Multimedia Services in Wireless Internet

This book introduces the promising protocols for multimedia services and presents the analytical frameworks for measuring their performance in wireless networks. Furthermore, the book shows how to fine-tune the parameters for Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning in order to illustrate the affect that QoS has upon the stability, integrity and growth of next generation wireless internet. The authors provide the tools required to implement this understanding. The book is particularly useful for design and engineering network architecture and protocols for future wireless internet. Provides a comprehensive and analytical understanding of the performance of multimedia in wireless networks and wireline networks, and the tools to implement such an understanding. Addresses issues such as IEEE 802.11, AIMD/RED (Additive Increase-Multiplicative Decrease/ Random Early Detection), multimedia traffic models, congestion control and random access networks. Compares the different characteristics of wireless vs. wireline networks and details QoS constrained multimedia applications. Includes a case study on AIMD for multimedia playback applications. Features numerous examples, suggested reading and review questions for each chapter.

Lin Cai received M.A.Sc and Ph.D degrees (with Outstanding Achievement in Graduate Studies Award) in electrical and computer engineering from the University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada, in 2002 and 2005, respectively. Since July 2005, she has been an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Her research interests span several areas in wireless communications and networking, with a focus on network protocol and architecture design supporting emerging multimedia traffic over wireless, mobile, ad hoc, and sensor networks. She serves as an Associate Editor for IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology (2007–), EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking (2006–), and International Journal of Sensor Networks (2006–).

Xuemin (Sherman) Shen received a B.Sc (1982) degree from Dalian Maritime University (China) and M.Sc (1987) and Ph.D degrees (1990) from Rutgers University, New Jersey (USA), all in electrical engineering. He is a University Research Chair Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Canada. His research focuses on mobility and resource management in interconnected wireless/wired networks, UWB wireless communications networks, wireless network security, wireless body area networks and vehicular ad hoc and sensor networks. He is a co-author of three books, and has published more than 400 papers and book chapters in wireless communications and networks, control and filtering. He serves as the Tutorial Chair for IEEE ICC’08, the Technical Program Committee Chair for IEEE Globecom’07, the General Co-Chair for Chinacom’07 and QShine’06 and the Founding Chair for IEEE Communications Society Technical Committee on P2P Communications and Networking. He also serves as a Founding Area Editor for IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications; Editor-in-Chief for Peer-to-Peer Networking and Application; Associate Editor for IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology; KICS/IEEE Journal of Communications and Networks, Computer Networks; ACM/Wireless Networks; and Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (Wiley), etc. He has also served as Guest Editor for IEEE JSAC, IEEE Wireless Communications, IEEE Communications Magazine and ACM Mobile Networks and Applications, etc. Dr Shen received the Excellent Graduate Supervision Award in 2006, and the Outstanding Performance Award in 2004 and 2008 from the University of Waterloo, the Premier’s Research Excellence Award (PREA) in 2003 from the Province of Ontario, Canada, and the Distinguished Performance Award in 2002 and 2007 from the Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo. Dr Shen is a Fellow of IEEE, and a Distinguished Lecturer of the IEEE Communications Society. He is also a registered Professional Engineer of Ontario, Canada.

Jon W. Mark received a B.A.Sc degree from the University of Toronto in 1962, and M.Eng. and Ph.D degrees from McMaster University in 1968 and 1970, respectively, all in electrical engineering. From 1962 to 1970, he was an engineer and then a senior engineer at Canadian Westinghouse Co. Ltd., Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. In September 1970 he joined the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, where he is currently a Distinguished Professor Emeritus. He served as the Department Chairman during the period July 1984–June 1990. In 1996 he established the Centre for Wireless Communications (CWC) at the University of Waterloo and is currently serving as its founding Director. Dr Mark has been on sabbatical leave at the following places: IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, as a Visiting Research Scientist (1976–77); AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, as a Resident Consultant (1982–83); Laboratoire MASI, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France, as an Invited Professor (1990–91); and Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Singapore, as a Visiting Professor (1994–95). He has previously worked in the areas of adaptive equalization, image and video coding, spread spectrum communications, computer communication networks, ATM switch design and traffic management. His current research interests are in broadband wireless communications and networking, resource and mobility management, and cross domain interworking. He is a co-author of the text entitled Wireless Communications and Networking (Prentice-Hall, 2003), and the book entitled Wireless Broadband Networks (Wiley, 2009). A Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering and a Life Fellow of IEEE, Dr Mark is the recipient of the 2000 Canadian Award for Telecommunications Research and the 2000 Award of Merit of the Education Foundation of the Federation of Chinese Canadian Professionals. He was an editor of IEEE Transactions on Communications (1983–1990), a member of the Inter-Society Steering Committee of the IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (1992–2003), a member of the IEEE Communications Society Awards Committee (1995–1998), an editor of Wireless Networks (1993–2004), and an associate editor of Telecommunication Systems (1994–2004). He is currently a member of the Advisory Board of the Wiley Series Advanced Texts in Communications and Networking.

