Nationalism, Ethnicity, and Identity: Cross National and Comparative Perspectives

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ISBN: 9780765808226 | 0765808226
Cover: Nonspecific Binding
Copyright: 2/28/2004

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Nationalism, Ethnicity, and Identity reflects the consequences of rapid change as well as the impact of longstanding social values. Contributors from a number of different countries use a variety of methodological approaches (empirical, quantitative, qualitative, historical, and case study, among others) to analyze important issues. These include anti-Semitism, stereotyping, militarism, authoritarianism, postmodernism, moral development, gender, patriarchy, theory of the state, critical educational theory, Europeanization, and democratic public policy options as related to competing choices among monocultural and multicultural policy options.

Preface and Acknowledgments

xiii

PART I Setting the Context: Basic Concepts, Stereotyping, and Authoritarianism

(166)

1 Introduction

(20)

The Present as Seen from the Past

(4)

Introduction

(16)

2 Nationality, Ethnicity, Political Socialization, and Public Policy: Some Cross-National Perspectives

(80)

Introduction

(1)

Relevant Trends in the US

(9)

Relevant Trends in Other Countries

(12)

Libya and Other Arab Nations

(1)

Malaysia

(1)

The European Community and Western Europe

(1)

Great Britain

(1)

Sweden

(1)

The Netherlands

(2)

Central/Eastern Europe and the USSR

(5)

Eastern Europe

(2)

The former USSR/CIS

(3)

National Identity, Minority Status, and Ethnicity

(6)

Nationalism

(1)

Minority

(1)

Ethnicity

(1)

Some Additional Observations about Nationalism

(4)

Political Science and Socialization, Nationalism,

Ethnic/Minority Status, and Authoritarianism

(1)

Political Socialization and Cognitive Styles

(4)

Authoritarianism, Nationalism, and Their Correlates:

Some Partial Conclusions and Hypotheses

(1)

The case of authoritarianism

(1)

The case of nationalism

(1)

The case of racism

(2)

Public Educational Policies and Civic/Political Education

(15)

Civic/Political Education

(3)

Literature Review

(6)

Problems with the Enlightenment Model

(3)

Positive and Ambiguous Consequences of Public Policy: Ecology Theory in Former Czech/Slovak Republic and Cross-National Effects

(3)

Public Educational Policy

(1)

Proposed Solutions

(9)

Conclusions and Recommendations

(1)

Developing Some Working Hypotheses

(5)

Producing a Survey Research Instrument for an Empirical Study

(12)

Preliminary Findings

(1)

Results From the Polish Pilot Study

(4)

Results From the US Pilot Study

(3)

The Polish and US Results Compared and Contrasted

(2)

Results From a US "Diversity" Pilot Study

101

(2)

3 National Characteristics and National Stereotypes: A Seven-Nation Comparative Study

103

(24)

Introduction

103

(3)

Cultural Differences in Europe

106

(2)

Methods

108

(2)

Subjects

108

(1)

Instrument

109

(1)

Analysis

109

(1)

Results

110

(13)

External Consensus and Stereotypes

110

(10)

Auto-stereotypes

120

(3)

Discussion

123

(2)

Conclusions

125

(2)

4 A Critical Analysis of Forty Years of Authoritarianism Research: Did Theory Testing Suffer from Cold War Attitudes?

127

(40)

Introduction

127

(1)

A Forty-Year Anniversary for The Authoritarian Personality

128

(3)

Roots of Authoritarianism Research

131

(1)

The Authoritarian Personality Construct

132

(1)

Publication of The Authoritarian Personality

133

(1)

Criticism of The Authoritarian Personality

134

(4)

Criticism Revisited

138

(1)

Search for Validity

139

(6)

Left-Wing Authoritarianism

145

(1)

Rigid Low Scorers

146

(1)

Shits' Critique

147

(2)

Eysenck's T-Factor

149

(2)

Rokeach's Dogmatism Concept

151

(2)

Ray's Humanistic Radicalism

153

(1)

Is Left-Wing Authoritarianism a Myth?

153

(4)

Russian Authoritarianism

157

(3)

A Structural Reductionist Bias

160

(5)

A New Approach

165

(2)

PART II Intellectual Currents: Postmodernity, Historicism, the State, and Critical Theories

167

(38)

5 Coming to Terms with the Past: An International Comparison

169

(8)

Introduction

169

(1)

Coming to Terms with the Past

170

(1)

Genocide and Politicide

171

(1)

Reparation

172

(1)

Broadening the Discussion

173

(1)

The Case of Japan and Cambodia

174

(1)

Conclusion

175

(2)

6 The Threshold of Statehood

177

(16)

Introduction

177

(1)

Imagined Communities

178

(1)

The Threshold of Statehood

178

(1)

A Historical Analysis of the Problem at Hand

179

(3)

"Stateization," L'etatisation, or Verstaatlichung

182

(1)

Two Views of Socialization: Todd versus Kohlberg

183

(5)

Traditional Class Theory Reexamined

188

(2)

Conclusions

190

(3)

7 Are Intellectuals the Keepers of Political Culture? Some Reflections on Politics, Morality, and Reason

193

(12)

Introduction

193

(1)

Are Intellectuals Keepers of Political Culture?

