Morality in Practice (with InfoTrac)

This is a leading topically-organized reader covering a number of critical contemporary issues. It provides very broad coverage of topics and opinions, drawing on current journalism as well as philosophy. Each chapter covers a different area of moral concern and contains readings covering alternative views as well as practical applications. Introductions to each section provide background for each issue as well as discussion of the ethical theory behind the readings.

James P. Sterba is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame

Preface

ix

General Introduction

1

(16)

Section I The Distribution of Income and Wealth

17

(54)

Introduction

17

(6)

The Libertarian Manifesto

23

(9)

John Hospers

Radical Egalitarianism

32

(10)

Kai Nielson

A Social Contract Perspective

42

(12)

John Rawls

From Liberty to Equality

54

(7)

James P. Sterba

Supreme Court of the United States / Wyman, Commissioner of New York Department of Social Services v. James

61

(3)

Supreme Court of the United States / Plyler v. Doe

64

(7)

Section II Near and Distant Peoples

71

(40)

Introduction

74

(3)

Lifeboat Ethics: The Case against Helping the Poor

77

(7)

Garrett Hardin

The Solution to World Poverty

84

(4)

Peter Singer

Impartiality, Beneficence, and Friendship

88

(5)

Lawrence Blum

Morality, Parents, and Children

93

(8)

James Rachels

The Food-Aid Racket

101

(3)

Michael Maren

Some Moral Dilemmas of Humanitarian Aid

104

(7)

Mary B. Anderson

Section III Abortion and Euthanasia

111

(60)

Introduction

111

(6)

A Defense of Abortion

117

(8)

Judith Jarvis Thomson

Why Abortion is Immoral

125

(4)

Don Marquis

On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion

129

(10)

Mary Anne Warren

A Feminist Defense of Abortion

139

(6)

Sally Markowitz

Euthanasia, Killing, and Letting Die

145

(10)

James Rachels

The Intentional Termination of Life

155

(5)

Bonnie Steinbock

Supreme Court of the United States / Planned Parenthood v. Casey

160

(6)

Supreme Court of the United States / Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health

166

(5)

Section IV Sex Equality

171

(60)

Introduction

171

(4)

Justice and Gender

175

(11)

Susan Okin

Feminist Justice and the Family

186

(6)

James P. Sterba

Philosophers against the Family

192

(6)

Christina Hoff Sommers

They Lived Happily Ever After: Sommers on Women and Marriage

198

(7)

Marilyn Friedman

Is Male Power Really a Myth?

205

(9)

Warren Farrell

Why So Slow?

214

(12)

Virginia Valian

National Organization for Women (NOW) / Bill of Rights

226

(1)

The Beijing Declaration and Platform of Action

227

(4)

Section V Affirmative Action

231

(46)

Introduction

231

(2)

The Case against Affirmative Action

233

(13)

Louis Pojman

The Case against Pojman

246

(5)

Albert Mosley

Affirmative Racism

251

(7)

Charles Murray

The Case for Affirmative Action

258

(4)

James P. Sterba

U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit

262

(6)

Hopwood v. Texas

The Case against Hopwood

268

(9)

Reva B. Siegel

Section VI Sexual Harassment

277

(40)

Introduction

277

(3)

Understanding Sexual Harassment at Work

280

(9)

Barbara A. Gutek

Exaggerating the Extent of Sexual Harassment

289

(4)

Ellen Frankel Paul

Sexual Harassment in the University

293

(9)

Nancy (``ANN'') Davis

Understanding, Explaining, and Eliminating Sexual Harassment

302

(12)

James P. Sterba

Supreme Court of the United States / Harris v. Forklift Systems Inc.

314

(3)

Section VII Pornography

317

(34)

Introduction

317

(3)

Pornography, Civil Rights, and Speech

320

(11)

Catharine MacKinnon

Feminists against the First Amendment

331

(6)

Wendy Kaminer

United States District Court and Court of Appeals / American Booksellers v. Hudnutt

337

(7)

Supreme Court of Canada / Donald Victor Butler v. Her Majesty the Queen

344

(7)

Section VIII Hate Speech

351

(44)

Introduction

351

(3)

No Speech Code

354

(3)

Gerald Gunther

Speech Codes and Diversity

357

(1)

Alan Dershowitz

Regulating Racial Speech on Campus

358

(18)

Charles Lawrence III

The Chilly Climate on College Campuses: An Expansion of the ``Hate Speech'' Debate

376

(8)

Katharine Bartlett

Jean O'Barr

Superior Court of California / Curry v. Stanford

384

(7)

ACLU / Policy Statement: Free Speech and Bias on College Campuses

391

(4)

Section IX Gay and Lesbian Rights

395

(30)

Introduction

395

(3)

Homosexual Conduct is Wrong

398

(2)

John Finnis

Homosexual Conduct is Not Wrong

400

(2)

Martha Nussbaum

Prejudice and Homosexuality

402

(7)

Richard D. Mohr

Homosexuality's Legal Revolution

409

(9)

Carl F. Horowitz

Supreme Court of Vermont / Baker v. Vermont

418

(7)

Section X Gun Control

425

(44)

Introduction

425

(2)

Protection or Peril? An Analysis of Firearm-Related Deaths in the Home

427

(3)

Arthur L. Kellerman

Donald T. Reay

Armed Resistance to Crime

430

(5)

Gary Kleck

Marc Gertz

Guns in America

435

(4)

Philip J. Cook

Jens Ludwig

Crime is Not the Problem

439

(11)

Franklin E. Zimring

Gordon Hawkins

American Homicide Exceptionalism

450

(13)

Daniel D. Polsby

Don B. Kates, Jr.

Congress of the United States / The Brady Bill

463

(6)

Section XI Animal Liberation and Environmental Justice

469

(56)

Introduction

469

(5)

All Animals Are Equal

474

(10)

Peter Singer

Ethical Vegetarianism is Unfair to Women and Children

484

(8)

Kathryn Paxton George

The Ethics of Respect for Nature

492

(12)

Paul W. Taylor

Environmental Justice

504

(6)

James P. Sterba

The Power and the Promise of Ecological Feminism

510

(8)

Karen J. Warren

Congress of the United States / From the Animal Welfare Act

518

(1)

Congress of the United States / Amendments to the Animal Welfare Act

519

(1)

Supreme Court of the United States / Tennessee Valley Authority v. Hill

520

(5)

Section XII Punishment and Responsibility

525

(42)

Introduction

525

(5)

The Crime of Punishment

530

(7)

Karl Menninger

A Utilitarian Theory of Punishment

537

(5)

Richard B. Brandt

A Critique of the Humanitarian Theory of Punishment

542

(4)

C.S. Lewis

Classical Retributivism

546

(8)

Edmund L. Pincoffs

Deterrence and Uncertainty

554

(2)

Ernest Van Den Haag

Civilization, Safety, and Deterrence

556

(3)

Jeffrey H. Reiman

Supreme Court of the United States / Gregg v. Georgia

559

(8)

Section XIII War and Humanitarian Intervention

567

(23)

Introduction

567

(5)

Reconciling Pacifists and Just War Theorists

572

(7)

James P. Sterba

The Politics of Rescue

579

(6)

Michael Walzer

The Futility of U.S. Intervention in Regional Conflicts

585

(5)

Barbara Conry

Peacekeeping, Intervention, and National Sovereignty in Internal Armed Conflict

590

Kofi A. Annan

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Morality in Practice (with InfoTrac)

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials