Moving Out of Poverty Success from the Bottom Up
, by UK, Palgrave Macmillan; Narayan, Deepa; Pritchett, Lant; Kapoor, Soumya- ISBN: 9780821378366 | 0821378368
- Cover: Hardcover
- Copyright: 5/6/2009
Foreword | p. xiii |
Study Team and Acknowledgments | p. xv |
About the Authors | p. xix |
Abbreviations | p. xxi |
The Moving Out of Poverty Study: An Overview | p. 2 |
Stories of the Poor, Stories by the Poor | p. 50 |
Poverty Is a Condition, Not a Characteristic | p. 86 |
I Believe I Can | p. 126 |
The Dream of Equal Opportunity | p. 180 |
All Politics Is Local: How Better Governance Helps the Poor | p. 222 |
The Unfulfilled Potential of Collective Action | p. 280 |
Concluding Reflections | p. 332 |
Researchers and Institutions Involved in Country Studies | p. 343 |
Technical Note on Household Regressions | p. 349 |
Data Collection Methods | p. 369 |
List of Variables for Household Regressions | p. 375 |
Weights for the PCA-Constructed Indexes, by Study Region | p. 379 |
Regression Results Tables for MOP and MPI | p. 387 |
References | p. 399 |
Index | p. 411 |
Tables | |
Sample ladders of life from two villages in Andhra Pradesh and Uganda | p. 14 |
All villages in Afghanistan report hard work as a factor in moving out of poverty | p. 60 |
Movers in India take more initiative, but chronic poor take about as much initiative as never poor | p. 66 |
Over half of households moved up or down at least one step on the ladder of life over 10 Years | p. 93 |
Movements up and out of poverty are only one part of overall poverty dynamics | p. 97 |
Various measures of well-being dynamics are associated with local (village-level) factors in four states of India | p. 117 |
On average, the poor and nonpoor in the same villages moved up together across study regions | p. 122 |
Poor people distinguish four different types of power | p. 132 |
Path deviation in youth: Youths whose parents are in agriculture or the informal sector want to do something else (start a business, get a job) | p. 156 |
People in study communities in Malawi associate democracy first and foremost with freedom | p. 230 |
Economic opportunities can create positive spillovers | p. 270 |
Migration and multiple hands at work trigger upward movement in Mexico | p. 288 |
Collective entities replicate some but not all characteristics of successful families | p. 297 |
Countries in the MOP study stratified by income, growth, and governance | p. 351 |
Choosing locations within study regions | p. 352 |
Desired distribution of households across mobility groups | p. 356 |
Figures | |
More than half of all households were classified as poor in 2005 | p. 16 |
Movers most frequently cite initiatives as reasons for their move out of poverty | p. 20 |
Gambling, drugs, and alcohol are rarely cited as reasons for falling | p. 21 |
The never poor and movers score themselves higher in power and rights | p. 27 |
Communities where governments became more responsive were likely to report increased presence of services over last 10 years | p. 35 |
Families are rated the most important institution for asset accumulation by all mobility groups in Indian study regions | p. 40 |
Collective action helps people cope in Bufkaro, Uganda | p. 44 |
Initiative and opportunity interact to produce upward movement | p. 46 |
Majority of all households have high aspirations for their children | p. 55 |
Movers and never poor have higher hopes, but even chronic poor and fallers have high aspirations for their children | p. 56 |
Movers and never poor support their agricultural initiatives through purchase of assets, while chronic poor rely on hard work | p. 59 |
Fallers and chronic poor are more likely to be unhappy | p. 63 |
Respondents in India rate initiative as most important trigger for accumulating assets | p. 66 |
Initiative features prominently, luck hardly at all as reasons for moving up | p. 67 |
Ladder from Saré Ogicol, Senegal: Destiny matters for moving up at the top | p. 70 |
Community mobility matrix from Fateh Garh, Uttar Pradesh, shows types and magnitude of household mobility | p. 90 |
Community mobility matrix from Fateh Garh, Uttar Pradesh, shows household movement out of poverty, within poverty, into poverty, and among the nonpoor | p. 91 |
Narrow escalator model illustrates moving out of poverty with all households retaining their relative rankings | p. 94 |
Broad staircase model illustrates moving out of poverty with households changing both their absolute and relative rankings | p. 96 |
$ 1-a-day international standard appears to underestimate poverty compared to focus group estimates | p. 104 |
Rising, falling, and net prosperity indexes show large variations both across study regions and across communities within regions | p. 108 |
Movement out of poverty and mobility of the poor indexes show large variations both across study regions and across communities within regions | p. 110 |
On average, the poor and nonpoor moved up together across study regions | p. 112 |
Association is much weaker between net upward movements of the poor and nonpoor than between their gross upward movements | p. 114 |
Movers place themselves modestly higher on power and rights 10 years ago compared to the chronic poor | p. 146 |
Fallers place themselves modestly lower on power and rights 10 years ago compared to the never poor | p. 147 |
Movers report control over all or most decisions, while chronic poor and fallers report less control | p. 148 |
Personal agency has an association with moving out of poverty | p. 151 |
Movers has higher hopes for their own future than did the chronic poor | p. 154 |
Individual aspirations are a robust correlate of moving out of poverty | p. 155 |
Households with more control over decisions report ownership of more assets | p. 161 |
Households with greater increase in power are more likely to have acquired a house | p. 161 |
Households with greater increase in power are more likely to have met a local politician | p. 163 |
Fallers and chronic poor report more health shocks than movers | p. 165 |
Households with less control over decisions report more health shocks and poorer current state of health | p. 169 |
Households with lower aspirations for their children report more health shocks | p. 170 |
Comparison of spells of growth and poverty reduction shows that the pace of poverty reduction is strongly associated with growth, but with variation around this pattern | p. 184 |
Although inequality may help or hinder poverty reduction, its contribution to poverty reduction over long episodes tends to be less than that of growth | p. 185 |
Poor entrepreneurs face obstacles in gaining access to credit | p. 210 |
A majority of chronic poor borrow for regular consumption purposes | p. 211 |
Land titling is strongly associated with perceived strength of local economy | p. 215 |
Public works projects are not strongly associated with perceived strength of local economy | p. 216 |
Big increases in corruption were reported in communities where opportunities have expanded | p. 218 |
Quality of health and education improved more where governments became more responsive | p. 235 |
Roads were more likely to be present in communities where governments became more responsive | p. 237 |
Communities where governments became more responsive were more likely to report an increase in levels of safety and peace | p. 237 |
Responsiveness of local democracy has a significant association with moving out of poverty, particularly in South Asian study regions | p. 239 |
Responsiveness of local democracy to some has negative spillovers on others | p. 242 |
More than half of households across study contexts believe that most or almost all government officials in the country engage in corruption | p. 245 |
Corruption has a mostly negative association with moving out of poverty | p. 248 |
Finance/credit/saving groups are more common than livelihood, health, education, religious, or ethnic groups across all study regions | p. 302 |
Saving and credit groups are more common in Andhra Pradesh, Uganda, Bangladesh, the Philippines, and Thailand | p. 303 |
Community's propensity for collective action has mostly negative association with movement out of poverty | p. 305 |
Change in access to networks has mostly negative association with movement out of poverty | p. 306 |
Different combinations of bridging ties and state functioning result in different outcomes | p. 325 |
Boxes | |
What is freedom? Voices from the field | p. 78 |
Poverty lines and people's perceptions of poverty lines | p. 103 |
Changes in women unsettle men in Bangladesh | p. 135 |
Giving up everything to send children to school | p. 284 |
Solidarity in time of war | p. 289 |
Richard's story: Friends to the rescue | p. 300 |
Looking forward: Collective action emulating markets | p. 319 |
Community policing in Malawi: From protection to abuse | p. 321 |
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