Modern France 1880-2002

The concluding volume in the Short Oxford History of France series captures the essence of the huge transformations that have taken place in France since the late nineteenth century. In a set of thematic chapters drawing on recent research, a leading international team of historians has produced a genuine re-evaluation of modern French history.

James F. McMillan is Professor of History at the University of Edinburgh. He is the author of France and Women 1789-1914 (Routledge 2000), and Twentieth Century France (Arnold 1992).

General editor's preface

v

List of contributors

x

List of abbreviations

xii

Introduction: Republic and nation in the belle époque

1

(11)

James McMillan

The republican project

2

(3)

Alternative visions: the right, religion, and national identity

5

(3)

The state, society, and culture

8

(4)

1 Consolidating the Republic: politics 1880-1914

12

(27)

James McMillan

The political system

13

(2)

The Republic of Grévy and Ferry, 1880-1885

15

(3)

The Boulangist crisis, 1885-1889

18

(3)

The ralliement, Panama, and the Franco-Russian alliance

21

(2)

The rise of socialism

23

(2)

The `Dreyfus Revolution'

25

(4)

A radical Republic? Clemenceau, Briand, and the class struggle, 1906-1910

29

(6)

Feminism and the search for female citizenship

35

(2)

Conclusion

37

(2)

2 The Republic in crisis: politics 1914-1945

39

(35)

Kevin Passmore

Politics, elites, and society

40

(3)

The Great War and the Union Sacrée

43

(4)

The right, 1919-1933

47

(5)

The left, 1919-1933

52

(5)

The Republic in crisis

57

(2)

The Popular Front

59

(6)

Vichy

65

(3)

The resistance

68

(4)

Conclusion

72

(2)

3 The Fifth Republic as parenthesis? Politics since 1945

74

(29)

Richard Vinen

The Fourth Republic, 1946-1958: notable politics

76

(7)

De Gaulle's Republic

83

(5)

1968

88

(2)

Politics after de Gaulle

90

(11)

Conclusion: a Sixth Republic?

101

(2)

4 France, Europe, and the world: international politics since 1880

103

(24)

David Watson

Introduction

103

(2)

Towards war: 1880-1914

105

(3)

From the Great War to defeat: 1914-1940

108

(7)

From defeat to recovery: 1940-1969

115

(9)

Gaullism by other means: French policy since 1969

124

(3)

5 The transformation of society

127

(23)

John Horne

Peculiarities of the French economy

127

(8)

The rise of the worker

135

(2)

The post-war boom

137

(2)

Revolution in rural France

139

(3)

The evolution of the bourgeoisie

142

(4)

An exceptional trajectory?

146

(4)

6 Women: distant vistas, changed lives

150

(23)

Siân Reynolds

1880-1914: peasants into Frenchwomen?

151

(6)

1914-1964: one step forward, two steps back-dramatic but reversible changes

157

(7)

c.1964-2000's: Beauvoir's adopted daughters? Change dramatic and irreversible

164

(6)

Conclusion

170

(3)

7 Culture and the intellectuals

173

(30)

Robert Tombs

Introduction

173

(3)

The belle époque and the birth of the intellectual, 1890-1914

176

(6)

The First World War and its aftermath

182

(4)

Between the wars: from the années folles to the années noires

186

(5)

The dark years: escapism and engagement

191

(2)

The time of the intellectuals, 1945-1989

193

(7)

French culture and the world, since c.1990

200

(3)

8 Religion, anticlericalism, and secularization

203

(25)

Maurice Larkin

1880-1914: confrontation

206

(7)

1914-1940: a compromise of sorts

213

(4)

1940-1960: a narrow escape-and unexpected prizes

217

(4)

1960-2002: a Christian burial?

221

(7)

Conclusion: France in the twenty-first century

228

(6)

James McMillan

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Modern France 1880-2002

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials