Modern Welding

, by Althouse, Andrew D.; Turnquist, Carl H.; Bowditch, William A.; Bowditch, Kevin E.; Bowditch, Mark A.

Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.

ISBN: 9781566379878 | 1566379873
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 12/1/2003

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Summary

Supplemental Materials

Comprehensive text that has long been the standard for teaching the theory, fundamentals, equipment, and techniques of welding technology.

PART 1 Welding Fundamentals

Chapter 1 Safety in the Welding Shop

1.1 Accidents

(1)

1.2 General Shop Safety

(4)

1.3 Safety in the Welding Environment

(2)

1.4 Oxyfuel Gas Welding and Cutting Safety

(2)

1.5 Arc Welding and Cutting Safety

(3)

1.6 Resistance Welding Safety

(1)

1.7 Safety around Welding Robots

(1)

1.8 Special Welding Process Safety

(1)

Safety Test (General Shop Safety)

(1)

Safety Test (Oxyfuel Gas Welding and Cutting)

(1)

Safety Test (Arc Welding and Cutting)

(1)

Safety Test (Resistance and Special Welding Processes)

(2)

Chapter 2 Print Reading

2.1 Types of Drawings

(1)

2.2 Orthographic Projection

(1)

2.3 Views

(1)

2.4 Using a Working Drawing

(1)

2.5 Types of Lines Used on a Drawing

(1)

2.6 Drawings Made to a Scale

(1)

2.7 The Title Block

(2)

Test Your Knowledge

(2)

Chapter 3 Reading Welding Symbols

3.1 Basic Welding Joints

(1)

3.2 The Welding Symbol

(5)

3.3 The Reference Line, Arrowhead, and Tail

(1)

3.4 Weld Symbols

(1)

3.5 The Arrow Side and Other Side

(1)

3.6 Root Opening and Groove Angle

(1)

3.7 Contour and Finish Symbols

(1)

3.8 Depth of Bevel, Size or Strength, and Groove Weld Size

(1)

3.9 Length and Pitch of the Weld

(3)

3.10 Backing Welds and Melt-Through Symbols

3.11 Weld-All-Around and Field Weld Symbols

3.12 Multiple Reference Lines

(1)

3.13 Plug and Spot Welds

(1)

3.14 Spot Welds

(1)

3.15 Seam Welds

(2)

3.16 Review of Welding Symbols

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

(4)

Chapter 4 Welding and Cutting Processes

4.1 Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)

(1)

4.2 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)

(1)

4.3 Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)

(1)

4.4 Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW)

(1)

4.5 Shielded Metal Arc Cutting (SMAC)

(1)

4.6 Plasma Arc Cutting (PAC)

(1)

4.7 Air Carbon Arc Cutting (CAC-A)

(1)

4.8 Oxygen Arc Cutting (OAC)

(1)

4.9 Gas Tungsten Arc Cutting (GTAC)

(1)

4.10 Exothermic (Ultrathermic) Cutting

(1)

4.11 Oxyacetylene Welding (OAW)

(2)

4.12 Oxyfuel Gas Cutting (OFC)

(4)

4.13 Torch Soldering (TS)

(1)

4.14 Torch Brazing (TB)

(2)

4.15 Resistance SpotWelding (RSW)

(1)

4.16 Projection Welding (PW)

(1)

4.17 Resistance Seam Welding (RSEW)

(1)

4.18 Flash Welding (FW)

(1)

4.19 Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)

(1)

4.20 Electroslag Welding (ESW)

(1)

4.21 Arc Stud Welding (SW)

(1)

4.22 Cold Welding (CW)

(1)

4.23 Explosion Welding (EXW)

(1)

4.24 Forge Welding (FOW)

(1)

4.25 Friction Welding (FRW)

(1)

4.26 Friction Stir Welding (FSW)

(1)

4.27 Ultrasonic Welding (USW)

(1)

4.28 Laser Beam Welding (LBW)

(1)

4.29 Electron Beam Welding (EBW)

(1)

4.30 Torch Plastic Welding

(1)

4.31 Oxygen Lance Cutting (OLC)

(1)

4.32 Oxyfuel Gas Underwater Cutting (OFC)

(1)

4.33 Flux Cutting (OC-F)

(1)

4.34 Steel Temperature and Color Relationships

(2)

4.35 Welding and Allied Processes

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

(3)

PART 2 Shielded Metal Arc Welding

Chapter 5 Shielded Metal Arc Welding Equipment and Supplies

5.1 Arc Welding Power Source Classifications

(1)

5.2 Constant Current Power Sources

100

(13)

5.3 NEMA Arc Welding Power Source Classifications

113

(1)

5.4 Welding Leads

114

(4)

5.5 SMAW Electrodes

118

(2)

5.6 Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Covered Electrode Classification

120

(4)

5.7 Nonferrous Electrode Classifications

124

(1)

5.8 Electrode Care

125

(1)

5.9 Power Source Remote Controls

125

(1)

5.10 Weld-Cleaning Equipment

125

(1)

5.11 Shields and Helmets

125

(3)

5.12 Special Arc Welder Clothing

128

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

129

(2)

Chapter 6 Shielded Metal Arc Welding

6.1 Direct Current (dc) Arc Welding Fundamentals

131

(2)

6.2 DCEN and DCSP Fundamentals

133

(1)

6.3 Alternating Current (ac) Arc Welding Fundamentals

134

(3)

6.4 Selecting an Arc Welding Machine

137

(2)

6.5 Starting, Stopping, and Adjusting the Arc Welding Power Source for SMAW

139

(8)

6.6 DC Arc Blow

147

(1)

6.7 Arc Welded Joint Designs

148

(13)

6.8 Review of Safety in SMAW

161

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

162

(3)

PART 3 Gas Tungsten and Gas Metal Arc Welding

Chapter 7 GTAW and GMAW Equipment and Supplies

7.1 The Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Station

165

(1)

7.2 Arc Welding Power Sources for GTAW

166

(2)

7.3 Balanced and Unbalanced AC Waves

168

(2)

7.4 Shielding Gases Used with GTAW

170

(3)

7.5 Electrode Leads and Hoses Used for GTAW

173

(1)

7.6 GTAW Torches

174

(4)

7.7 Tungsten Electrodes

178

(1)

7.8 Filler Metals Used with GTAW

179

(1)

7.9 The Gas Metal Arc Welding Station

179

(2)

7.10 Arc Welding Power Sources for GMAW

181

(2)

7.11 Wire Feeders Used with GMAW

183

(1)

7.12 GMAW Shielding Gases

184

(2)

7.13 The GMAW Welding Gun

186

(3)

7.14 GMAW Electrodes

189

(1)

7.15 Smoke-Extracting Systems

190

(1)

7.16 Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW)

190

(2)

7.17 The Flux Cored Arc Welding Station

192

(2)

7.18 Flux Cored Arc Welding Electrode Wire

194

(1)

7.19 Accessory Devices

195

(3)

7.20 Filter Lenses for Use when Gas-Shielded Arc Welding

198

(1)

7.21 Protective Clothing

198

(1)

7.22 Safety Review

199

(2)

Test Your Knowledge

201

(3)

Chapter 8 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding

8.1 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Principles

204

(3)

8.2 GTAW Power Sources

207

(1)

8.3 Setting up the GTAW Station

207

(13)

8.4 Preparing Metal for Welding

220

(1)

8.5 Methods of Starting the Arc

220

(1)

8.6 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Techniques

221

(1)

8.7 Shutting Down the GTAW Station

222

(1)

8.8 Welding Joints in the Flat Welding Position

222

(2)

8.9 Welding Joints in the Horizontal Welding Position

224

(2)

8.10 Welding Joints in the Vertical Welding Position

226

(1)

8.11 Welding Joints in the Overhead Welding Position

226

(1)

8.12 Semiautomatic Welding

227

(1)

8.13 Automatic and Mechanized GTAW

228

(2)

8.14 GTAW Troubleshooting Guide

230

(1)

8.15 GTAW Safety

230

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

230

(3)

