(12)

A telescopic vision

504

(3)

Forking footpaths

507

(2)

The Newell Test

509

(3)

Low focus

512

(1)

The bustling circus

513

(2)

The Mystery of the Missing Discipline

515

(75)

Anthropology and Cognitive Science

516

(14)

The beginnings of cognitive anthropology

517

(2)

Peoples and prototypes

519

(3)

Hopes and a hexagon

522

(1)

More taxonomies (and more Darkness than light)

523

(3)

And modelling, too

526

(4)

Why Invisibility?

530

(13)

Psychology sidelined

531

(3)

Skirmishes in the science wars

534

(3)

Top dogs and underdogs

537

(2)

What's in a name?

539

(1)

Barkow's baby

540

(3)

Minds and Group Minds

543

(6)

Models of seamanship

544

(3)

Networks of navigation

547

(2)

Mechanisms of Aesthetics

549

(7)

From Savanna to Sotheby's

549

(3)

The seductiveness of symmetry

552

(1)

Universality in variety

553

(3)

Cultural Evolution

556

(12)

Evolution in the third world

556

(2)

A new mantra: BVSR

558

(4)

The meme of memes

562

(3)

Cloak uncloaked

565

(3)

The Believable and the Bizarre

568

(22)

An epidemiology of belief

569

(4)

Religion as a cultural universal

573

(4)

Symbolism

577

(2)

The extraordinary out of the ordinary

579

(4)

Anything goes?

583

(4)

The impurity of induction

587

(3)

Transforming Linguistics

590

(111)

Chomsky as Guru

592

(2)

The tenfold Chomsky myth

592

(1)

A non-pacific ocean

593

(1)

Predecessors and Precursors

594

(6)

Why Chomsky's `history' matters

594

(2)

The rationalist background

596

(1)

The puzzle of innate ideas

597

(3)

Not-Really-Cartesian Linguists

600

(6)

Descartes's disciple

600

(2)

Arnauld and the abbey

602

(1)

The Port-Royal Grammar

602

(3)

Deaf-mutes and Diderot

605

(1)

Humboldt's Humanism

606

(12)

Language as humanity

607

(2)

Languages and cultures

609

(1)

Humboldt lives!

610

(1)

A fivefold list

611

(1)

Origins

612

(2)

Creativity of language

614

(2)

The inner form

616

(2)

The Status Quo Ante

618

(9)

Two anti-rationalist `isms'

618

(2)

The shock of structuralism

620

(2)

The formalist Dane

622

(2)

Tutor to Chomsky

624

(2)

Not quite there yet . . .

626

(1)

Major Transformations

627

(11)

Chomsky's first words

627

(1)

The need for a generative grammar

628

(3)

Beyond information theory

631

(3)

Transformational grammars

634

(3)

So what?

637

(1)

A Battle with Behaviourism

638

(9)

Political agenda

639

(2)

That review!

641

(2)

Nativist notions

643

(2)

Universal grammar?

645

(2)

Aftermath

647

(7)

Polarized passions

648

(2)

Revisions, revisions . . .

650

(2)

Semantics enters the equation

652

(2)

Challenging the Master

654

(15)

Linguistic wars

655

(1)

Who needs transformations?

656

(1)

Montagovian meanings

657

(3)

Transformations trounced

660

(2)

Why GPSG matters

662

(3)

Computational tractability

665

(1)

Linguistics eclipsed

666

(3)

The Genesis of Natural Language Processing

669

(11)

Ploughman crooked ground plough plough

669

(2)

Shannon's shadow

671

(3)

Love letters and haikus

674

(1)

Wittgenstein and CLRU

674

(3)

Is perfect translation possible?

677

(1)

Is adequate translation achievable?

678

(2)

NLP Comes of Age

680

(21)

MT resurrected

681

(2)

Automatic parsing

683

(5)

`What I did on my holiday'

688

(1)

Semantic coherence

689

(3)

The seductiveness of semantic networks

692

(3)

Whatever will they say next?

695

(3)

A snippet on speech

698

(3)

When Gofai Was Newfai

701

(121)

Harbingers

702

(29)

When is a program not a program?

702

(3)

The first AI program---not!

705

(3)

How a program became a program

708

(2)

First-footings

710

(3)

The book of Samuel

713

(2)

Programmatics

715

(4)

First `Steps'

719

(6)

The harbinger in the Bush

725

(4)

Spacewar

729

(1)

The empty chair at the banquet

730

(1)

Establishment

731

(8)

First labs

731

(5)

The ripples spread

736

(3)

New waves

739

(1)

The Search for Generality

739

(36)

SIP spawns KR

741

(8)

A resolution to do better

749

(3)

Planning progresses

752

(7)

Early learning

759

(10)

`Some Philosophical Problems'

769

(6)

The Need for Knowledge

775

(24)

A triumph, and a threefold challenge

776

(5)

Clearer vision

781

(13)

Expert Systems

794

(5)

Talking to the Computer

799

(18)

Psychology outlaws binary

799

(2)

Entering the lists

801

(4)

LISPing in `English'

805

(3)

Virtual cascades

808

(3)

NewFAI in parallel

811

(3)

It's only logical!

814

(3)

Child's Play

817

(5)

The power of bugs

817

(3)

Complication and distribution

820

(1)

Pointers to the future

821

(1)

Of Bombs and Bombshells

822

(61)

Military Matters

823

(15)

Nurtured in war

825

(3)

Licklider as a military man

828

(4)

Star Wars and AI qualms

832

(3)

Les mains sales?

835

(3)

Critics and Calumnies

838

(19)

The outsider

838

(3)

Scandal

841

(5)

After Alchemy

846

(2)

Dreyfus and connectionism

848

(2)

The neighbour

850

(2)

A sign of the times

852

(3)

The unkindest cut of all

855

(2)

A Plea for Intellectual Hygiene

857

(7)

The insider

858

(3)

Natural Stupidity survives

861

(3)

Lighthill's Report

864

(9)

A badly guided missile

865

(4)

Clearing up the rubble

869

(4)

The Fifth Generation

873

(8)

A warning shot from Japan

873

(2)

Self-defence in the USA

875

(4)

Lighthill laid to rest

879

(2)

The Kraken Wakes

881

(2)

Small fry and sleeping draughts

881

(1)

Competition

881

(2)

Connectionism: Its Birth and Renaissance

883

(119)

Lighting the Fuse

885

(7)

A long gestation

885

(1)

Turing and connectionism

886

(1)

`How We Know Universals'

887

(3)

From logic to thermodynamics

890

(2)

Infant Implementations

892

(19)

B24 bricolage

893

(1)

Self-organizing networks

894

(3)

Connections with the Ratio Club

897

(1)

Pandemonium

898

(5)

The perceptron

903

(4)

Excitement, and overexcitement

907

(2)

Enter the Adaline

909

(2)

Attack Without Apology

911

(12)

The devilish duo

911

(1)

The opening salvo

912

(4)

Intransigence

916

(1)

The hybrid society of mind

917

(4)

Were they to blame?

921

(2)

Lamps Invisible

923

(5)

Relegation to the background

924

(2)

Run and twiddle

926

(1)

Reinforcement and purpose

926

(2)

Behind the Scenes

928

(17)

Left alone to get on with it

928

(2)

A problem shared . . .?

930

(1)

How large is your memory?

931

(3)

Disillusion on distribution

934

(1)

Linear associative memories

935

(1)

The physicists have their say

936

(4)

The power of respectability

940

(2)

Hinton relaxes

942

(1)

Passing frustrations

943

(2)

Centre-Stage

945

(14)

The bible in two volumes

945

(3)

Bowled over by Boltzmann

948

(4)

Backprop hits the headlines

952

(1)

Backprop anticipated

953

(2)

Wonders of the past tense

955

(2)

Escaping from the black box

957

(2)

The Worm Turns

959

(4)

Joyful jamborees

959

(3)

DARPA thinks again

962

(1)

A la recherche. . .

963

(9)

Emulating the ancestors

965

(1)

Recurrent nets

966

(2)

Start simple, develop complex

968

(1)

Pathways for representation

969

(3)

The importance of input history

972

(1)

Still Searching

972

(10)

Assemblies of cell assemblies

973

(2)

Hands across the divide

975

(4)

Constructive networks

979

(1)

What had been achieved?

980

(2)

Philosophers Connect

982

(18)

A Pulitzer prelude

982

(2)

Connectionist concepts

984

(2)

The proper treatment of connectionism?

986

(3)

The old ways defended

989

(2)

Microcognition and representational change

991

(2)

Non-conceptual content

993

(3)

An eye to the future?

996

(4)

Pointing to the Neighbours

1000

(2)

Swimming Alongside the Kraken

1002

(108)

Later Logicism

1003

(10)

Less monotony

1003

(3)

More naivety

1006

(1)

The AI en-CYC-lopedia

1007

(6)

Choppy Waters

1013

(14)

Apostasy

1013

(2)

Can the fox catch the rabbit?

1015

(5)

Matters-in-law

1020

(4)

Judgements about judges

1024

(3)

Advance and Attack

1027

(25)

Gelernter revivified

1027

(2)

Planning attacked---

1029

(6)

---and defended

1035

(3)

Agents and distributed cognition

1038

(5)

Social interaction and agents

1043

(3)

Technology swamps psychology

1046

(6)

Explaining the Ineffable

1052

(17)

Creativity ignored

1053

(1)

Help from outside

1054

(5)

In focus at last

1059

(10)

Outreach to Everyman

1069

(12)

Papert and the media lab

1069

(3)

The H in HCl

1072

(2)

Good ideas in hibernation

1074

(2)

The human face of the interface

1076

(5)

Virtual Reality

1081

(19)

Intimations of VR

1082

(2)

VR as a practical aid

1084

(3)

VR in art and play

1087

(5)

Computerized companions

1092

(4)

Psychology and avatars

1096

(4)

Coda

1100

(10)

Is AI a discipline?

1100

(5)

Has GOFAI failed?

1105

(5)

From Neurophysiology to Computational Neuroscience

1110

(137)

Notes on Nomenclature

1111

(3)

The naming of neuroscience

1112

(1)

The computational species

1113

(1)

Very Non-Neural Nets

1114

(7)

Too neat

1114

(1)

Too simple

1115

(1)

Too few

1116

(1)

Too dry

1117

(4)

In the Beginning

1121

(9)

Computational questions

1121

(4)

Computations in the brain

1125

(3)

Formal synapses

1128

(2)

A Fistful of Feature-Detectors

1130

(10)

Bug-detectors

1130

(4)

And more, and more . . .

1134

(2)

But how?

1136

(2)

Monkey business

1138

(2)

Modelling the Brain

1140

(17)

The Mars robot

1140

(3)

The musician in the spare room

1143

(2)

Secrets of the cerebellum

1145

(4)

Audience reaction

1149

(2)

Beyond the cerebellum

1151

(3)

A change of tack

1154

(3)

Realism Rampant

1157

(12)

A voice in the wilderness

1158

(3)

Adaptation---and feature-detectors

1161

(3)

ARTful simulations

1164

(3)

Avoiding the black box

1167

(2)

Whole Animals

1169

(8)

CNE---what is it?

1169

(1)

A wizard from Oz

1170

(2)

Rana computatrix and and its scheming cousins

1172

(5)

Representations Galore

1177

(12)

What's the problem?

1178

(1)

From probabilities to geometries

1179

(5)

Emulation and subjectivity

1184

(3)

The philosophers worry

1187

(2)

Computation Challenged

1189

(27)

Structure without description

1189

(4)

Dynamics in the brain

1193

(3)

Epigenesis

1196

(3)

Neural selection

1199

(6)

Grandmother cells

1205

(5)

Modelling modulation

1210

(3)

Time blindness---and glimmers of light

1213

(3)

Cartesian Correlations

1216

(20)

Consciousness comes in from the cold

1216

(4)

Cognitive neuroscience

1220

(4)

The $64,000 question

1224

(6)

Philosophical contortions

1230

(6)

Descartes to the Tumbrils?

1236

(11)

Describing the mind, or inventing it?

1237

(1)

A computational analysis

1237

(3)

The other side of the river

1240

(2)

Lions and lines

1242

(2)

Hung jury

1244

(3)

A-Life in Embryo

1247

(87)

Life, Mind, Self-Organization

1249

(2)

Life and mind versus life-and-mind

1249

(1)

Self-organization, in and out of focus

1249

(2)

Biomimetics and Artificial Life

1251

(3)

Artificial fish

1251

(2)

What is A-Life?

1253

(1)

Mathematical Biology Begins

1254

(7)

Of growth and form

1254

(4)

More admiration than influence

1258

(1)

Difficulties of description

1259

(2)

Turing's Biological Turn

1261

(7)

A mathematical theory of embryology

1261

(3)

History's verdict

1264

(4)

Self-Replicating Automata

1268

(6)

Self-organization as computation

1268

(3)

Why the delay?

1271

(3)

Evolution Enters the Field

1274

(12)

Holland, and mini-trips elsewhere

1274

(4)

Awaiting the computers

1278

(2)

The saga of SAGA

1280

(4)

Open-ended evolution

1284

(2)

From Vehicles to Lampreys

1286

(13)

Valentino's vehicles

1287

(2)

Of hoverflies

1289

(3)

Playing cricket

1292

(6)

Evolving lampreys

1298

(1)

Parallel Developments

1299

(10)

Artificial ants

1300

(4)

New philosophies of biology

1304

(3)

Dynamical systems

1307

(2)

Order and Complexity

1309

(8)

The four classes of CA

1309

(1)

K for Kauffman

1310

(3)

Morphology revived

1313

(3)

Discussions in the desert

1316

(1)

Naming and Synthesis

1317

(8)

The party

1317

(5)

Simulation or realization?

1322

(3)

After the Party

1325

(9)

Resurrection of the Homeostat

1325

(2)

Analysing dynamics

1327

(7)

Philosophies of Mind as Machine

1334

(110)

Mid-Century Blues

1337

(9)

Interactionist squibs

1337

(1)

Puffs of smoke and nomological danglers

1338

(1)

Dispositions and category mistakes

1339

(4)

Questions of identity

1343

(3)

Turing Throws Down the Gauntlet

1346

(10)

Sketch of a future AI

1346

(3)

The gauntlet spurned

1349

(2)

The Turing Test: Then and now

1351

(5)

Functionalist Freedoms

1356

(6)

Just below the surface

1357

(2)

The shackles loosened

1359

(3)

Three Variations on a Theme

1362

(17)

Content and consciousness

1363

(4)

From heresy to scandal

1367

(2)

Must angels learn Latin?

1369

(5)

Fodorian frills

1374

(2)

Eliminative materialism

1376

(3)

Counter-moves

1379

(10)

Godel to the rescue?

1379

(2)

Consciousness and zombies

1381

(1)

That room in China

1382

(3)

Neuroprotein and intentionality

1385

(2)

How multiple is multiple?

1387

(1)

Subconsciousness attacked

1388

(1)

Betrayal

1389

(5)

Friendly fire

1390

(2)

Crossing the river

1392

(2)

Neo-Phenomenology---From Critique to Construction

1394

(13)

Where Dreyfus was coming from

1395

(3)

Hands-on Heideggerians

1398

(1)

Flights from the computer

1399

(5)

Computation and embodiment

1404

(3)

Mind and ``Nature''

1407

(7)

No representations in the brain

1407

(3)

Mind as second nature

1410

(2)

Mind and VR-as-nature

1412

(2)

Computation as a Moving Target

1414

(15)

Three senses of computation

1414

(5)

Physical symbol systems

1419

(1)

From computation to architecture

1420

(2)

The bit in ``three and a bit''

1422

(1)

A philosophy of presence

1423

(5)

The moral of the story

1428

(1)

What's Life Got To Do With It?

1429

(15)

Life in the background

1430

(4)

Functionalist approaches to life

1434

(4)

The philosophy of autopoiesis

1438

(2)

Evolution, life, and mind

1440

(4)

What Next?

1444

(9)

What's Unpredictable?

1444

(3)

What's Predictable?

1447

(1)

What's Promising?

1448

(3)

What About Those Manifesto Promises?

1451

(2)

References

1453

(134)

List of Abbreviations

1587

(6)

Subject Index

1593

(20)

Name Index

1613

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Mind As Machine A History of Cognitive Science Two-Volume Set

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Mind As Machine A History of Cognitive Science Two-Volume Set

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