Modern Politics and Government Seventh Edition

This substantially revised seventh edition of a classic text includes a new chapter on globalization and regionalization and broader coverage of democratic politics, interests and movements; of the media; of social and cultural influences on political behaviour and of public management. It has been systematically revised and updated throughout in the accessible down-to-earth style that has made it such a popular student choice for over 30 years.

Alan R. Ball was formerly Principal Lecturer in Politics, University of Portsmouth.

B. Guy Peters is Maurice Falk Professor of Government, University of Pittsburgh.

List of Tables

x

Preface

xi

PART I THE NATURE OF POLITICS

The Study of Politics

3

(22)

The problem of boundaries

4

(2)

The search for a paradigm

6

(9)

Traditional approaches

7

(3)

Comparative studies

10

(2)

Transitional approaches

12

(3)

Further developments

15

(6)

Systems analysis

16

(2)

Other theoretical developments

18

(3)

Political studies and practical politics

21

(2)

Conclusion

23

(2)

Politics, Power and Authority

25

(19)

Sources of political conflict

28

(2)

Means of reconciling political conflict

30

(2)

Political power

32

(3)

Political authority and influence

35

(2)

Distribution of power

37

(6)

Pluralism

38

(2)

Elitism

40

(1)

Marxism

41

(1)

Corporatism

42

(1)

Conclusion

43

(1)

Classification of Governments

44

(21)

Aims of classification

44

(5)

Problems of classification

49

(2)

Systems of classification

51

(7)

Classification of political structures

58

(5)

Conclusion

63

(2)

Political Culture

65

(24)

The nature of a political culture

65

(3)

Foundations of political culture

68

(6)

Key aspects of a political culture

74

(3)

Symbols and political culture

77

(2)

Development of a political culture

79

(2)

Political socialization

81

(1)

Agencies of socialization

82

(4)

Socialization and the political system

86

(1)

Conclusion

87

(2)

Globalization and the Influence of International Politics

89

(22)

The international environment

90

(1)

Economic globalization

91

(4)

Political globalization

95

(3)

Policy globalization and regimes

98

(5)

Military globalization

103

(1)

Cultural globalization

104

(2)

Conclusion

106

(5)

PART II PARTIES, PRESSURE GROUPS AND REPRESENTATION

Political Parties and Electoral Systems

111

(28)

Definition

112

(1)

Functions of political parties

113

(6)

Party structure

119

(4)

Determinants of party structure

123

(3)

Party systems

126

(4)

Change and party systems

130

(2)

Electoral systems and political parties

132

(4)

The crisis of political parties

136

(2)

Conclusion

138

(1)

Pressure Groups

139

(21)

Pressure-group analysis

140

(4)

Determinants of pressure-group methods

144

(6)

Levels of pressure-group activity

150

(4)

Determinants of pressure-group influence

154

(3)

Interest groups and social capital

157

(2)

Conclusion

159

(1)

Representation, Elections and Voting Behaviour

160

(27)

Theories of representation

161

(2)

Liberal democratic theories of representation

163

(3)

Collectivist theories of representation

166

(1)

Functions of elections

167

(3)

Voting behaviour

170

(10)

Turnout

172

(1)

Choosing political parties

172

(8)

The role of the mass media

180

(4)

Conclusion

184

(3)

PART III STRUCTURES OF GOVERNMENT

Assemblies

187

(22)

The nature of assemblies

188

(2)

Assembly--executive relations

190

(6)

Legislative functions

196

(3)

Representative functions

199

(1)

Internal organization

200

(4)

Second chambers

204

(3)

Conclusion: the decline of assemblies?

207

(2)

The Political Executive

209

(21)

The executive and the bureaucracy

209

(3)

Chief executives

212

(5)

Origins and stability of chief executives

217

(3)

Functions and powers of chief executives

220

(2)

Chief executives and the political process

222

(3)

Cabinets

225

(4)

Conclusion

229

(1)

The Public Bureaucracy

230

(21)

Scope of government administration

230

(3)

Structure

233

(2)

Functions

235

(5)

Control of the bureaucracy

240

(4)

Recruitment and training

244

(3)

Changing the bureaucracy

247

(3)

Conclusion

250

(1)

Courts and the Political Process

251

(18)

The nature of law and the political process

254

(3)

Legal structure and recruitment

257

(4)

Functions of the judiciary

261

(5)

Control of the judiciary

266

(2)

Conclusion

268

(1)

The Military and Politics

269

(22)

Characteristics of the military

270

(3)

Limited interference in the political process

273

(4)

Direct interference

277

(3)

Military control

280

(6)

Conclusion

286

(5)

PART IV POLITICAL CHANGE

Change in Political Systems

291

(23)

Problems of analysis

291

(3)

Political stability

294

(3)

Political change

297

(1)

Causes of political change

298

(8)

Economic and social factors

299

(1)

War and foreign intervention

300

(1)

Effectiveness of government

301

(1)

Individuals, groups and political elites

302

(2)

Political ideologies

304

(2)

The East European revolutions, 1989

306

(3)

Retrograde political change?

309

(1)

Change in industrialized democracies

310

(2)

Conclusion

312

(2)

Bibliography

314

(18)

Index

332

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