Mobile and Wireless Communications for

A timely addition to the understanding of IMT-Advanced, Mobile and wireless communications for IMT-A and beyond applies the discoveries and investigations of the WINNER+ project to the latest innovations of IMT-Advanced systems. This reference book places particular emphasis on the topics of Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) Systems, network coding, relaying, peer-to-peer communication and spectrum sharing. It also presents state-of-the-art information on the different aspects of the work of standardization bodies, making links between global standardization bodies. The economic exploitation of research results in future systems is also examined and surveyed. The work is strongly supported by an editor team who were involved in the WINNER+ project themselves, and the book includes applied research to describe how the latest results will make it into the LTE standard. There are no similar books on the market today that treat the topics in this way, close to the standards development process.

Afif Osseiran received a B.Sc. in Electrical and Electronics from Université de Rennes I, France, in 1995, a DEA (B.Sc.E.E) degree in Electrical Engineering from Université de Rennes I and INSA Rennes in 1997, and a M.A.Sc. degree in Electrical and Communication Engineering from École Polytechnique de Montreal, Canada, in 1999. In 2006, he defended successfully his Ph.D thesis at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Sweden. Since 1999 he has been with Ericsson, Sweden. During the years 2006 and 2007 he led in the European project WINNER the MIMO task. From April 2008 to June 2010, he was the technical manager of the Eureka Celtic project WINNER+. Dr. Osseiran is listed in the Who's Who in the World, and in Science & Engineering. He has published more then 50 technical papers and has in 2009 co-authored a book on Radio Technologies and Concepts for IMT-Advanced with John Wiley & Sons. Since 2006, he has been teaching at Master's level at KTH.

Jose F. Monserrat received his MSc. degree with High Honors and Ph.D. degree in Telecommunications engineering from the Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV) in 2003 and 2007, respectively. In 2009 he was awarded with the best young researcher prize of Valencia. He is currently an associate professor in the Communications Department of the UPV. His research focuses on the application of complex computation techniques to Radio Resource Management (RRM) strategies and to the optimization of current and future mobile communications networks, as LTE-Advanced and IEEE 802.16m. He has been involved in several European Projects, acting as task or work package leader in WINNER+, ICARUS, COMIC and PROSIMOS. In 2010 he also participated in one external evaluation group within ITU-R on the performance assessment of the candidates for the future family of standards for IMT-Advanced.

Werner Mohr graduated from the University of Hannover, Germany, with a Master's degree in electrical engineering in 1981 and a Ph.D. degree in 1987. He joined Siemens AG, in 1991. He was involved in several EU funded projects and ETSI standardization groups on UMTS and systems beyond 3G. In December 1996 he became project manager of the European ACTS FRAMES Project until the project finished in August 1999. This project developed the basic concepts of the UMTS radio interface. Since April 2007 he has been with Nokia Siemens Networks GmbH & Co. KG, Germany, where he is Head of Research Alliances. He was the coordinator of the WINNER Project in Framework Program 6 of the European Commission, and the Eureka Celtic project WINNER+. Dr. Mohr is an IEEE Senior Member. He is a co-author of the books Third Generation Mobile Communication Systems and Radio Technologies and Concepts for IMT-Advanced.

