Modeling Software with Finite State Machines: A Practical Approach

Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.

ISBN: 9780849380860 | 0849380863
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 5/15/2006

Rent

(Recommended)

$102.74

Term

Due

Price

Semester

Dec 12

$108.15

Quarter

Aug 13

$102.74

Short Term

Jul 16

$97.34

*This item is part of an exclusive publisher rental program and requires an additional convenience fee. This fee will be reflected in the shopping cart.
Buy New

Usually Ships in 3-5 Business Days

$138.46
eBook

Available Instantly

Online: 180 Days

Downloadable: 180 Days

$51.48

Modeling Software with Finite State Machines: A Practical Approach explains how to apply finite state machines to software development. It provides a critical analysis of using finite state machines as a foundation for executable specifications to reduce software development effort and improve quality. It discusses the design of a state machine and of a system of state machines. It also presents a detailed analysis of development issues relating to behavior modeling with design examples and design rules for using finite state machines. This text demonstrates the implementation of these concepts using StateWORKS software and introduces the basic components of this software.

Part I The Problems of Software

1 Evolution of Software Development

(20)

Introduction

(1)

Programming Languages

(5)

A Little History

(1)

BASIC Catastrophe

(1)

C++

(1)

PLC

(1)

Script or Macro Notations

(1)

There Are Many Languages

(1)

Methods

(10)

Basic Knowledge

(1)

Specifying or Not?

(1)

CASE Tools

(1)

UML

(3)

Agile Methods

(1)

Behavior Modeling

(2)

Development Tools

(1)

Recommended Reading

(3)

2 The Price of Weakness

(20)

Software Development Costs

(12)

Programming as a Hobby

(1)

Small Software Projects

(1)

Large Software Projects

(2)

Hardness of Software

(2)

Ease of Creating New Macro Languages

(1)

Do We Need So Many Programming Languages?

(1)

The Specifics of Programming Languages

(1)

The Specifics of a Software Project

(2)

Software Is Expensive

(1)

Maintenance Costs

(3)

Software Errors

(1)

Software Changes

(1)

In Code We Trust

(1)

The Costs of Software Errors

(1)

The Programmers' World

(2)

A Programmer in a Project

(1)

The Software Project Leader

(1)

Examples of Disasters

(2)

Recommended Reading

(1)

3 Software as Engineering?

(20)

Methods

(8)

Fascination with Graphics

(1)

Visual Basic Chaos

(1)

Object-Oriented Design Illusion

(1)

UML Illusion

(2)

Formal Methods

(1)

CASE Tools — Value for Money?

(1)

Programming or Specification Languages?

(1)

Development Cycle

(5)

Prototyping

(1)

Specification

(1)

Software Development Steps

(1)

Software Documentation

(1)

Testing and Debugging

(1)

Maintenance and Support

(1)

Human Factors

(1)

Summary

(1)

Education Requirements

(2)

Who Is a Programmer?

(1)

Education as the Basis of Skill

(1)

Missing Skill — Examples

(1)

Conclusions

(2)

Recommended Reading

(3)

Part II Finite State Machines

4 Introduction, Definitions, and Notation

(14)

Finite State Machine

(2)

State Machine Models and Presentations

(10)

Transition Matrix

(2)

State Transition Diagram

(1)

Outputs (Actions)

(1)

Moore and Mealy Model

(1)

State Transition Table

(4)

Example

(2)

Recommended Reading

(2)

5 Hardware Applications

(8)

Introduction

(1)

Limited to Boolean Signals

(6)

Design Example — Traffic Light Control

(2)

EPROM-Based Implementations

(3)

FPLA- or CPLD-Based Implementations

(1)

Conclusions

(1)

Recommended Reading

(1)

6 Software Specific

(22)

Introduction

(1)

Data and Control Flow

(2)

Any Class of Signal May "Contain" the Control Value

(6)

Digital Input

(1)

Command Input

(1)

Numerical Input

(1)

Parameter

(1)

Data Processing Result

(1)

Timer

(1)

State Machine

(1)

External and Internal Signals

(1)

What about Outputs?

(1)

Digital Output

(1)

Command Output

(1)

Numerical Output

(1)

Data Processing Output

(1)

Timer

(1)

Summary

(1)

Event-Driven Software

(2)

Event as a Control Signal

(2)

State Machine or Combinational System?

(2)

Models of a Finite State Machine

(3)

Application-Based State Machine Models

(1)

State Machine Execution Models

100

(1)

Coding as a Universal Solution

101

(2)

Table-Driven Software to Reduce Coding Effort

103

(1)

Limits of the Coded Solutions

104

(1)

Recommended Reading

105

(2)

7 Misunderstandings about FSM

107

(16)

Historical Background

107

(1)

Software Systems

108

(6)

Event-Driven Model

109

(1)

Parser Problem

109

(1)

State Explosion

110

(2)

Signal Lifetime

112

(1)

State Machine Size

113

(1)

Interface between State Machines

114

(1)

A Flowchart Is Not a State Machine

114

(6)

Flowchart

114

(1)

Example

115

(3)

What Is a Flowchart For?

118

(2)

Inventions

120

(1)

Conclusions

121

(1)

Recommended Reading

122

(1)

8 Designing a State Machine

123

(22)

A State Machine Models Behavior

123

(1)

Mealy or Moore Models

124

(2)

Actions (Entry, Input, Exit, Transition)

126

(1)

Defining States

127

(1)

Acknowledgment Principle (Busy and Done States)

127

(2)

The Role of a Timer

129

(1)

Error States and Alarms

129

(3)

Completeness of the Design

132

(1)

Hiding Control Information

133

(1)

Example — Pedestrian Traffic Lights

133

(5)

The Requirements

133

(1)

The Specification

134

(3)

The Specification Must Be Understandable

137

(1)

Example — Pressure Supervision

138

(6)

The Requirements

138

(1)

The Specification

139

(3)

The Output Function

142

(1)

The State Transition Diagram

143

(1)

Conclusions

144

(1)

9 Systems of State Machines

145

Mastering Complexity

145

(1)

The Partitioning Criteria

146

(2)

The Communication Interface among State Machines

148

(2)

The Handshaking Rule

150

(1)

The (Hierarchical) Structure of the Control System

151

(1)

Design Procedure

152

(4)

Locality of the Control Problems

152

(1)

Up-Down or Bottom-Up Design

153

(1)

Deadlocks

154

(1)

Loops

154

(1)

Sins

155

(1)

Design Rules

156

(1)

Example — Pumps Supervision System

156

(12)

Task Definition

156

(1)

The First Approach

157

(2)

The Second Trial

159

(5)

The Ultimate Solution

164

(4)

Example — Traffic Light Control

168

(10)

Task Definition

168

(1)

"Obvious" Solution

169

(2)

The Ultimate Control

171

(1)

Light

172

(2)

TrafficLight

174

(1)

Flash

175

(1)

System for Two-Track Railway

176

(1)

Summary

177

(1)

Conclusions

178

(5)

Implementation

179

(1)

Designing a State Machine

179

(1)

Designing a System of State Machines

180

(3)

Part III StateWORKS: Principles and Practice

10 StateWORKS

183

(20)

Virtual Environment and Vfsm

183

(1)

The StateWORKS Development Environment

184

(13)

Positive Logic Algebra

184

(1)

The Vfsm Execution Model

185

(2)

Objects

187

(3)

State Machine Defines Object Control Values

190

(1)

Signal Lifetime

190

(1)

Behavior Specification

191

(6)

System Specification

197

(1)

The StateWORKS Execution Environment

197

(5)

RTDB-Based Runtime System

198

(1)

Output Function

199

(1)

I/O Handler

200

(1)

User Interface

201

(1)

Recommended Reading

202

(1)

11 Digital Input and Output

203

(6)

A Digital Input Has Three Control Values

203

(1)

Example

204

(1)

Setting and Clearing the Boolean Output Are Two Different Actions

204

(3)

DI and DO Properties

207

(1)

Recommended Reading

207

(2)

12 Other Inputs

209

(12)

Input Data (DAT)

209

(2)

Control Values

209

(1)

Example

210

(1)

Properties

211

(1)

Getting the Control Value (SWIP)

211

(3)

Actions

211

(1)

Control Values

212

(1)

Example

213

(1)

Properties

214

(1)

NI Object as an Extension of DAT Type

214

(1)

Control Values

214

(1)

Properties

214

(1)

PAR Object as a Specific Variant of DAT Type

215

(3)

Control Values

216

(1)

Properties

217

(1)

String (STR) as a Specific Variant of SWIP

218

(2)

Actions

218

(1)

Control Values

218

(1)

Example

219

(1)

Properties

220

(1)

Recommended Reading

220

(1)

13 Other Outputs

221

(8)

Output Data (NO)

221

(3)

Actions

221

(2)

Example

223

(1)

Properties

223

(1)

Output Demultiplexer (TAB)

224

(1)

Actions

225

(1)

Example

225

(1)

Alarms (AL)

225

(3)

Actions

225

(1)

Properties

226

(1)

Example

227

(1)

Recommended Reading

228

(1)

14 Counters

229

(10)

A Simple Counter (CNT)

229

(3)

Actions

229

(1)

Control Values

230

(1)

Example

231

(1)

Properties

232

(1)

An Event Counter (ECNT)

232

(2)

Example

233

(1)

Properties

233

(1)

A Timer (TI)

234

(1)

Properties

235

(1)

An Up/Down Counter (UDC)

235

(2)

Actions

235

(1)

Control Values

235

(1)

Properties

236

(1)

Example

236

(1)

Recommended Reading

237

(2)

15 VFSM and Its Interfaces

239

(12)

Virtual Finite State Machine Interfaces

239

(1)

A Virtual Finite State Machine (VFSM)

240

(2)

Hiding Specification Details

241

(1)

A Command (CMD)

242

(4)

Properties

246

(1)

An Interface to I/O Handler (UNIT)

246

(1)

An Interface to a User-Written Function (OFUN)

247

(2)

Example

248

(1)

Properties

248

(1)

Just XDA

249

(1)

Memory for OFUN

249

(1)

Internal Value as a Control Value

249

(1)

Recommended Reading

250

(1)

16 Debugging Vfsm

251

(10)

Testing a Vfsm Application

251

(1)

System Consistency

252

(1)

Trace

252

(2)

Debugging Mode (VFSM)

254

(1)

Command Files

255

(2)

Service Mode

257

(3)

The Role of Documentation

260

(1)

17 What Is StateWORKS?

261

(6)

Compared with Specification Methods

261

(1)

Compared with Agile Methods

262

(1)

Application Areas

262

(1)

Recommended Reading

263

(2)

Appendix A Case Studies

265

(2)

Appendix B Microwave Oven Control—Use of StateWORKS Development Tools

267

(8)

Topic

267

(1)

First Simple Solution

268

(1)

More Realistic Control

269

(1)

RTDB Objects

270

(2)

Yet Another Change

272

(1)

Conclusions

272

(1)

Demo

273

(2)

Appendix C Gas Control — Hierarchical System of State Machines

275

(8)

Topic

275

(1)

Flow Control

276

(1)

Monitoring the Pressure

277

(2)

Gas Control

279

(1)

Conclusions

280

(1)

Demo

281

(2)

Appendix D Dining Philosophers Problem

283

(4)

Example

283

(2)

Running the Example

285

(2)

Appendix E Going Beyond the Limitations of IEC 61131-3

287

(12)

Introduction

287

(1)

GRAVEL Example from IEC 61131 Document — Critical Analysis

287

(5)

A State Machine as a Replacement for Markers

292

(1)

GRAVEL Example as a State Machine

293

(4)

Conclusions

297

(1)

Testing with SWLab

298

(1)

Recommended Reading

298

(1)

Appendix F Traffic Light Control — Design of the Hardware Solution

299

(2)

Appendix G Coding Finite State Machine — Vending Machine Counter Example

301

(4)

Appendix H IOD File of the StandardUnit

305

(2)

Appendix I StateWORKS Projects

307

(6)

A Project

307

(1)

Specification of State Machines

308

(1)

Specification of UNITs

309

(1)

System Specification

309

(1)

Documentation

310

(1)

Testing with SWLab and Monitors

310

(1)

Documentation of Examples

311

(2)

Appendix J Vending Machine Counter Project

313

(2)

Appendix K Pedestrian Traffic Light Project

315

(4)

The System

315

(1)

The State Machine of Type Pedestrian

315

(1)

Testing with SWLab

316

(3)

Appendix L Pumps Supervision Project

319

(6)

The System

319

(1)

The Main State Machine

320

(1)

The State Machine of Type Pressure

320

(1)

The State Machine of Type Device

320

(3)

Testing with SWLab

323

(2)

Appendix M Output Function CalcLimits()

325

(4)

Appendix N Traffic Light Project

329

(6)

The System

329

(1)

The Flash State Machine

329

(1)

The TrafficLight State Machine

330

(1)

The Light State Machine

331

(2)

Testing with SWLab

333

(2)

Appendix O DI_DO Project

335

(4)

The Project

335

(1)

The State Machine Test_DI_DO

335

(1)

The State Machine Tank

336

(3)

Appendix P Other_Inputs Project

339

(6)

The Project

339

(1)

The State Machine Test_DAT

339

(1)

The State Machine Test_SWIP

340

(1)

The State Machine Test_STR

341

(4)

Appendix Q Other_Outputs Project

345

(6)

The Project

345

(1)

The State Machine Test_NO

345

(2)

Testing TAB Object

347

(1)

The State Machine Test_AL

348

(3)

Appendix R Counters Project

351

(6)

The Project

351

(1)

The State Machine Test_CNT

351

(3)

The State Machine Test_ECNT

354

(1)

The State Machine Test_UDC

355

(2)

Appendix S Attributes of RTDB Objects

357

(2)

Appendix T StateWORKS Tools and Components

359

(4)

StateWORKS Studio

359

(2)

State Machine Specification

359

(1)

UNIT Specification

360

(1)

String Resource Specification

360

(1)

Definition of Object Properties

360

(1)

Definition of System of State Machines

360

(1)

Building

360

(1)

Testing

361

(1)

StateWORKS Simulation

361

(1)

StateWORKS Monitors

361

(1)

StateWORKS Runtime Systems

362

(1)

Recommended Reading

362

(1)

Index

363

Please wait while the item is added to your bag...

FREE SHIPPING

Rent More, Save More! Use code: BBRENTAL

5% off 1 book, 7% off 2 books, 10% off 3+ books

Modeling Software with Finite State Machines: A Practical Approach

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

FREE SHIPPING

Rent More, Save More! Use code: BBRENTAL

5% off 1 book, 7% off 2 books, 10% off 3+ books

Modeling Software with Finite State Machines: A Practical Approach

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Digital License