194

(9)

Heine, Lem, and Heller

194

(3)

Preuss and Touraine

197

(1)

Lefebvre and Bourdieu

198

(4)

Fleischer and Theunissen

202

(1)

Conclusions

203

(2)

PART III National Studies: Germany, the US, Turkey, Poland, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and the Ukraine

205

(236)

8 Ethnic-Cultural Minorities in Germany. Life Chances, Educational Opportunities, Minority Group Identity, and Political Participation

207

(70)

Introduction

207

(1)

What Is a National Minority?

208

(6)

Minority: Definitions, Theories, and Concepts

214

(4)

The Legal Framework of Minority Group Rights

218

(5)

Sinti and Roma

223

(11)

The Danish Minority

234

(8)

Labor Immigrants and Guestworkers

242

(15)

The European Dimension: Social, Economic, and Political Rights of Immigrants In the EU

257

(13)

Europe as a Multicultural Society

270

(4)

Abbreviations

274

(3)

9 Conditions for Xenophobia in Eastern Germany (formerly the GDR)

277

(8)

Introduction

277

(1)

Conditions Leading to Xenophobia

278

(3)

Possible Effects on Eastern Germans

280

(1)

Conclusions

281

(2)

Aftermath

283

(2)

Can Political Education Make Any Difference?

283

(1)

Three Proposals

284

(1)

10 The Role of the Media in Political Socialization and Attitude Formation toward Racial/Ethnic Minorities in the US

285

(14)

Introduction

285

(1)

Media's Role in Youths' Political Socialization

286

(2)

Media and Adult Socialization

288

(1)

Some Explanations for the Reported Discontinuity in Conceptions of National Minorities as Disadvantaged

289

(5)

Interpretations and Conclusions

294

(5)

11 The Jews in Turkey. A Question of National or International Identity

299

(20)

Introduction

299

(1)

The Jews in the Ottoman Empire

300

(8)

The Jews in Republican Turkey

308

(3)

The Jews in Contemporary Turkey

311

(5)

Conclusions

316

(3)

12 The Status of National Minorities in Contemporary Poland

319

(8)

Introduction

319

(4)

The White Russian Minority Group

323

(1)

The German Minority Group

324

(1)

The Jewish Minority Group

324

(1)

Conclusions

325

(2)

13 Some Determinants of Polish Attitudes toward Other Nations during a Period of Transition

327

(18)

Introduction

327

(1)

Characteristic Relationships between the Former "Socialist" Countries as a Basis for New Relationships between Central and Eastern European Nations

328

(4)

Polish Attitudes toward Other Nations

332

(8)

Poles' Attitudes toward Their Own Nation

340

(2)

Conclusions

342

(3)

14 An Avalanche of Minorities: Some Unexpected Consequences of Regime Changes on Hungarian Political Culture

345

(12)

Introduction

345

(1)

Rapid Changes Challenge Researchers

346

(1)

Political Parties and the Election Campaign in Spring 1990

346

(2)

Diversity and Monotony

348

(2)

An End to the Long War -- and Consequences of the Unnoticed Peace

350

(1)

Consequences of Trench Warfare

351

(2)

Offended and Suspicious Minorities

353

(1)

Minorities, Cooperation, and Political Education: Some Concluding Observations

354

(3)

15 The Impact of Class, Ethnicity, and Nationality on the Identity of Disadvantaged Young Hungarians

357

(14)

Introduction

357

(1)

Research Context

358

(1)

Explanatory Variables

358

(3)

Dependent Variables

361

(2)

Results

363

(5)

Conclusions

368

(3)

16 Central and Eastern European Political Cultures in Transition: From Communism's Decline to Nationalism's Triumph

371

(24)

Introduction

371

(1)

A Definition of Political Culture

372

(2)

A Conceptual Model for the Analysis of a Political Culture in Transition

374

(6)

Processes for Forming a Political Culture

380

(5)

The Influence of Ideology on the Value System

385

(3)

Authoritarianism and Political Culture

388

(2)

Multiethnic/National Societies, Political Culture, and Conflict

390

(2)

Conclusions

392

(3)

17 The Influence of Command Style Administration on Ethnic Conflict in Bulgaria

395

(8)

Introduction

395

(1)

Ethnic Conflict

396

(5)

The 1984 Government-Sponsored Cultural Blitzkrieg

398

(1)

The Post-"Revival" Ethnic Diaspora of 1989

399

(1)

Ascribing Responsibility -- Media and Official Scapegoating

400

(1)

Conclusions

401

(2)

18 The Development of a Democratic Political Identity in Contemporary Ukrainian Political Culture

403

(24)

Introduction

403

(2)

Political Attitudes and Political Participation in the Ukraine

405

(3)

Political Trust and Attitudes toward Power Structures, Social Institutions, and Political Leaders

408

(5)

Political Efficacy (Effectiveness)

413

(1)

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Nationalism, Ethnicity, and Identity: Cross National and Comparative Perspectives

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Nationalism, Ethnicity, and Identity: Cross National and Comparative Perspectives

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