Multi-terminal High-voltage Converter

An all-in-one guide to high-voltage, multi-terminal converters, this book brings together the state of the art and cutting-edge techniques in the various stages of designing and constructing a high-voltage converter. The book includes 9 chapters, and can be classified into three aspects. First, all existing high-voltage converters are introduced, including the conventional two-level converter, and the multi-level converters, such as the modular multi-level converter (MMC).  Second, different kinds of multi-terminal high-voltage converters are presented in detail, including the topology, operation principle, control scheme and simulation verification.  Third, some common issues of the proposed multi-terminal high-voltage converters are discussed, and different industrial applications of the proposed multi-terminal high-voltage converters are provided.

• Systematically proposes, for the first time, the design methodology for high-voltage converters in use of MTDC grids; also applicable to constructing novel power electronics converters, and driving the development of HVDC, which is one of the most important technology areas
• Presents the latest research on multi-terminal high-voltage converters and its application in MTDC transmission systems and other industrially important applications
• Offers an overview of existing technology and future trends of the high-voltage converter, with extensive discussion and analysis of different types of high-voltage converters and relevant control techniques (including DC-AC, AC-DC, DC-DC, and AC-AC converters)
• Provides readers with sufficient context to delve into the more specialized topics covered in the book

Featuring a series of novel multi-terminal high-voltage converters proposed and patented by the authors, Multi-terminal High Voltage Converters is written for researchers, engineers, and advanced students specializing in power electronics, power system engineering and electrical engineering.

Bo Zhang, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China

Dongyuan Qiu, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China

About the Authors xi

Preface xiii

Acknowledgments xv

1 Overview of High-voltage Converters 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Classification of High-voltage High-Power Converters 5

1.2.1 Two-Level Converters 5

1.2.2 Multilevel Converters 7

1.3 Topologies of Multilevel Converters 8

1.3.1 Neutral-Point Clamped Converter 8

1.3.2 Flying Capacitor Converter 10

1.3.3 Cascaded H-bridge Converter 11

1.3.4 Modular Multilevel Converter 13

1.3.5 Active Neutral-Point Clamped Converter 16

1.3.6 Hybrid Multilevel Converters 19

1.4 Modulation Methods of Multilevel Converter 22

1.4.1 Space-Vector Modulation 24

1.4.2 Multicarrier Pulse-Width Modulation 24

1.4.3 Selective Harmonic Elimination Modulation 25

1.4.4 Nearest-Level Control Method 26

1.4.5 Hybrid Modulation 27

1.5 Architecture of Multi-terminal High-voltage Converter 27

1.6 Arrangement of this Book 31

References 32

2 Multiple-Bridge-Module High-voltage Converters 35

2.1 Introduction 35

2.2 Configuration of Bridge Module 35

2.2.1 Half-Bridge Module 36

2.2.2 Full-Bridge Module 37

2.3 Single-Phase Half-Bridge-Module High-voltage Converter 39

2.3.1 Basic Structure and Operating Principle 39

2.3.2 Control Scheme 41

2.3.3 Output Voltage Verification 43

2.3.4 Simplified Single-Phase Half-Bridge Module 43

2.4 Three-Phase Half-Bridge-Module High-voltage Converter 45

2.4.1 Basic Structure and Operating Principle 45

2.4.2 Control Scheme 47

2.4.3 Output Voltage Verification 49

2.5 Three-Phase Four-Leg Half-Bridge-Module High-voltage Converter 51

2.6 Full-Bridge-Module High-voltage Converter 51

2.7 Advantages of Multiple-Bridge-Module Converter 53

2.8 Summary 54

References 54

3 Single-InputMultiple-Output High-voltage DC–AC Converters 55

3.1 Introduction 55

3.2 Single-Input Dual-Output Half-Bridge Single-Phase DC–AC Converter 55

3.2.1 Basic Structure and Operating Principle 55

3.2.2 Control Scheme 57

3.2.3 Output Voltage Verification 59

3.3 Single-Input Dual-Output Full-Bridge Single-Phase DC–AC Converter 60

3.3.1 Basic Structure and Operating Principle 60

3.3.2 Control Scheme 62

3.3.3 Output Voltage Verification 62

3.4 Single-Input Dual-Output Three-Phase DC–AC Converter 64

3.4.1 Basic Structure and Operating Principle 64

3.4.2 Control Scheme 64

3.4.3 Output Voltage Verification 66

3.5 Single-InputMultiple-Output Half-Bridge Single-Phase DC–AC Converter 67

3.5.1 Basic Structure and Operating Principle 67

3.5.2 Control Scheme 69

3.5.3 Output Voltage Verification 70

3.6 Single-InputMultiple-Output Full-Bridge Single-Phase DC–AC Converter 72

3.6.1 Basic Structure and Operating Principle 72

3.6.2 Control Scheme 72

3.6.3 Output Voltage Verification 75

3.7 Single-InputMultiple-Output Three-Phase DC–AC Converter 75

3.7.1 Basic Structure and Operating Principle 75

3.7.2 Control Scheme 77

3.7.3 Output Voltage Verification 77

3.8 Summary 79

References 79

4 Multiple-Input Single-Output High-voltage AC–DC Converters 81

4.1 Introduction 81

4.2 Single-PhaseThree-Arm Dual-Input Single-Output AC–DC Converter 81

4.2.1 Basic Structure and Operating Principle 81

4.2.2 Control Scheme 83

4.2.3 Performance Verification 84

4.3 Single-Phase Six-Arm Dual-Input Single-Output AC–DC Converter 84

4.3.1 Basic Structure and Operating Principle 84

4.3.2 Control Scheme 88

4.3.3 Performance Verification 89

4.4 Three-Phase Nine-Arm Dual-Input Single-Output AC–DC Converter 93

4.4.1 Basic Structure and Operating Principle 93

4.4.2 Control Scheme 93

4.4.3 Performance Verification 95

4.5 Single-Phase M-Arm Multiple-Input Single-Output AC–DC Converter 95

4.5.1 Basic Structure and Operating Principle 95

4.5.2 Control Scheme 98

4.5.3 Performance Verification 100

4.6 Single-Phase 2M-Arm Multiple-Input Single-Output AC–DC Converter 100

4.6.1 Basic Structure and Operating Principle 100

4.6.2 Control Scheme 104

4.6.3 Performance Verification 105

4.7 Three-Phase 3M-Arm Multiple-Input Single-Output AC–DC Converter 106

4.7.1 Basic Structure and Operating Principle 106

4.7.2 Control Scheme 106

4.7.3 Performance Verification 110

4.8 Summary 110

References 112

5 Multiple-InputMultiple-Output High-voltage AC–AC Converters 113

5.1 Introduction 113

5.2 Single-Phase Single-Input Single-Output AC–AC Converter 113

5.2.1 Basic Structure and Operating Principle 113

5.2.2 Control Scheme 114

5.2.3 Output Voltage Verification 117

5.3 Three-Phase Single-Input Single-Output AC–AC Converter 117

5.3.1 Basic Structure and Operating Principle 117

5.3.2 Control Scheme 118

5.3.3 Output Voltage Verification 120

5.4 Single-Phase Multiple-terminal AC–AC Converter 122

5.4.1 Basic Structure and Operating Principle 122

5.4.2 Control Scheme 124

5.4.3 Output Voltage Verification 125

5.5 Three-Phase Multiple-terminal AC–AC Converter 125

5.5.1 Basic Structure and Operating Principle 125

5.5.2 Control Scheme 126

5.5.3 Output Voltage Verification 129

5.6 Summary 133

References 133

6 Multiple-terminal High-voltage DC–DC Converters 135

6.1 Introduction 135

6.2 Single-Input Dual-Output DC–DC Converter 135

6.2.1 Basic Structure and Operating Principle 135

6.2.2 Control Scheme 136

6.2.3 Simulation Verification 138

6.3 Single-InputMultiple-Output DC–DC Converter 138

6.3.1 Basic Structure and Operating Principle 138

6.3.2 Control Scheme 141

6.3.3 Simulation Verification 143

6.4 Multiple-InputMultiple-Output DC–DC Converter 143

6.5 Summary 146

References 146

7 Multiple-terminal High-voltage Hybrid Converters 147

7.1 Introduction 147

7.2 Six-Arm Hybrid Converter with Single-Phase AC Input 147

7.2.1 Basic Structure and Operating Principle 147

7.2.2 Control Scheme 149

7.2.3 Simulation Verification 151

7.3 Nine-Arm Hybrid Converter with Three-Phase AC Input 151

7.3.1 Basic Structure and Operating Principle 151

7.3.2 Control Scheme 152

7.3.3 Simulation Verification 153

7.4 Multiple-Arm Hybrid Converter 153

7.4.1 Basic Structure and Operating Principle 153

7.4.2 Control Scheme 158

7.5 Summary 159

References 159

8 Short-Circuit Protection for High-voltage Converters 161

8.1 Introduction 161

8.2 Modular DC Circuit Breaker 162

8.3 Sub-Modules with DC Fault-Handling Capability 165

8.3.1 Full-Bridge Sub-Module 165

8.3.2 Clamp-Double Sub-Module 166

8.3.3 Unipolar-Voltage Sub-Module 167

8.3.4 Cross-Connected Sub-Module 168

8.3.5 Series-Connected Double Sub-Module 170

8.4 Configuration of the Hybrid Multi-terminal High-voltage Converter 171

8.5 Summary 174

References 175

9 Common Techniques and Applications of Multi-terminal High-voltage Converters 177

9.1 Introduction 177

9.2 Capacitor Voltage Control Scheme for Multi-terminal High-voltage Converters 177

9.2.1 Single-Input Dual-Output DC–AC Converter 177

9.2.2 Single-Phase Multiple-Input Single-Output AC–DC Converter 182

9.3 Applications of Multi-terminal High-voltage Converter 192

9.3.1 Multiple Wind Turbines and DC Bus 192

9.3.2 Multiple Wind Turbines and AC Bus 196

9.3.3 Multiple AC Motors and DC Bus 196

9.3.4 Multiple AC Motors and AC Bus 196

9.4 Summary 200

References 200

Index201 

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