About the Series Editors	p. xi
About the Authors	p. xiii
Preface	p. xv
Introduction	p. 1
Convergence of Wireless Systems and the Internet	p. 1
Main Challenges in Supporting Multimedia Services	p. 3
Organization of the Text	p. 7
Packet-level Wireless Channel Model	p. 9
Introduction	p. 9
Finite-state Markov Model for Fast Fading Channels	p. 10
Finite-state Markov model for Rayleigh fading channels	p. 10
Mapping finite-state Markov chain to two-state Markov chain	p. 12
Channel Model for Frequency-selective Fading Wireless Channels	p. 13
The Nakagami-m fading model	p. 15
LCR in the frequency domain	p. 16
FSMC in the frequency domain	p. 17
FSMC model for OFDM systems	p. 19
Simulation study	p. 20
Channel Model for Indoor UWB Wireless Channels with Shadowing	p. 24
The angular power spectral density of UWB signals	p. 26
People-shadowing effect on UWB channels	p. 31
Performance of MB-OFDM link with the people-shadowing effect	p. 33
Markov model for UWB channel with people shadowing	p. 36
Numerical results	p. 38
Summary	p. 40
Problems	p. 42
Multimedia Traffic Model	p. 45
Modeling VoIP Traffic	p. 45
VoIP	p. 45
VoIP traffic model	p. 47
Modeling Video Traffic	p. 49
Mini-source video model	p. 49
A simple, two-level Markovian traffic model	p. 51
Performance Study of Video over Wired and Wireless Links	p. 55
Transmission over a wired link	p. 58
Transmission over a wireless link	p. 59
Multiplexing heterogeneous traffic with class-based queueing	p. 60
Simulation results	p. 63
Scalable Source Coding	p. 70
Summary	p. 71
Problems	p. 71
AIMD Congestion Control	p. 75
Introduction	p. 75
AIMD Protocol Overview	p. 77
Acknowledgment scheme	p. 77
Flow and congestion control	p. 78
Advantages of the window-based AIMD mechanism	p. 81
TCP-friendly AIMD Parameters	p. 81
One TCP and one AIMD flow	p. 82
Multi-class AIMD flows	p. 85
Variable packet size and rtt	p. 86
Comparison with other binomial schemes	p. 86
Properties of AIMD	p. 87
AIMD effectiveness	p. 87
AIMD responsiveness	p. 90
Practical implications	p. 93
An enhanced AIMD algorithm - DTAIMD	p. 94
Case Study: Multimedia Playback Applications with Service Differentiation	p. 95
Multimedia playback applications	p. 95
Service differentiation	p. 97
Performance Evaluation	p. 98
Performance of AIMD algorithms	p. 99
QoS for multimedia playback applications	p. 107
Summary	p. 110
Problems	p. 111
Stability Property and Performance Bounds of the Internet	p. 115
A Fluid-flow Model of the AIMD/RED System	p. 117
Stability and Fairness Analysis with Delay-free Marking	p. 118
Stability of the homogeneous AIMD/RED system	p. 118
Stability of the heterogeneous AIMD/RED system	p. 120
TCP-friendliness and differentiated services	p. 123
Numerical results	p. 124
Boundedness of the Homogeneous-flow AIMD/RED system with Time Delay	p. 124
Upper bound on window size	p. 128
Lower bound on window size and upper bound on queue length	p. 129
Performance evaluation	p. 132
Summary	p. 140
Problems	p. 140
AIMD in Wireless Internet	p. 143
Introduction	p. 143
Related Work	p. 145
TCP over wireless networks	p. 145
Using rwnd to enhance TCP performance	p. 146
System Model	p. 147
QoS indexes for delay-sensitive applications	p. 147
Wireless link throughput distribution	p. 148
Analytical Model for Window-controlled Flows	p. 151
Single flow, sufficient buffer	p. 151
Single flow, limited buffer	p. 153
Multiple flows	p. 154
Local retransmission delay	p. 156
Delay control for window-controlled protocol	p. 158
Further discussion	p. 160
Parameter Selection for AIMD	p. 163
TCP-friendliness	p. 163
rwnd, single AIMD flow	p. 163
rwnds, multiple AIMD flows	p. 164
Parameter selection procedure	p. 165
Performance Evaluation	p. 166
Single AIMD flow	p. 166
Multiple AIMD flows	p. 173
AIMD vs. TCP	p. 174
AIMD vs. UDP	p. 177
Summary	p. 178
Problems	p. 179
TCP-friendly Rate Control in Wireless Internet	p. 181
Introduction	p. 181
System Model	p. 182
Truncated ARQ scheme	p. 184
Wireless channel model	p. 184
Analytical Model for Rate-controlled Flows	p. 184
Link utilization and packet loss rate	p. 186
Delay performance	p. 189
Performance Evaluation	p. 191
Packet loss rate	p. 193
Link utilization	p. 195
Delay outage rate	p. 195
Effect of deterministic end-to-end delay	p. 195
Summary	p. 198
Problems	p. 198
Multimedia Services in Wireless Random Access Networks	p. 201
Brief History of Random Access Technologies	p. 201
IEEE 802.11 Protocol	p. 202
DCF	p. 204
Ready-to-send/clear-to-send	p. 204
WLAN with Saturated Stations	p. 205
Throughput analysis	p. 206
Average frame service time	p. 209
WLAN with Unbalanced Traffic	p. 209
Analytical model	p. 210
Case study: voice capacity analysis	p. 213
Simulation results	p. 220
TFRC in the Mobile Hotspot	p. 223
System description	p. 225
TFRC throughput analysis	p. 231
Numerical results	p. 234
Summary	p. 242
Problems	p. 242
Appendices	p. 245
TCP and AQM Overview	p. 247
TCP Protocol	p. 247
TCP connection management	p. 247
TCP error control	p. 247
TCP flow control and congestion control	p. 249
Active Queue Management	p. 251
Datagram Congestion Control Protocol Overview	p. 253
DCCP-2: TCP-like Congestion Control	p. 253
DCCP-3: TFRC Congestion Control	p. 254
References	p. 255
Index	p. 269
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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Multimedia Services in Wireless Internet Modeling and Analysis

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