Nanophotonic Materials Photonic Crystals,

Stimulated by the pioneering work of Sajeev John and Eli Yablonovitsch, German research groups started with theoretical and experimental work on 2D and 3D photonics crystals in the early 1990s. This initial work was the basis for a research project focussing on photonic crystals and funded by the German Science Foundation (DFG) in 1999. During the last seven years, a consortium consisting of more than 20 German research groups concentrated on photonics crystals research. 'Nanophotonic Materials - Photonic Crystals, Plasmonics, and Metameterials' summarizes the work and research results of these groups.Research started with linear, non-dispersive properties of purely dielectric 2D and 3D photonic crystals and progressed to non-linear and dispersive properties of dielectric photonic crystals including gain and / or losses. These properties where studied on different materials systems such as silicon, III-V-compound semiconductors, oxides and polymers, as well as hybrid systems consisting of dielectric photonic crystals and liquid crystals. Applications of these systems were developed in the area of active photonic crystal fibres, functional optical components, and sensors. Some of these have by now even entered into industrial applications.

Ralf B. Wehrspohn studied physics at the University of Oldenburg, Germany, and received his Ph.D. degree from the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris in 1997. Until 1999 he worked on thin-film transistors for AMLCDs at Philips Research. From 1999 until 2003 he led the Porous Materials/Photonic Crystals group at the Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics in Halle, after which he held a chair at the Physics department of the University of Paderborn for three years. Since 2006, he has been the director of the Fraunhofer-Institute for Mechanics of Materials and a Professor of Physics at the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg. Professor Wehrspohn was awarded the Maier-Leibnitz Prize of the German Science Foundation in 2003.

Heinz-Siegfried Kitzerow was awarded a professorship for Physical Chemistry from the University of Paderborn, Germany, in 1998. His team works on liquid crystals and their behavior in complex geometries, polymer composites and thin electroluminescent layers. Professor Kitzerow serves as secretary of the International Liquid Crystal Society and is a member of the managing board of the German Liquid Crystal Society. He worked previously as a lecturer at the Technical University (TU) Berlin and visited the Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, and the Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, for postgraduate research. He studied chemistry and received his Ph.D. degree from the TU Berlin.

Kurt Busch received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in physics from the University of Karlsruhe, Germany, in 1993 and 1996, respectively. From 1997 to 1999 he was the recipient of a post-doctoral scholarship from the DFG at the University of Toronto. From 2000 to 2004, Professor Busch was the head of a junior research program (Emmy Noether-program) at the Institute for the Theory of Condensed Matter, University of Karlsruhe. In 2004, he was appointed as Associate Professor at the Department of Physics and CREOL, University of Central Florida. In 2005, he returned to the University of Karlsruhe to accept a professorship in Physics at the Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics. Professor Busch was awarded the Carl-Zeiss Research award in 2006.

Preface
List of Contributors
Linear and Non-linear Properties of Photonic Crystals
Solitary Wave Formation in One-dimensional Photonic Crystals
Introduction
Variational Approach to the NLCME
Radiation Losses
Results
Conclusions and Outlook
References
Microscopic Analysis of the Optical and Electronic Properties of Semiconductor Photonic-Crystal Structures
Introduction
Theoretical Approach
Numerical Results
Summary
References
Functional 3D Photonic Films from Polymer Beads
Introduction
Opals as Coloring Agents
Loading of Opals with Highly Fluorescent Dyes
New Properties Through Replication
Defect Incorporation into Opals
References
Bloch Modes and Group Velocity Delay in Coupled Resonator Chains
Introduction
Experiment
Coherent Cavity Field Coupling in One-Dimensional CROWs
Mode Structure in Finite CROWs
Slowing Down Light in CROWs
Disorder and Detuning in CROWs
Summary
References
Coupled Nanopillar Waveguides: Optical Properties and Applications
Introduction
Dispersion Engineering
Transmission Efficiency
Aperiodic Nanopillar Waveguides
Applications
Conclusion
References
Investigations on the Generation of Photonic Crystals using Two-Photon Polymerization (2PP) of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Polymers with Ultra-Short Laser Pulses
Introduction
High-Refractive Index Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Polymers
Multi-Photon Fabrication
Summary and Outlook
References
Ultra-low Refractive Index Mesoporous Substrates for Waveguide Structures
Introduction
Mesoporous Films
MSFs as Substrates for Waveguide Structures
Conclusions
References
Linear and Nonlinear Effects of Light Propagation inLow-index Photonic Crystal Slabs
Introduction
Fabrication of Photonic Crystal Slabs
Linear Properties of Photonic Crystal Slabs
Light Propagation in Nonlinear Photonic Crystals
Conclusion
References
Linear and Non-linear Optical Experiments Based on Macroporous Silicon Photonic Crystals
Introduction
Fabrication of 2D Photonic Crystals
Defects in 2D Macroporous Silicon Photonic Crystals
Internal Emitter
Tunability of Silicon Photonic Crystals
Summary
References
Dispersive Properties of Photonic Crystal Waveguide Resonators
Introduction
Design and Fabrication
Transmission Measurements
Dispersion Measurements
Analysis
Postfabrication Tuning
Conclusion
References
Tuneable Photonic Crystals
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Nanophotonic Materials Photonic Crystals, Plasmonics, and Metamaterials

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