Nafta and Free Trade in the Americas in a

No lawyer or business operating in North America can escape NAFTA's significance. NAFTA also represents the future, a blending of national legal and business cultures and traditions. The author has attempted to address the interests not only of North Americans, but also persons located outside the region who worry about NAFTA's externalities. Because most citations have been omitted, the book is an easy read.

Preface

v

Acknowledgments

vii

Table of Cases

xv

Pre-NAFTA

1

(18)

Canada and the United States

1

(3)

Mexico and the United States

4

(5)

Merging Economies

9

(2)

Different Legal Traditions

11

(4)

The Private Sector

15

(3)

Conclusion

18

(1)

CFTA

19

(48)

Core Commitments---Federalism, Supremacy and Nondiscrimination

20

(3)

Trade in Goods

23

(1)

Tariffs and Quotas

24

(2)

The Origin of Goods

26

(4)

Product Standards

30

(1)

Free Trade Exceptions

31

(2)

Canadian Cultural Industries

33

(6)

Procurement

39

(1)

Temporary Import Restraints

39

(1)

Wine, Beer and Spirits

40

(2)

Energy

42

(1)

Motor Vehicles

43

(1)

Services

44

(3)

Financial Services

47

(3)

Investment

50

(2)

Movement of Business Persons

52

(1)

CFTA Dispute Settlement

53

(1)

Chapter 18 Dispute Settlement

54

(3)

Arbitration Decisions under Chapter 18

57

(2)

Chapter 19 Dispute Settlement

59

(5)

Binational Panel and Extraordinary Challenge Committee Decisions Under Chapter 19

64

(3)

Getting to NAFTA

67

(8)

Ratifying NAFTA

68

(2)

Interpreting NAFTA

70

(1)

NAFTA, The Uruguay Round and Other International Agreements

71

(2)

NAFTA Chapters and WTO Agreements

73

(2)

Goods

75

(48)

Tariffs and Customs

76

(3)

Impact on Maquiladoras

79

(1)

Regulatory and Tax Treatment, Quotas

80

(2)

Rules of Origin

82

(4)

Regional Value Content

86

(3)

Textiles and Apparel

89

(1)

Electronics

90

(1)

Exporting From Mexico to Latin America

91

(1)

Proof of Origin

92

(2)

Procurement

94

(3)

Motor Vehicles

97

(3)

Energy Goods

100

(4)

State Monopolies and Enterprises

104

(2)

Agricultural Goods

106

(3)

Food Standards (SPS)

109

(3)

Product and Service Standards-Related Measures (SRM)

112

(4)

Exceptions to Free Trade

116

(2)

Temporary Import Restraints (Escape Clauses)

118

(2)

The Corn Broom Case

120

(1)

Special Escape Clauses

121

(2)

Services

123

(29)

Service Provider Rights

124

(1)

Licensing and Certification

125

(2)

Foreign Legal Consultants

127

(2)

Land Transportation

129

(3)

Enhanced Telecommunications

132

(3)

General Exceptions

135

(1)

Financial Services

136

(4)

Treatment of Financial Services Providers

140

(4)

Financial Services Dispute Settlement

144

(1)

NAFTA Business Visas

145

(2)

Business Visitors

147

(1)

Traders and Investors

148

(1)

Intracompany Transferees

149

(1)

Professionals

149

(3)

Investment

152

(20)

NAFTA Investment Rights

153

(2)

Treatment of Investors and Investments

155

(3)

Expropriation

158

(2)

Exceptions and Reservations

160

(1)

Arbitration of Investor--State Disputes

161

(5)

Investor Claims Against States Under NAFTA

166

(6)

Metalclad

166

(2)

Ethyl and Methanex

168

(1)

Loewen

169

(1)

Pope and Talbot

170

(2)

Intellectual Property

172

(15)

General Obligations

173

(2)

Counterfeiting

175

(1)

Gray Market Trading

176

(2)

Patents

178

(3)

Copyrights

181

(2)

Trademarks

183

(1)

Trade Secrets

184

(3)

Dispute Settlement

187

(20)

Selecting Panels---Conflicts of Interest

188

(3)

Chapter 19---Antidumping and Countervailing Duties

191

(3)

Standards of Review---Judge Wilkey Dissents

194

(4)

Mexico and Chapter 19

198

(1)

The Tomatoes Dispute

199

(2)

Chapter 20 Dispute Settlement

201

(3)

Chapter 20 Arbitrations

204

(1)

Private Commercial Disputes

205

(2)

The Environment

207

(12)

NAFTA Provisions on the Environment

208

(1)

The North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation

209

(1)

Article 13 Reports

210

(1)

Article 14 Citizen and NGO Submissions

211

(4)

Environmental Arbitrations

215

(1)

Summary

216

(1)

The Mexico--United States Border Environmental Cooperation Agreement

217

(2)

Labor

219

(21)

The North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation

220

(1)

The NALC Law Enforcement System

221

(3)

Summary

224

(1)

Labor Law Enforcement Submissions---Union Organizing

225

(6)

NAO Submission Strategies

231

(1)

The Pregnancy Discrimination Case

232

(4)

Trade Adjustment Assistance

236

(1)

NALC Annex 1---Labor Principles

237

(3)

Free Trade and the Americas

240

(11)

Expanding NAFTA To Include Chile, Bilateral Free Trade Agreements

241

(1)

Free Trade and the Americas

242

(3)

Quebec and NAFTA

245

(2)

Conclusion

247

(1)

A NAFTA/FTAA Timeline

248

(3)

Appendix I. North American Free Trade Agreement (1994)

251

(206)

Appendix II. North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (1994)

457

(30)

Appendix III. North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation (1994)

487

(24)

Index

511

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Nafta and Free Trade in the Americas in a Nutshell

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials