Neoclassical Realism and Defence Reform in Post-cold War Europe
, by Dyson, Tom
- ISBN: 9780230246232 | 0230246230
- Cover: Hardcover
- Copyright: 9/15/2010
In this book, Dyson explains the convergence and divergence between British, French and German defence reforms in the post-Cold War era. He engages with cultural and realist theories and develops a neoclassical realist approach to change and stasis in defence policy, bringing new material to bear on the factors which have affected defence reforms.
TOM DYSON is Lecturer in International Security at the University of Surrey's Department of Political, International and Policy Studies, UK. He is currently undertaking a two year sabbatical as an Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Research Fellow at the Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, Berlin, Germany. His published work focuses on British and German foreign, defence and security policies and European defence co-operation.
| Acknowledgements | p. xi |
| List of Tables | p. xii |
| List of Abbreviations | p. xiii |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Context: The Case for Convergence | p. 7 |
| Europe's Partial and Selective Emulation of the US-led Revolution in Military Affairs | p. 9 |
| Patterns of convergence and divergence in defence reform: The objectives, instruments, institutional forums and temporality of defence policy | p. 9 |
| US defence policy in the post-Cold War era: 'Revolution', 'transformation' and 'second-order' change | p. 10 |
| The revolution in military affairs: Extending the 'uni-polar moment' | p. 10 |
| US military 'transformation' as second-order change | p. 12 |
| The three pillars of US 'transformation': Modularity, network centric warfare and effects based operations | p. 16 |
| The legacy of 'second-order' change: Forces designed for the 'wrong kind of war'? | p. 18 |
| Attaining 'balance'? The decline of EBO and the inception of third-order change | p. 21 |
| Reforms to the instruments and objectives of European great powers' defence policies: A partial and selective emulation of the RMA | p. 28 |
| UK defence reform: 'Third-order' change | p. 28 |
| French defence reform: 'Third-order' change | p. 37 |
| German defence reform: 'Second-order' change | p. 47 |
| Convergence and Divergence in the Institutional Forums of Defence Policy: Functional Complementarity; Spatial and Temporal Differentiation | p. 60 |
| The dimensions of differentiation in European defence cooperation: Function, space and time | p. 60 |
| Functional, spatial and temporal complementarity and differentiation in the institutional architecture of European security | p. 62 |
| The case for differentiation: Duplication in function? | p. 62 |
| European capability initiatives: Reflecting convergence around a partial and selective emulation of the US-led RMA | p. 67 |
| ESDP capability procurement initiatives: From civilian crisis-management to facilitating full spectrum peace enforcement operations through C4ISR | p. 67 |
| NATO capability procurement initiatives: Augmenting C4ISR capabilities and interoperability | p. 71 |
| Defence procurement initiatives outside NATO and EU frameworks: A la carte, multiple speed and variable geometry cooperation | p. 75 |
| 'A la carte' force generation initiatives outside NATO/EU frameworks | p. 81 |
| Summary: A selective and delayed emulation of the revolution in military affairs | p. 83 |
| Divergence in temporality: The temporal location sequencing and pace of reform | p. 90 |
| Theorising Defence Policy Convergence | p. 93 |
| Competing Theoretical Frameworks: Realist and Cultural Approaches | p. 95 |
| Neorealism and convergence: Anarchy, uncertainty and the 'push and shove' of international structure | p. 95 |
| Neorealism and the formation and maintenance of alliances: Explaining functional complementarity in institutional forums | p. 100 |
| Post-cold war Europe: Balanced multipolarity under the offshore balancer | p. 101 |
| European security and defence cooperation as 'reformed bandwagoning' | p. 102 |
| Neorealism and the sources of military emulation and innovation: Clustered convergence in military structures and capabilities | p. 106 |
| The pace of 'clustered convergence': Resource constraints, strategic learning and alliance options | p. 108 |
| The temporality of reform to the objectives and instruments of defence policy: Variance in external vulnerability | p. 111 |
| The temporality and territoriality of European defence cooperation: Variance in external vulnerability and the alliance security dilemma | p. 116 |
| Neorealism: An insufficient account of temporal divergence | p. 119 |
| Neoclassical realism and variable state power: The domestic sources of temporal divergence | p. 120 |
| The competing theoretical approach: Culture and military reform | p. 127 |
| Strategic culture and path dependency | p. 127 |
| Explaining policy change: Critical junctures, policy learning and normative entrepreneurship | p. 128 |
| Testing Cultural and Realist Approaches: Defence Policies Between International Structure and Executive Autonomy | p. 133 |
| France: Domestic Incentives and Timely Adaptation to Systemic Imperatives | p. 135 |
| Cohabitation and the pace of third-order reform | p. 135 |
| The emergence of 'best practice': Operational experience and the triumph of the French RMA school | p. 141 |
| The resonance of past doctrinal developments with contemporary challenges | p. 150 |
| Managing military input into defence planning: Ensuring adaptability at the tactical and operational levels | p. 153 |
| High executive autonomy and strong civilian control over capability acquisition | p. 158 |
| France, ESDP and NATO: The selective use of Gaullism to frame reformed bandwagoning | p. 159 |
| Germany: Domestic Constraint and the Temporal Management of Reform | p. 163 |
| The selective use of 'culture' by the core executive: Framing radical change to policy objectives and stasis to policy instruments | p. 165 |
| The development of NetOpFü and the struggle to prepare for irregular warfare | p. 173 |
| Managing military input into defence planning: Increasing adaptability at the tactical and operational levels | p. 182 |
| Low executive autonomy and the exacerbation of organisational politics in capability acquisition | p. 189 |
| The institutional forums of German defence policy: Between systemic and domestic incentives | p. 191 |
| Travelling the road to convergence: Continued deficiencies in capabilities and doctrine | p. 194 |
| The United Kingdom - From Strategic Innovation to Stasis | p. 197 |
| The strategic defence review: Brokerage to facilitate strategic innovation | p. 198 |
| Adding flesh to the bones of the SDR: The emergence of NEC, EBAO and the comprehensive approach | p. 200 |
| The resonance of past approaches with contemporary challenges | p. 206 |
| Growing contestation on the precise implications of a balanced force for capability acquisition | p. 212 |
| Managing military input into defence planning: Ensuring adaptability at the tactical and operational levels | p. 214 |
| Low executive autonomy and the temporal management of defence reform during the third term of the Labour government | p. 217 |
| The institutional forums of British defence policy: Reflecting systemic imperatives | p. 223 |
| British security culture: A readily deployable instrument | p. 225 |
| Conclusions: The Empirical and Theoretical Implications | p. 231 |
| Neoclassical realism and defence reform: Matter over mind | p. 231 |
| Planning for the unexpected: The imperative of the balanced force in the post-Cold War era | p. 234 |
| Managing uncertainty and organisational politics: Organising military input to defence planning | p. 236 |
| The contradictory imperatives of structural realism and European defence cooperation | p. 238 |
| The invocation of culture, nationalism, ideology and exploitation of public vulnerability on behalf of internal and external balancing | p. 240 |
| The limitations of the book and the avenues for future research | p. 243 |
| Notes | p. 244 |
| Bibliography | p. 287 |
| Index | p. 315 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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