Chapter 9 Gas Metal Arc Welding

9.1 Gas Metal Arc Welding Principles

233

(4)

9.2 GMAW Power Sources

237

(1)

9.3 Setting up the GMAW Station

238

(14)

9.4 Preparing Metal for Welding

252

(1)

9.5 Electrode Extension

252

(1)

9.6 Welding Procedures

253

(1)

9.7 Shutting down the Station

254

(1)

9.8 Welding Joints in the Flat Welding Position

255

(2)

9.9 Welding Joints in the Horizontal Welding Position

257

(1)

9.10 Welding Joints in the Vertical Welding Position

258

(1)

9.11 Welding Joints in the Overhead Welding Position

259

(1)

9.12 Automatic GMAW and FCAW

260

(1)

9.13 Gas Metal Arc Spot Welding

261

(1)

9.14 GMAW Troubleshooting Guide

262

(1)

9.15 GMAW and FCAW Safety

262

(2)

Test Your Knowledge

264

(3)

PART 4 Arc Cutting

Chapter 10 Plasma Arc Cutting

10.1 Plasma Arc Cutting Principles

267

(1)

10.2 Plasma Arc Cutting Equipment and Supplies

267

(2)

10.3 Plasma and Shielding Gases

269

(2)

10.4 Setting Up the PAC Station

271

(1)

10.5 Safety Equipment

271

(2)

10.6 Preparing to Cut

273

(1)

10.7 Cutting Procedure

273

(2)

10.8 Cutting Quality

275

(1)

10.9 Plasma Arc Gouging

276

(1)

10.10 Shutting Down the PAC Station

277

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

277

(2)

Chapter 11 Arc and Oxygen Arc Cutting Equipment and Processes

11.1 Air Carbon Arc Cutting (CAC-A) Equipment

279

(3)

11.2 Air Carbon Arc Cutting and Gouging

282

(2)

11.3 Exothermic Cutting Equipment and Supplies

284

(1)

11.4 Exothermic Cutting, Gouging, and Piercing

285

(4)

11.5 Oxygen Arc Cutting (OAC) Equipment

289

(1)

11.6 Oxygen Arc Cutting and Gouging

289

(2)

11.7 Shielded Metal Arc Cutting (SMAC) Electrodes

291

(1)

11.8 Shielded Metal Arc Cutting and Gouging

292

(1)

11.9 Gas Metal Arc (GMAC) and Gas Tungsten Arc (GTAC) Cutting Principles

293

(1)

11.10 Carbon Arc Cutting (CAC) and Gouging Equipment

294

(1)

11.11 Carbon Arc Cutting and Gouging

294

(1)

11.12 Safety Review: Arc Cutting

295

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

296

(3)

PART 5 Oxyfuel Gas Processes

Chapter 12 Oxyfuel Gas Welding Equipment and Supplies

12.1 Complete Oxyfuel Gas Welding Outfit

299

(2)

12.2 Oxygen Supply

301

(5)

12.3 Acetylene Supply

306

(4)

12.4 Pressure Regulator Principles

310

(9)

12.5 Welding Hose

319

(1)

12.6 Oxyacetylene Torch Types

320

(4)

12.7 Air-Acetylene Torch

324

(1)

12.8 Welding Goggles and Protective Clothing

324

(2)

12.9 Torch Lighters and Economizers

326

(1)

12.10 Oxyfuel Gas Welding Supplies

327

(5)

Test Your Knowledge

332

(3)

Chapter 13 Oxyfuel Gas Welding

13.1 Definition of Welding

335

(1)

13.2 Soldering and Brazing

335

(1)

13.3 Different Types of Welding and Cutting

335

(1)

13.4 Oxyfuel Gas Welding

336

(1)

13.5 The Oxyfuel Gas Welding Outfit

337

(10)

13.6 Torch Positions and Movements

347

(1)

13.7 Running a Continuous Weld Pool

348

(4)

13.8 Butt Joint Welding

352

(2)

13.9 Lap Joint Welding

354

(1)