About the Editors	p. xiii
Preface	p. xv
Acknowledgements	p. xvii
List of Abbreviations	p. xix
List of Contributors	p. xxv
Introduction	p. 1
Market and Technology Trends	p. 1
Technology Evolution	p. 3
Development of IMT-Advanced and Beyond	p. 6
References	p. 8
Radio Resource Management	p. 11
Overview of Radio Resource Management	p. 11
Resource Allocation in IMT-Advanced Technologies	p. 13
Main IMT-Advanced Characteristics	p. 13
Scheduling	p. 16
Interference Management	p. 16
Carrier Aggregation	p. 18
MBMS Transmission	p. 18
Dynamic Resource Allocation	p. 19
Resource Allocation and Packet Scheduling Using Utility Theory	p. 19
Resource Allocation with Relays	p. 22
Multiuser Resource Allocation Maximizing the UE QoS	p. 24
Optimization Problems and Performance	p. 26
Interference Coordination in Mobile Networks	p. 26
Power Control	p. 27
Resource Partitioning	p. 28
MIMO Busy Burst for Interference Avoidance	p. 33
Efficient MBMS Transmission	p. 35
MBMS Transmission	p. 36
Performance Assessment	p. 37
Future Directions of RRM Techniques	p. 39
References	p. 40
Carrier Aggregation	p. 43
Basic Concepts	p. 43
ITU-R Requirements and Implementation in Standards	p. 45
Towards Future Technologies	p. 48
Channel Coding	p. 48
Scheduling	p. 51
Channel Quality Indicator	p. 53
Additional Research Directions	p. 54
Cognitive Radio Enabling Dynamic/Opportunistic Carrier Aggregation	p. 55
Spectrum Sharing and Opportunistic Carrier Aggregation	p. 56
Spectrum Awareness	p. 58
Cognitive Component Carrier Identification, Selection and Mobility	p. 59
Implications for Signaling and Architecture	p. 59
Hardware and Legal Limitations	p. 60
References	p. 61
Spectrum Sharing	p. 63
Introduction	p. 63
Literature Overview	p. 64
Spectrum Sharing from a Game Theoretic Perspective	p. 66
Femtocells	p. 67
Spectrum Sharing with Game Theory	p. 68
Noncooperative Case	p. 68
Hierarchical Case	p. 69
Spectrum Trading	p. 70
Revenue and Cost Function for the Offering Operator	p. 73
Numerical Results	p. 74
Femtocells and Opportunistic Spectrum Usage	p. 75
Femtocells and Standardization	p. 77
Self-Organized Femtocells	p. 79
Beacon-Based Femtocells	p. 81
Femtocells with Intercell Interference Coordination	p. 82
Femtocells with Game Theory	p. 83
Conclusion, Discussion and Future Research	p. 84
Future Research	p. 85
References	p. 86
Multiuser MIMO Systems	p. 89
MIMO Fundamentals	p. 89
System Model	p. 91
Point-to-Point MIMO Communications	p. 92
Multiuser MIMO Communications	p. 96
MIMO with Interference	p. 100
MIMO in LTE-Advanced and 802.16m	p. 101
LTE-Advanced	p. 102
WiMAX Evolution	p. 104
Generic Linear Precoding with CSIT	p. 104
Transmitter-Receiver Design	p. 105
Transceiver Design with Interference Nulling	p. 110
CSI Acquisition for Multiuser MIMO	p. 112
Limited Feedback	p. 112
CSI Sounding	p. 113
Future Directions of MIMO Techniques	p. 114
References	p. 115
Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) Systems	p. 121
Overview of CoMP	p. 121
CoMP Types	p. 122
Architectures and Clustering	p. 123
Theoretical Performance Limits and Implementation Constraints	p. 126
CoMP in the Standardization Bodies	p. 129
Overview of CoMP Studies	p. 129
Design Choices for a CoMP Functionality	p. 131
Generic System Model for Downlink CoMP	p. 133
SINR for Linear Transmissions	p. 133
Compact Matricial Model	p. 134
Joint Processing Techniques	p. 134
State of the Art	p. 135
Potential of Joint Processing	p. 136
Dynamic Joint Processing	p. 137
Uplink Joint Processing	p. 141
Coordinated Beamforming and Scheduling Techniques	p. 142
State of the Art	p. 142
Decentralized Coordinated Beamforming	p. 143
Coordinated Scheduling via Worst Companion Reporting	p. 145
Practical Implementation of CoMP in a Trial Environment	p. 147
Setup and Scenarios	p. 149
Measurement Results	p. 149
Future Directions	p. 151
References	p. 152
Relaying for IMT-Advanced	p. 157
An Overview of Relaying	p. 157
Relay Evolution	p. 158
Relaying Deployment Scenarios	p. 159
Relaying Protocol Strategies	p. 160
Half Duplex and Full Duplex Relaying	p. 162
Numerical Example	p. 162
Relaying in the Standard Bodies	p. 164
