Natural Law and Moral Philosophy: From

This major contribution to the history of philosophy provides the most comprehensive guide to modern natural law theory available; sets out the full background to liberal ideas of rights and contractarianism; and offers an extensive study of the Scottish Enlightenment.

Acknowledgements

ix

Introduction: The Scottish Enlightenment in the history of ideas

1

(1)

The Scottish Enlightenment

1

(7)

The history of ideas

8

(7)

Natural law in the seventeenth century

15

(48)

Francis Suarez

16

(8)

Natural law and Protestantism

24

(2)

Hugo Grotius

26

(5)

Thomas Hobbes

31

(4)

The German debate

35

(2)

Samuel Pufendorf

37

(6)

Reactions to Pufendorf

43

(3)

Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz

46

(3)

Nathaniel Culverwell

49

(1)

Richard Cumberland

50

(1)

John Locke

51

(7)

Transitions to eighteenth-century Scottish moral thought

58

(3)

Conclusion

61

(2)

Natural law and moral realism: The civic humanist synthesis in Francis Hutcheson and George Turnbull

63

(37)

Interpreting Scottish moral philosophy

63

(2)

Hutcheson: Voluntarism, realism, and egoism

65

(6)

Hutcheson's moral realism and cognitivism

71

(4)

The political ambiguity of Hutcheson's moral theory

75

(2)

Natural jurisprudence in Hutcheson's system

77

(5)

The coherence of Hutcheson's thought

82

(2)

Hutcheson and the development of Scottish moral thought

84

(1)

Turnbull and Heineccius

85

(5)

Natural law and Harringtonianism

90

(8)

Conclusion

98

(2)

Between superstition and enthusiasm: David Hume's theory of justice, government, and politics

100

(29)

The politics of religion

100

(2)

Morals - found or constructed

102

(2)

Justice

104

(6)

The basis for authority

110

(3)

Opinion and the science of politics

113

(2)

The distribution of justice

115

(2)

The role of rights

117

(3)

The right of govern

120

(4)

Above parties

124

(3)

The stability of Great Britain

127

(2)

Adam Smith out of context: His theory of rights in Prussian perspective

129

(25)

Smith's theory of rights

130

(5)

The jurisprudence of Samuel von Cocceji

135

(10)

Smith and Cocceji compared

145

(3)

Kantian themes in Smith

148

(6)

John Millar and the science of a legislator

154

(28)

Introduction

154

(5)

A theory of justice and rights

159

(2)

A theory of law

161

(3)

A theory of government

164

(5)

A theory of property

169

(4)

A question of ideology

173

(4)

A role for history

177

(2)

Conclusion

179

(3)

Thomas Reid's moral and political philosophy

182

(44)

Human knowledge

182

(5)

Human agency

187

(4)

Principles and moral judgement

191

(5)

Duty and virtue

196

(5)

Natural jurisprudence

201

(4)

Property

205

(3)

Contract

208

(2)

Political jurisprudence: The contract of government

210

(3)

Rulers and ruled

213

(3)

Utopia

216

(4)

Revolution of reform

220

(6)

Dugald Stewart and the science of a legislator

226

(35)

Smith or Reid

226

(2)

Elements of a theory of morals

228

(4)

Knowledge and social progress

232

(16)

Jursiprudence and political economy

248

(13)

The science of a legislator in James Mackintosh's moral philosophy

261

(33)

Adam Smith and Dugald Steward

261

(4)

The Vindiciae Gallicae

265

(12)

After Vindiciae Gallicae: Moral philosophy

277

(8)

After Vindiciae Gallicae: History and jurisprudence

285

(9)

James Mill and Scottish moral philosophy

294

(16)

Introduction

294

(2)

The use and abuse of conjectural history

296

(8)

Politics in a morally well-ordered world

304

(6)

From natural law to the rights of man: A European perspective on American debates

310

(33)

English and American jursiprudence

310

(1)

Law, duty, and rights

311

(4)

Rights and contractarianism

315

(7)

Natural law theory and moral philosophy in America

322

(5)

Inalienable rights

327

(5)

Evangelicalism and Christian Utilitarianism

332

(4)

Self-government and obligation

336

(7)

Bibliography

343

(30)

Manuscript sources

343

(1)

Printed sources

343

(10)

Secondary literature

353

(20)

Index

373

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Natural Law and Moral Philosophy: From Grotius to the Scottish Enlightenment

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