13.10 Outside Corner Joint Welding

355

(1)

13.11 Inside Corner and T-Joint Welding

355

(3)

13.12 Welding Positions

358

(4)

13.13 Appearance of a Good Weld

362

(3)

13.14 Safety in Oxyfuel Gas Welding

365

(4)

Test Your Knowledge of Safety

369

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

370

(1)

Chapter 14 Oxyfuel Gas Cutting Equipment and Supplies

14.1 Complete Portable Oxyfuel Gas Cutting Outfit

371

(1)

14.2 The Cylinder Truck

372

(1)

14.3 Regulators for Oxyfuel Gas Cutting

372

(1)

14.4 The Cutting Torch

372

(4)

14.5 Torch Guides

376

(3)

14.6 Multiple Torches

379

(2)

Test Your Knowledge

381

(2)

Chapter 15 Oxyfuel Gas Cutting

15.1 The Heat of Combustion of Steel

383

(1)

15.2 Oxyfuel Gas Cutting Process

383

(1)

15.3 Cutting Outfit

384

(1)

15.4 Cutting Torch

385

(4)

15.5 Using a Cutting Torch

389

(3)

15.6 Cutting Steel with the Oxyfuel Gas Cutting Torch

392

(6)

15.7 Cutting Ferrous Alloy Metals

398

(1)

15.8 Cutting Cast Iron

399

(1)

15.9 Automatic Cutting

399

(1)

15.10 Safety in Oxyfuel Gas Cutting

400

(1)

Test your Knowledge

401

(2)

Chapter 16 Soldering

16.1 Soldering Principles

403

(2)

16.2 Solder Alloys

405

(3)

16.3 Soldering Fluxes

408

(1)

16.4 Soldering Procedures

409

(3)

16.5 Soldering Iron Method

412

(1)

16.6 Torch Soldering Method

412

(3)

16.7 Dip Soldering Method

415

(1)

16.8 Wave Soldering

415

(2)

16.9 Oven and Infrared Soldering

417

(1)

16.10 Resistance and Induction Soldering

418

(1)

16.11 Stainless Steel Soldering

418

(1)

16.12 Soldering Aluminum Alloys

418

(1)

16.13 Soldering Die Castings

419

(1)

16.14 Testing and Inspecting Soldered Joints

419

(1)

16.15 Review of Soldering Safety Practice

419

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

420

(1)

Chapter 17 Brazing and Braze Welding

17.1 Brazing and Braze Welding Principles

421

(1)

17.2 Joint Designs for Brazing and Braze Welding

422

(1)

17.3 Cleaning Base Metals Prior to Brazing or Braze Welding

422

(1)

17.4 Brazing and Braze Welding Fluxes

423

(6)

17.5 Brazing Filler Metal Alloys

429

(5)

17.6 Brazing and Braze Welding Processes

434

(8)

17.7 Heat-Resistant Brazed Joints

442

(1)

17.8 Safety Practices for Brazing and Braze Welding

442

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

443

(2)

PART 6 Resistance Welding

Chapter 18 Resistance Welding Equipment and Supplies

18.1 Electric Resistance Welding Machines

445

(1)

18.2 Transformers

446

(3)

18.3 Force Systems

449

(1)

18.4 Controllers

450

(2)

18.5 Contactors

452

(2)

18.6 Spot Welding Electrodes

454

(3)

18.7 Electrode Holder

457

(1)

18.8 Spot Welding Machines

457

(3)

18.9 Projection Welding Equipment

460

(1)

18.10 Portable Welding Machines

460

(1)

18.11 Seam Welding Machines

461

(1)

18.12 Upset and Flash Welding Machines

462

(2)

18.13 Special Resistance Welding Machines

464

(1)

18.14 Care of Resistance Welding Equipment

464

(1)

18.15 Parallel Gap Resistance Spot Welding

465

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

466

(1)

Chapter 19 Resistance Welding

19.1 Principles of Resistance Welding

467

(1)

19.2 Resistance Spot Welding (RSW)

468

(9)

19.3 Projection Welding (PW)

477

(1)

