National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIH Toolbox CB) Validation for Children Between 3 and 15 Years

This monograph presents the pediatric portion of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Cognition Battery (CB) of the NIH Toolbox for the Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function. The NIH Toolbox is an initiative of the Neuroscience Blueprint, a collaborative framework through which 16 NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offi ces jointly support neuroscience-related research, to accelerate discoveries and reduce the burden of nervous system disorders. The CB is one of four modules that measure cognitive, emotional, sensory, and motor health across the lifespan. The CB is unique in its continuity across childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, and old age, and in order to help create a common currency among disparate studies, it is also available at low cost to researchers for use in large-scale longitudinal and epidemiologic studies. Chapter 1 describes the evolution of the CB; methods for selecting cognitive subdomains and instruments; the rationale for test design; and a validation study in children and adolescents, ages 3 to 15 years. Subsequent chapters feature detailed discussions of each test measure and its psychometric properties (Chapters 2–6), the factor structure of the test battery (Chapter 7), the effects of age and education on composite test scores (Chapter 8), and a final summary and discussion (Chapter 9). As the chapters in this monograph demonstrate, the CB has excellent psychometric properties, and the validation study provided evidence for the increasing differentiation of cognitive abilities with age.

Philip David Zelazo (Ph.D., 1993, Yale University) is the NancyM. and John E. Lindahl Professor at the Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota. His research has been recognized by numerous awards and honors, he serves on several editorial boards (e.g., Child Development; Emotion; Development and Psychopathology), and he is currently President of the Jean Piaget Society. In 2007, he was lead Editor of The Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, and he is Editor of the 2013 two-volume Oxford Handbook of Developmental Psychology.

Patricia J. Bauer (Ph.D., 1985, Miami University) is Asa Griggs Candler Professor of Psychology, and Senior Associate Dean for Research, Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University. She has received many awards, honors, and grants for her research on cognitive development. She serves on the Editorial Boards of Developmental Review, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, and Memory. She is Editor of the Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, author of the award-winning volume, Remembering the Times of Our Lives: Memory in Infancy and Beyond (2007, Erlbaum), and Co-Editor of the forthcoming Wiley-Blackwell Handbook on the Development of Children’s Memory.

I. NIH TOOLBOX COGNITION BATTERY (CB): INTRODUCTION AND PEDIATRIC DATA
Sandra Weintraub, Patricia J. Bauer, Philip David Zelazo, Kathleen Wallner-Allen, Sureyya S. Dikmen, Robert K. Heaton, David S. Tulsky, Jerry Slotkin, David L. Blitz,Noelle E. Carlozzi, Richard J. Havlik, Jennifer L. Beaumont, Dan Mungas, Jennifer J. Manly, Beth G. Borosh, Cindy J. Nowinski, and Richard C. Gershon

II. NIH TOOLBOX COGNITION BATTERY (CB): MEASURING EXECUTIVE FUNCTION AND ATTENTION
Philip David Zelazo, Jacob E. Anderson, Jennifer Richler, Kathleen Wallner-Allen, Jennifer L. Beaumont, and Sandra Weintraub

III. NIH TOOLBOX COGNITION BATTERY (CB): MEASURING EPISODIC MEMORY
Patricia J. Bauer, Sureyya S. Dikmen, Robert K. Heaton, Dan Mungas, Jerry Slotkin, and Jennifer L. Beaumont

IV. NIH TOOLBOX COGNITION BATTERY (CB): MEASURING LANGUAGE (VOCABULARY COMPREHENSION AND READING DECODING)
Richard C. Gershon, Jerry Slotkin, Jennifer J. Manly, David L. Blitz, Jennifer L. Beaumont, Deborah Schnipke, Kathleen Wallner-Allen, Roberta Michnick Golinkoff, Jean Berko Gleason, Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, Marilyn Jager Adams, and Sandra Weintraub

V. NIH TOOLBOX COGNITION BATTERY (CB): MEASURING WORKING MEMORY
David S.Tulsky, Noelle E.Carlozzi, Nicolas Chevalier, Kimberly A. Espy, Jennifer L. Beaumont, and Dan Mungas

VI. NIH TOOLBOX COGNITION BATTERY (CB): MEASURING PROCESSING SPEED
Noelle E. Carlozzi, David S. Tulsky, Robert V. Kail, and Jennifer L. Beaumont

VII. NIH TOOLBOX COGNITION BATTERY (CB): FACTOR STRUCTURE FOR 3 TO 15 YEAR OLDS
Dan Mungas, Keith Widaman, Philip David Zelazo, David Tulsky, Robert K. Heaton, Jerry Slotkin, David L. Blitz, and Richard C. Gershon

VIII. NIH TOOLBOX COGNITION BATTERY (CB): COMPOSITE SCORES OF CRYSTALLIZED, FLUID, AND OVERALL COGNITION
Natacha Akshoomoff, Jennifer L. Beaumont, Patricia J. Bauer, Sureyya S. Dikmen, Richard C. Gershon, Dan Mungas, Jerry Slotkin, David Tulsky, Sandra Weintraub, Philip David Zelazo, and Robert K. Heaton

IX. NIH TOOLBOX COGNITION BATTERY (CB): SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Patricia J. Bauer and Philip David Zelazo

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