Relay Types in LIE-Advanced Rel-10	p. 164
Relay Nodes in IEEE 802.16m	p. 166
Comparison of Relaying and CoMP	p. 166
Protocols and Resource Management	p. 167
Simulation Results	p. 169
In-band RNs versus Femtocells	p. 171
Cooperative Relaying for Beyond IMT-Advanced	p. 173
Relaying for beyond IMT-Advanced	p. 176
Multihop RNs	p. 176
Mobile Relay	p. 177
Network Coding	p. 177
References	p. 177
Network Coding in Wireless Communications	p. 181
An Overview of Network Coding	p. 181
Historical Background	p. 182
Types of Network Coding	p. 183
Applications of Network Coding	p. 183
Uplink Network Coding	p. 188
Detection Strategies	p. 188
User Grouping	p. 190
Relay Selection	p. 191
Performance	p. 192
Integration in IMT-Advanced and Beyond	p. 194
Nonbinary Network Coding	p. 194
Nonbinary NC based on UE Cooperation	p. 195
Nonbinary NC for Multiuser and Multirelay	p. 196
Performance	p. 197
Integration in IMT-Advanced and Beyond	p. 198
Network Coding for Broadcast and Multicast	p. 199
Efficient Broadcast Network Coding Scheme	p. 200
Performance	p. 201
Conclusions and Future Directions	p. 202
References	p. 203
Device-to-Device Communication	p. 207
Introduction	p. 207
State of the Art	p. 208
In Standards	p. 208
In Literature	p. 210
Device-to-Device Communication as Underlay to Cellular Networks	p. 211
Session Setup	p. 212
D2D Transmit Power	p. 214
Multiantenna Techniques	p. 215
Radio Resource Management	p. 220
Future Directions	p. 225
References	p. 228
The End-to-end Performance of LTE-Advanced	p. 231
IMT-Advanced Evaluation: ITU Process, Scenarios and Requirements	p. 231
ITU-R Process for IMT-Advanced	p. 232
Evaluation Scenarios	p. 234
Performance Requirements	p. 235
Short Introduction to LTE-Advanced Features	p. 238
The WINNER+ Evaluation Group Assessment Approach	p. 238
Performance of LTE-Advanced	p. 239
3GPP Self-evaluation	p. 239
Simulative Performance Assessment by WINNER+	p. 241
LTE-Advanced Performance in the Rural Indian Open Area Scenario	p. 243
Channel Model Implementation and Calibration	p. 243
IMT-Advanced Channel Model	p. 243
Calibration of Large-Scale Parameters	p. 246
Calibration of Small-Scale Parameters	p. 247
Simulator Calibration	p. 248
Conclusion and Outlook on the IMT-Advanced Process	p. 249
References	p. 250
Future Directions	p. ,251
Radio Resource Allocation	p. 252
Heterogeneous Networks	p. 252
MIMO and CoMP	p. 253
Relaying and Network Coding	p. 254
Device-to-Device Communications	p. 254
Green and Energy Efficiency	p. 255
References	p. 256
Appendices	p. 259
Resource Allocation	p. 261
Dynamic Resource Allocation	p. 261
Utility Predictive Scheduler	p. 261
Resource Allocation with Relays	p. 261
Multiuser Resource Allocation	p. 263
Phy/Mac Layer Model	p. 263
APP Layer Model	p. 263
Optimization Problem	p. 264
Simulation Results	p. 265
Busy Burst Extended to MIMO	p. 266
Efficient MBMS Transmission	p. 267
Service Operation	p. 267
Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) Performance	p. 268
Spectrum Awareness	p. 269
Spectrum Sensing	p. 269
Geo-Location Databases	p. 270
Beacon Signaling	p. 270
Coordinated MultiPoint (CoMP)	p. 271
Joint Processing Methods	p. 271
Partial Joint Processing	p. 271
Dynamic Base Station Clustering	p. 271
Coordinated Beamforming and Scheduling	p. 273
Decentralized Coordinated Beamforming	p. 273
Coordinated Scheduling via Worst Companion Reporting	p. 276
Test-Bed: Distributed Realtime Implementation	p. 276
Network Coding	p. 281
Nonbiliary NC based on UE Cooperation	p. 281
Multiuser and Multirelay Scenario	p. 282
LTE-Advanced Analytical Performance and Peak Spectral Efficiency	p. 285
Analytical and Inspection Performance Assessment by WINNER+	p. 285
Analytical Evaluation	p. 285
Inspection	p. 286
Peak Spectral Efficiency Calculation	p. 287
FDD Mode Downlink Direction	p. 287
FDD Mode Uplink Direction	p. 288
TDD Mode Downlink Direction	p. 289
TDD Mode Uplink Direction	p. 291
Comparison with Self-Evaluation	p. 292
References	p. 292
Index	p. 295
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Mobile and Wireless Communications for IMT-Advanced and Beyond

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