19.4 Resistance Seam Welding (RSEW)

477

(1)

19.5 Upset Welding (UW)

477

(1)

19.6 Flash Welding (FW)

478

(2)

19.7 Percussion Welding (PEW)

480

(1)

19.8 High-Frequency Resistance Welding

481

(1)

19.9 Feedback Control

481

(1)

19.10 Review of Safety in Resistance Welding

481

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

482

(3)

PART 7 Special Processes

Chapter 20 Special Welding Processes

20.1 Special Welding Processes

485

(1)

20.2 Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)

485

(3)

20.3 Electrogas Welding (EGW)

488

(1)

20.4 Narrow Groove Welding

489

(1)

20.5 Arc Stud Welding (SW)

490

(2)

20.6 Arc Spot Welding

492

(1)

20.7 Plasma Arc Welding (PAW)

493

(3)

20.8 Underwater Shielded Metal Arc Welding

496

(1)

20.9 Solid-State Welding (SSW)

497

(1)

20.10 Cold Welding (CW)

497

(1)

20.11 Explosion Welding (EXW)

498

(1)

20.12 Forge Welding (FOW)

498

(1)

20.13 Friction Welding (FRW)

499

(1)

20.14 Friction Stir Welding (FSW)

500

(2)

20.15 Ultrasonic Welding (USW)

502

(1)

20.16 Other Welding Processes

503

(1)

20.17 Electroslag Welding (ESW)

504

(2)

20.18 Thermite Welding (TW)

506

(2)

20.19 Electron Beam Welding (EBW)

508

(1)

20.20 Laser Beam Welding (LBW)

509

(3)

20.21 Self-Generating Oxyhydrogen Gas Welding (OFW)

512

(1)

20.22 Review of Safety

513

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

514

(1)

Chapter 21 Special Ferrous Welding Applications

21.1 Ferrous Metals and Alloys

515

(1)

21.2 Welding Medium- and High-Carbon Steels

515

(2)

21.3 Welding Alloy Steels

517

(1)

21.4 Welding Chrome-Molybdenum Steels

517

(3)

21.5 Nickel-Based Alloys

520

(1)

21.6 Welding Precoated Steels

520

(1)

21.7 Welding Managing Steels

520

(1)

21.8 Stainless Steels

521

(2)

21.9 Welding Dissimilar Ferrous Metals

523

(3)

21.10 Welding Cast Iron

526

(2)

Test Your Knowledge

528

(1)

Chapter 22 Special Nonferrous Welding Applications

22.1 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys

529

(1)

22.2 Aluminum

529

(1)

22.3 Preparing Aluminum for Welding

530

(2)

22.4 Arc Welding Wrought Aluminum

532

(2)

22.5 Welding Magnesium

534

(1)

22.6 Welding Die Castings

534

(1)

22.7 Copper and Copper Alloys

535

(3)

22.8 Titanium

538

(3)

22.9 Welding Zirconium

541

(1)

22.10 Welding Beryllium

541

(1)

22.11 Welding Dissimilar Metals

541

(1)

22.12 Plastics

541

(3)

Test Your Knowledge

544

(1)

Chapter 23 Pipe and Tube Welding

23.1 Types of Pipe

545

(2)

23.2 Types of Tubing

547

(2)

23.3 Preparing Pipe Joints for Welding

549

(2)

23.4 Arc Welding Pipe Joints

551

(4)

23.5 GTAW and GMAW Pipe Joints

555

(1)

23.6 Welding Tube Joints Using SMAW

555

(2)

23.7 Welding Tube Joints Using GMAW and GTAW

557

(1)

23.8 Heat Treating Pipe and Tube Welded Joints

558

(1)

23.9 Inspecting Pipe and Tube Welds

559

(1)

23.10 Hot Shortness

560

(1)

23.11 Weld Backing Rings

560

(1)

23.12 Welding Plastic Pipe

561

(1)

23.13 Review of Safety in Pipe and Tube Welding

562

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

563

(2)

Chapter 24 Special Cutting Processes

24.1 Oxygen Lance Cutting (OLC)

565

(1)

24.2 Oxyfuel Gas Cutting (OFC) Underwater

566

(2)

24.3 Oxygen Arc Underwater Cutting (OAC)

568

(2)

24.4 Metal Powder Cutting (OC-P)

570

(3)

24.5 Chemical Flux Cutting (OC-F)

573

(1)

24.6 Laser Beam Cutting (LBC)

574

(1)

24.7 Water Jet Cutting

575

(1)

24.8 Review of Safety in Special Cutting Processes

575

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

576

(1)

Chapter 25 Automatic and Robotic Welding

25.1 Advantages of Automatic Welding

577

(1)

25.2 Feedback Controls

578

(5)

25.3 Automatic Welding Processes

583

(1)

25.4 Introduction to Robots

584

(8)

25.5 Review of Safety Practices in Automatic and Robotic Welding

592

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

593

(2)

Chapter 26 Metal Surfacing

26.1 Principles of Surfacing

595

(2)

26.2 Selection of a Surfacing Process

597

(4)

26.3 Principles of Flame Spraying

601

(4)

26.4 Electric Arc Spray Surfacing

605

(2)

26.5 Detonation Spraying

607

(1)

26.6 Plasma Arc Spraying Process

608

(1)

26.7 Surface Preparation

609

(1)

26.8 Selecting Thermal Spray Surfacing Material

610

(1)

26.9 Testing and Inspecting Thermal Surfacings

610

(1)

26.10 Review of Surfacing Safety

610

(2)

Test Your Knowledge

612

(3)

PART 8 Metal Technology

Chapter 27 Production of Metals

27.1 Manufacturing Iron and Steel

615

(3)

27.2 Steelmaking Methods

618

(14)

27.3 Manufacturing Copper

632

(1)

27.4 Manufacturing Copper Alloys, Brass, and Bronze

632

(1)

27.5 Manufacturing Aluminum

633

(1)

27.6 Manufacturing Zinc

634

(1)

27.7 Processing Metals

634

(2)

27.8 Review of Safety

636

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

636

(1)

Chapter 28 Metal Properties and Identification

28.1 Iron and Steel

637

(3)

28.2 Cooling Curves

640

(1)

28.3 Iron-Carbon Diagram

641

(1)

28.4 Identification of Iron and Steel

642

(4)

28.5 Identification of Iron and Steel Alloys

646

(2)

28.6 Numbering Systems for Steels

648

(2)

28.7 Nonferrous Metals

650

(2)

28.8 Hard Surfacing Metals

652

(1)

28.9 Soft Surfacing Metals

652

(1)

28.10 Newer Metals

652

(1)

28.11 Review of Safety

653

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

653

(2)

Chapter 29 Heat Treatment of Metals

29.1 The Purposes of Heat Treatment

655

(2)

29.2 Carbon Content of Steel

657

(1)

29.3 Crystalline Structure of Steel

658

(2)

29.4 Annealing Steel

660

(1)

29.5 Normalizing Steel

660

(1)

29.6 Quenching and Tempering Steel

660

(1)

29.7 Thermal Stress Relieving

661

(1)

29.8 Spheroidizing

662

(1)

29.9 Hardening Steel

662

(3)

29.10 Heat Treating Tool Steels

665

(1)

29.11 Heat Treating Alloy Steels

665

(1)

29.12 Heat Treating Cast Irons

665

(1)

29.13 Heat Treating Copper

666

(1)

29.14 Heat Treating Aluminum

666

(1)

29.15 Temperature Measurements

667

(2)

29.16 Review of Safety

669

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

669

(2)

PART 9 Professional Welding

Chapter 30 Inspecting and Testing Welds

30.1 Nondestructive Examination (NDE)

671

(1)

30.2 Destructive Tests

672

(1)

30.3 Visual Inspection (VT)

672

(1)

30.4 Magnetic Particle Inspection (MT)

673

(1)

30.5 Liquid Penetrant Inspection (PT)

674

(2)

30.6 Ultrasonic Testing (UT)

676

(1)

30.7 Eddy Current Inspection (ET)

676

(1)

30.8 X-Ray Inspection (RT)

677

(1)

30.9 Inspecting Welds Using Pneumatic or Hydrostatic Pressure

677

(1)

30.10 Bend Tests

678

(2)

30.11 Tensile Test

680

(2)

30.12 Laboratory Methods of Testing Welds

682

(1)

30.13 Impact Tests

683

(1)

30.14 Hardness Testing

683

(3)

30.15 Microscopic Method of Testing Welds

686

(1)

30.16 Macroscopic Method of Testing Welds

687

(1)

30.17 Chemical Analysis Method of Testing Welds

688

(1)

30.18 The Peel Test

688

(1)

30.19 Review of Safety

689

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

689

(2)

Chapter 31 Procedures and Welder Qualifications

31.1 Welding Codes

691

(1)

31.2 Importance of Codes and Specifications

692

(1)

31.3 Welding Procedure Specifications

692

(4)

31.4 Welder Performance Qualifications

696

(2)

31.5 Methods of Testing Specimens

698

(9)

Test Your Knowledge

707

(2)

Chapter 32 The Welding Shop

32.1 Welding Shop Design

709

(1)

32.2 Welding Shop Equipment

709

(1)

32.3 Air Ventilation and Conditioning Equipment

710

(1)

32.4 Mechanical Metal Cutting Equipment

710

(3)

32.5 Metal-Forming Equipment

713

(1)

32.6 Furnaces

713

(2)

32.7 Overhead Crane

715

(1)

32.8 Jigs and Fixtures

715

(3)

32.9 Power Tools

718

(1)

32.10 Blast Cleaning Equipment

719

(1)

32.11 Welding Shop Tools

720

(1)

32.12 Welding Shop Supplies

720

(1)

32.13 Weld Test Equipment

721

(1)

32.14 Repair of Welding Equipment

721

(1)

32.15 Welding Shop Policy

721

(1)

32.16 Review of Safety

722

(1)

Test Your Knowledge

723

(2)

Chapter 33 Getting and Holding a Job in the Welding Industry

33.1 The Future of the Welding Industry

725

(1)

33.2 Welding Occupations and the Education Required

725

(1)

33.3 School Subjects Suggested for Success

726

(1)

33.4 Personal Traits Sought by Employers

727

(1)

33.5 Academic Skills Sought by Employers

728

(1)

33.6 Personal Management Skills Sought by Employers

728

(1)

33.7 Applying for a Job

728

(1)

33.8 Factors that Lead to Rejection for Employment

728

(1)

33.9 Factors that Can Lead to Termination from a Job

728

(2)

Test Your Knowledge

730

(1)

Chapter 34 Technical Data

34.1 The Effect of Temperature on Cylinder Pressure

731

(1)

34.2 The Effect of Hose Diameter and Length on Gas Flow and Pressure at the Torch

732

(1)

34.3 Flame Characteristics

733

(1)

34.4 The Chemistry of Oxyacetylene Gas Welding

733

(1)

34.5 Chemical Cleaning and Pickling Solutions

733

(1)

34.6 Thermit Reaction Chemistry

734

(1)

34.7 Blast Furnace Operations

734

(1)

34.8 Properties of Metals

734

(1)

34.9 Stresses Caused by Welding

734

(2)

34.10 Wire and Sheet Metal Gages

736

(1)

34.11 Judging Temperature by Color

736

(1)

34.12 Drill Sets and Sizes

737

(1)

34.13 Tapping a Thread

738

(1)

34.14 Metric Practices for Welding

738

(2)

34.15 Temperature Scales

740

(1)

34.16 Physics of Energy, Temperature, and Heat

740

(2)

34.17 Health Hazards

742

(3)

Test Your Knowledge

745

(2)

Glossary of Welding Terms

747

(14)

Acknowledgements

761

(2)

Appendix Correlation to AWS Standard QC-10, Specification for Qualification and Certification of Entry Level Welders

763

(6)

Index

769

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Modern Welding

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials