Neuro-Ophthalmology

, by Walsh, Thomas J.

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ISBN: 9780683087185 | 0683087185
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 6/1/1997

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Supplemental Materials

1 Neuro-Ophthalmologic History and Neurologic Examination

(18)

Jonathan D. Wirtschafter

PURPOSE OF THE HISTORY AND EXAMINATION

(1)

ANSWERING THE PATIENT'S CONCERNS

(1)

HISTORY OF THE PRESENT ILLNESS

(9)

COMMUNICATING WITH THE PATIENT

(1)

ONSET AND RECURRENCES OF SYMPTOMS

(2)

PRIOR IMAGING AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC EXAMINATIONS

(1)

PAST AND PRESENT MEDICATIONS

(1)

REVIEW OF THE OCULAR HISTORY AND SYMPTOMS

(2)

NEUROLOGIC HISTORY

(2)

PRIOR MEDICAL HISTORY

(1)

FAMILY HISTORY

(1)

SOCIAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HISTORY

(1)

NONOCULAR ASPECTS OF THE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

(8)

EXAMINATION OF THE HEAD, FACE, AND NECK

(2)

EXAMINATION OF THE "OTHER" CRANIAL NERVES

(4)

EXAMINATION OF MUSCLES, MOTOR FUNCTIONS, AND REFLEXES

(1)

EXAMINATION OF SENSATION

(1)

EXAMINATION OF MENTAL FUNCTIONS

(1)

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS

(2)

2 Papilledema

(36)

Thomas J. Walsh

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

(2)

FUNDUS SIGNS OF PAPILLEDEMA

(7)

HYPEREMIA

(1)

VENOUS DISTENTION

(1)

FILLING IN OF THE OPTIC CUP

(1)

BLURRING OF THE DISC MARGIN

(1)

PATON'S LINES

(1)

SPONTANEOUS VENOUS PULSE

(1)

DEFLECTION OF VESSELS

(1)

HEMORRHAGES AND EXUDATES

(1)

VISION CHANGES

(1)

CELLS IN THE VITREOUS HUMOR

(1)

HEIGHT OF THE DISC EDEMA

(1)

OPTOCILIARY SHUNT VESSELS

(2)

NONFUNDUS SIGNS OF PAPILLEDEMA

(2)

ENLARGEMENT OF THE BLIND SPOT

(1)

TRANSIENT VISUAL OBSCURATION

(1)

PUPILLARY ABNORMALITIES

(1)

LATERAL RECTUS MUSCLE WEAKNESS

(1)

STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS

(1)

HEADACHE

(1)

PSEUDOPAPILLEDEMA

(3)

DRUSEN

(1)

MYELINATION OF NERVE FIBERS

(2)

GLIAL VEIL

(1)

PSEUDOPAPILLEDEMA OF HYPEROPIA

(1)

CAUSES OF PAPILLEDEMA AND DISC EDEMA

(15)

HYPERTENSION

(1)

SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE

(2)

CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION

(1)

LEUKEMIA AND SEPTIC CHORIORETINITIS

(1)

OPTIC NEURITIS

(1)

INFILTRATION OF THE OPTIC NERVE

(1)

TUMORS

(1)

BRAIN ABSCESS

(1)

JUXTAPAPILLARY CHOROIDITIS

(1)

POSTERIOR SCLERITIS

(1)

OCULAR HYPOTENSION SECONDARY TO INTRAOCULAR OPERATION

(1)

ISCHEMIC OPTIC NEUROPATHY

(2)

IDIOPATHIC INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION

(7)

CAROTID CAVERNOUS SINUS FISTULA

(1)

PERIPHERAL OCULAR DISEASE

(1)

UNILATERAL NECK DISSECTION AND LUNG DISEASE

(1)

FLUORESCEIN TEST

(6)

3 Pupillary Abnormalities

(28)

Thomas J. Walsh

FUNCTION AND ANATOMY OF THE PUPIL

(1)

ANATOMY

(2)

GROSS ANATOMY

(1)

PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEM

(1)

SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM

(1)

PUPILLARY SIZE AND PHYSIOLOGY

(1)

NORMAL PUPILLARY REFLEXES

(1)

IRREGULARITY OF THE PUPIL

(1)

GENERAL EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES

(1)

TONIC PUPIL

(4)

LIGHT-NEAR DISSOCIATION

(3)

TONIC MOVEMENT

(1)

SIZE

(1)

MECHOLYL TEST

(1)

TONIC PUPIL SYNDROME

(1)

SIGNIFICANCE

(1)

ARGYLL ROBERTSON PUPIL

(1)

CLASSIC SIGNS

(1)

LIGHT-NEAR DISSOCIATION

(1)

CAUSES

(1)

PSEUDO ARGYLL ROBERTSON PUPIL

(1)

FIXED PUPIL

(1)

AMAUROTIC PUPIL

(1)

DRUG-INDUCED CYCLOPLEGIA

(1)

AFFERENT PUPILLARY DEFECT

(1)

ELICITING THE SIGN

(1)

CAUSES

(1)

THIRD CRANIAL NERVE PARALYSIS

(1)

HORNER SYNDROME

(8)

ANATOMIC CONSIDERATIONS

(1)

SIGNS

(4)

CHEMICAL TESTS

(1)

CAUSES AND SIGNIFICANCE

(1)

WORKUP

(1)

TYPES

(2)

HETEROCHROMIA

(6)

DARKER-EYE HETEROCHROMIA

(1)

LIGHTER-EYE HETEROCHROMIA

(5)

4 Evaluation of Orbital Disease

(15)

Darrell Wolfley

HISTORY TAKING AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

(1)

IMAGING OF THE ORBIT AND SKULL

(1)

CT CONTRAST AGENTS

(1)

PATIENT COOPERATION

(1)

INDICATIONS FOR CT SCAN

(1)

INDICATIONS FOR MRI

(1)

CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR CT AND MRI

(1)

ORBITAL OR PERIORBITAL LESIONS THAT DO NOT REQUIRE IMAGING STUDIES

(1)

ORBITAL BIOPSY

(1)

HISTOPATHOLOGY

(1)

IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY

(1)

SURFACE MARKERS

(1)

CYTOPLASMIC MARKERS

(1)

INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT PROTEINS

(1)

TUMOR- AND ORGAN-SPECIFIC ANTIGENS

(1)

LYMPHOID ANTIGENS

(1)

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

(1)

FLOW CYTOMETRY

(1)

CLINICAL UNDERSTANDING OF ORBITAL DISEASE

(2)

CASE STUDIES

(7)

5 Ptosis

(16)

Thomas J. Walsh

EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES

(1)

PSEUDOPTOSIS--TYPES AND CAUSES

(1)

PROTECTIVE PTOSIS

(1)

HYSTERIC PTOSIS

(1)

ENOPHTHALMOS

(1)

MICROPHTHALMIA AND PHTHISIS BULBI

(1)

BLEPHAROCHALASIS

(1)

PTOSIS AFTER OPERATION

(1)

VERTICAL MUSCLE IMBALANCE

(1)

APRAXIA OF LID OPENING

100

(1)

TRUE PTOSIS

100

(6)

CONGENITAL PTOSIS

100

(4)

ACQUIRED PTOSIS

104

(2)

SYNKINETIC PTOSIS

106

(1)

CEREBRAL PTOSIS

106

(3)

HERING'S LAW OF EQUAL INNERVATION

107

(1)

THIRD CRANIAL NERVE MISDIRECTION

107

(1)

LID RETRACTION

107

(1)

THYROID DISEASE

108

(1)

COLLIER'S LID RETRACTION

108

(1)

HYDROCEPHALUS

108

(1)

THIRD CRANIAL NERVE MISDIRECTION

108

(1)

ADVERSIVE SEIZURES

109

(1)

LID RETRACTION AFTER OPERATION

109

(1)

CLAUDE BERNARD SYNDROME

109

(1)

VOLUNTARY SUBLUXATION OF THE GLOBE

109

(1)

MYOTONIC LID LAG

109

(1)

TESTS FOR OCULAR MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

109

(1)

TENSILON TEST

109

(1)

QUININE CHALLENGE

110

(1)

ELECTROMYOGRAPHY

110

(1)

BIOPSY

110

(1)

TREATMENT OF PTOSIS

110

(1)

SURGICAL TREATMENT

111

(1)

CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY

111

(1)

TREATMENT OF LID RETRACTION

111

(3)

6 Diplopia

114

(79)

Thomas J. Walsh

Kenneth Cohen

Eugene M. Helveston

William Stewart

MECHANISM OF NORMAL BINOCULAR VISION AND DIPLOPIA

114

(4)

RETINAL CORRESPONDENCE

114

(1)

SUPPRESSION

115

(1)

PHYSIOLOGIC DIPLOPIA

116

(1)

PANUM'S FUSIONAL SPACE

117

(1)

POSTTREATMENT AND OTHER TYPES OF DIPLOPIA

117

(1)

MOTOR FUSION

118

(1)

EVALUATION OF THE DIPLOPIC PATIENT

118

(13)

HISTORY

119

(2)

MONOCULAR DIPLOPIA EXAMINATION

121

(2)

BINOCULAR DIPLOPIA EXAMINATION

123

(3)

IDENTIFICATION OF MUSCLES INVOLVED

126

(1)

HORIZONTAL DIPLOPIA

127

(1)

VERTICAL DIPLOPIA

127

(4)

CASE STUDIES

131

(6)

FOURTH-NERVE DIPLOPIA

134

(1)

SIXTH-NERVE DIPLOPIA

135

(1)

THIRD-NERVE DIPLOPIA

136

(1)

DIPLOPIA AFTER CATARACT SURGERY

136

(1)

DIPLOPIA WITH MECHANICAL RESTRICTION

136

(1)

PRISM THERAPY

137

(1)

NEUROPATHIC CAUSES

137

(30)

THIRD CRANIAL NERVE PARALYSIS

137

(6)

CONGENITAL OCULOMOTOR PALSY

143

(9)

CONVERGENCE INSUFFICIENCY

152

(1)

FOURTH CRANIAL NERVE PARALYSIS

152

(5)

SIXTH CRANIAL NERVE PARALYSIS

157

(9)

DENTAL ANESTHESIA

166

(1)

SPASM OF THE NEAR REFLEX

167

(1)

MYOPATHIC CAUSES

167

(26)

THYROID DISEASE

167

(6)

MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

173

(5)

PROGRESSIVE EXTERNAL OPHTHALMOPLEGIA

178

(1)

PSEUDOTUMOR OF THE ORBIT

179

(1)

MYOSITIS

179

(1)

TRICHINOSIS

180

(1)

MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY

180

(13)

7 Neuro-Otology

193

(39)

B. Todd Troost

Melissa A. Waller

VESTIBULAR DISORDERS

193

(26)

HISTORY

193

(2)

EXAMINATION OF THE DIZZY PATIENT

195

(4)

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF DIZZINESS

199

(1)

PERIPHERAL CAUSES OF VERTIGO

199

(5)

CENTRAL CAUSES OF VERTIGO

204

(2)

SYSTEMIC OR MEDICAL CAUSES OF VERTIGO

206

(2)

LABORATORY EVALUATION OF DIZZINESS

208

(3)

NEURORADIOLOGIC INVESTIGATION

211

(2)

THERAPY FOR PERIPHERAL VESTIBULAR DISORDERS

213

(5)

MANAGEMENT OF CENTRAL AND SYSTEMIC VESTIBULAR DISORDERS

218

(1)

AUDITORY DISORDERS

219

(13)

TYPES OF HEARING LOSS

219

(3)

SENSORY VERSUS NEURAL LESIONS

222

(1)

CENTRAL AUDITORY DISORDERS

223

(1)

TINNITUS

223

(2)

TESTS OF AUDITORY FUNCTION

225

(4)

THERAPY FOR AUDITORY DISORDERS

229

(1)

AMPLIFICATION

229

(1)

MANAGEMENT OF TINNITUS

230

(1)

8 Noninvasive Imaging Techniques

232

(26)

Janis M. Brown

Holley Dey

John P. Seibyl

ULTRASOUND

232

(14)

EQUIPMENT, TECHNIQUE, AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS

233

(1)

SONOGRAPHIC ANATOMY AND PERFUSION PATTERNS

234

(5)

VASCULAR LESIONS

239

(2)

VITREORETINAL ABNORMALITIES

241

(1)

OCULAR AND ORBITAL MASSES

242

(2)

OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS OF CAROTID ARTERY DISEASE

244

(2)

POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY

246

(4)

PET IMAGING OF THE VISUAL CORTEX

247

(1)

FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN VISUAL CORTEX

248

(1)

METABOLIC IMAGING OF THE BRAIN IN FOCAL EPILEPSY

249

(1)

METABOLIC IMAGING OF BRAIN TUMOR

249

(1)

COMMENT

250

(1)

NUCLEAR MEDICINE TECHNIQUES IN NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY

250

(8)

PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUE

250

(2)

INDICATIONS AND APPLICATIONS

252

(6)

9 Imaging of the Orbit and of the Visual Pathways

258

(41)

Larissa T. Bilaniuk

ORBITAL MASSES

261

(18)

INFLAMMATORY LESIONS

262

(5)

NEOPLASMS

267

(9)

ORBITAL WALL AND PARANASAL SINUS LESIONS

276

(3)

VISUAL PATHWAYS

279

(20)

GLOBE

279

(1)

OPTIC NERVE SHEATH COMPLEX LESIONS

280

(5)

OPTIC CHIASM

285

(6)

OPTIC TRACTS

291

(4)

LATERAL GENICULATE NUCLEI AND OPTIC RADIATIONS

295

(1)

VISUAL CORTEX

295

(4)

10 Facial Nerve Disorders

299

(15)

Kenneth L. Marek

Peter D. Williamson

ANATOMY

299

(2)

CLINICAL FINDINGS

301

(7)

CENTRAL LESIONS

301

(3)

PERIPHERAL NERVE LESIONS

304

(4)

HYPERKINETIC FACIAL NERVE DISORDERS--ABNORMAL EYELID AND FACIAL MOVEMENTS

308

(6)

11 Electrodiagnosis

314

(44)

Nicholas R. Galloway

ELECTRICAL CHANGES RECORDABLE FROM THE EYE

315

(11)

THE ELECTRORETINOGRAM

315

(9)

THE ELECTRO-OCULOGRAM

324

(2)

ELECTRICAL CHANGES RECORDABLE FROM THE BRAIN: THE VISUALITY EVOKED POTENTIAL

326

(6)

CLINICAL APPLICATION OF ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC TESTS OF THE VISUAL SYSTEM

332

(19)

INHERITED RETINAL DISEASES

332

(5)

ACQUIRED RETINAL DISEASES

337

(3)

DISEASES OF THE OPTIC NERVE HEAD

340

(3)

DRUG-INDUCED RETINOPATHY

343

(2)

OPACITIES IN THE MEDIA

345

(1)

POOR VISION WITH A NORMAL OPTIC FUNDUS

345

(6)

SUMMARY

351

(1)

INDICATIONS FOR ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC TESTS ON THE EYE

352

(1)

CASE STUDIES

352

(6)

12 Unexplained Vision Loss: Macula or Media?

358

(29)

John T. Thompson

UNEXPLAINED VISION LOSS FROM OCULAR MEDIA ABNORMALITIES

358

(5)

GENERAL DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION

358

(1)

CORNEAL OPACITIES AND IRREGULARITIES

359

(2)

ANTERIOR-CHAMBER OPACITIES

361

(1)

LENTICULAR OPACITIES AND IRREGULARITIES

361

(1)

VITREOUS OPACITIES

361

(1)

PRERETINAL OPACITIES

362

(1)

UNEXPLAINED VISION LOSS FROM MACULAR DISEASE

363

(21)

GENERAL DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION

363

(1)

DISORDERS OF THE VITREORETINAL INTERFACE

364

(2)

RETINAL VASCULAR DISEASES

366

(8)

DISEASES OF THE PHOTORECEPTORS OR RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM

374

(2)

DISEASES OF THE RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM, BRUCH'S MEMBRANE, CHOROID, AND SCLERA

376

(8)

CONCLUSION

384

(3)

13 Blurred Vision

387

(78)

Thomas J. Walsh

EVALUATION OF THE SYMPTOM

387

(5)

TESTING OF VISUAL ACUITY

387

(1)

TESTING OF COLOR VISION

388

(1)

AFFERENT PUPILLARY DEFECT

389

(1)

HEAD POSITION

389

(1)

PHOTO STRESS TESTING

390

(1)

TESTING OF THE VISUAL FIELDS

391

(1)

TESTING WITH THE AMSLER GRID

391

(1)

HEREDITARY CAUSES

392

(3)

LEBER'S OPTIC ATROPHY

392

(1)

RECESSIVE CONGENITAL OPTIC ATROPHY

393

(1)

DOMINANT JUVENILE OPTIC ATROPHY

394

(1)

DOMINANT CONGENITAL OPTIC ATROPHY

394

(1)

KRABBE'S DISEASE (FAMILIAL INFANTILE DIFFUSE BRAIN SCLEROSIS)

394

(1)

LEIGH'S DISEASE (SUBACUTE NECROTIZING ENCEPHALOMYELOPATHY)

394

(1)

OPTIC ATROPHY ASSOCIATED WITH HEREDITARY ATAXIAS

394

(1)

DEMYELINATING DISEASE CAUSES

395

(9)

OPTIC NEURITIS

395

(1)

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

396

(7)

NEUROMYELITIS OPTICA

403

(1)

SCHILDER'S DISEASE (ENCEPHALITIS PERIAXIALIS DIFFUSA)

404

(1)

ISCHEMIC CAUSES

404

(22)

NONARTERITIC ISCHEMIC OPTIC NEURITIS (AION)

404

(6)

TEMPORAL ARTERITIS (ARTERITIC ION)

410

(1)

CAROTID CAVERNOUS SINUS FISTULA

410

(1)

TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACKS (ADULTS)

411

(1)

TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACKS (CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS)

415

(10)

HYPOTENSION

425

(1)

HEMATOLOGIC AND VASCULAR CAUSES

426

(4)

BLOOD LOSS

426

(1)

CHRONIC ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY

426

(1)

VASCULAR HYPOTENSION

426

(1)

BLOOD DYSCRASIAS

426

(1)

TRANSIENT OBSCURATIONS

427

(1)

CORTICAL BLINDNESS

427

(1)

INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM

428

(2)

INFLAMMATORY CAUSES

430

(11)

INTRAOCULAR INFLAMMATIONS

430

(2)

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS)

432

(2)

LEBER'S STELLATE NEURORETINITIS

434

(1)

LYME DISEASE

435

(3)

ORBITAL INFLAMMATIONS

438

(2)

PARS PLANITIS

440

(1)

RADIATION RETINOPATHY

440

(1)

INTRACRANIAL INFLAMMATIONS

441

(1)

TUMOROUS CAUSES

441

(5)

OCULAR TUMORS

441

(1)

LEUKEMIA

441

(1)

EXTRAOCULAR TUMORS

442

(3)

PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES

445

(1)

DRUSEN

446

(1)

TOXIC CAUSES

446

(3)

TOBACCO AND ALCOHOL

446

(1)

COCAINE

447

(1)

LEAD

447

(1)

METHYL ALCOHOL

448

(1)

DIGITALIS

448

(1)

ISONIAZID

448

(1)

ETHAMBUTOL

448

(1)

FAVISM

448

(1)

IODOCHLORHYDROXYQUIN (ENTERO-VIOFORM)

448

(1)

ANTIMETABOLIC AGENTS

448

(1)

KETOGENIC DIETS

449

(1)

OTHER MISCELLANEOUS CAUSES

449

(2)

TRAUMA

449

(1)

SHUNT MALFUNCTION

450

(1)

CENTRAL SEROUS RETINOPATHY

451

(1)

PAGET'S DISEASE

451

(1)

OPACITIES OF THE MEDIA

451

(1)

REFRACTIVE ERRORS

452

(13)

Headache

465

(20)

Elizabeth Ann Jonas

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF HEAD PAIN

465

(3)

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HEAD PAIN

468

(1)

HEADACHE DISORDERS PRESENTING IN THE EMERGENCY ROOM

469

(2)

SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE

469

(1)

CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE

469

(1)

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS

470

(1)

HEAD TRAUMA

470

(1)

HEADACHES PRESENTING IN THE EMERGENCY OR AMBULATORY SETTING

471

(2)

BENIGN INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION

471

(1)

INTRACRANIAL NEOPLASM

471

(1)

ELEVATED SYSTEMIC PRESSURE

472

(1)

INTRACRANIAL HYPOTENSION

472

(1)

METABOLIC IMBALANCE

472

(1)

HEADACHES PRESENTING IN THE AMBULATORY SETTING

473

(5)

MIGRAINE

473

(1)

TENSION HEADACHE

474

(1)

CLUSTER HEADACHES

474

(1)

PAROXYSMAL HEMICRANIA

474

(1)

CHRONIC DAILY HEADACHE

475

(1)

CHRONIC REBOUND HEADACHE

475

(1)

POSTOPERATIVE HEADACHES

476

(1)

POSTCONCLUSSION SYNDROME

476

(1)

HORMONALLY MEDIATED HEADACHES

476

(1)

TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA

477

(1)

TREATMENT OF HEADACHES

478

(4)

PROPHYLACTIC MEDICATIONS

479

(1)

ABORTIVE MEDICATIONS

479

(2)

ANALGESIC MEDICATIONS

481

(1)

CONCLUSION

482

(3)

15 Gaze Abnormalities

485

(19)

Lenore A. Breen

NORMAL GAZE: TERMINOLOGY, STRUCTURES, AND PATHWAYS

485

(4)

CLINICAL EXAMINATION

489

(1)

ABNORMAL VERTICAL GAZE: CLINICAL CORRELATIONS

490

(2)

DORSAL MIDBRAIN SYNDROME (PARINAUD SYNDROME)

490

(1)

PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY

491

(1)

PARKINSON'S DISEASE

491

(1)

LIPIDOSIS

491

(1)

WHIPPLE'S DISEASE

491

(1)

MONOCULAR ELEVATION PARESIS

491

(1)

SKEW DEVIATION

492

(1)

OCULAR TILT REACTION

492

(1)

DOWN-GAZE PALSY

492

(1)

CONJUGATE DOWNWARD DEVIATION OF THE EYES

492

(1)

ABNORMAL HORIZONTAL GAZE: CLINICAL CORRELATIONS

492

(3)

HORIZONTAL-GAZE PARESIS

493

(1)

HORIZONTAL-GAZE PARESIS WITH HEMIPARESIS

493

(1)

INTERNUCLEAR OPHTHALMOPLEGIA

493

(1)

ONE-AND-ONE-HALF SYNDROME

494

(1)

CONJUGATE HORIZONTAL GAZE AND SEIZURES

494

(1)

CONGENITAL OCULAR MOTOR APRAXIA

495

(1)

UNILATERAL PURSUIT PARESIS

495

(1)

BILATERAL PURSUIT PARESIS

495

(1)

VERGENCE ABNORMALITIES: CLINICAL CORRELATIONS

495

(1)

CONVERGENCE PARALYSIS

496

(1)

SPASM OF THE NEAR REFLEX

496

(1)

DIVERGENCE PARALYSIS

496

(1)

THALAMIC ESOTROPIA

496

(1)

MISCELLANEOUS GAZE DISORDERS

496

(2)

WERNICKE'S ENCEPHALOPATHY

496

(1)

FUNCTIONAL GAZE PALSIES

497

(1)

CASE STUDIES

498

(6)

16 Nystagmus and Related Ocular Oscillations

504

(17)

Lenore A. Breen

DEFINITION OF TERMS AND MECHANISMS

504

(1)

CLINICAL EVALUATION

505

(1)

METHODS FOR INDUCING NYSTAGMUS

505

(3)

CALORIC STIMULATION

505

(1)

POSITIONAL STIMULATION

506

(1)

OPTOKINETIC STIMULATION

507

(1)

ANATOMICALLY NONSPECIFIC NYSTAGMUS

508

(4)

GAZE-EVOKED NYSTAGMUS

508

(1)

VESTIBULAR NYSTAGMUS

509

(1)

CONGENITAL NYSTAGMUS

510

(1)

LATENT NYSTAGMUS

510

(1)

NYSTAGMUS FROM VISUAL DEPRIVATION

511

(1)

MONONUCLEAR NYSTAGMUS AND SIMILAR CONDITIONS

511

(1)

ANATOMICALLY SPECIFIC NYSTAGMUS AND RHYTHMIC OSCILLATIONS

512

(3)

HORIZONTAL MOVEMENTS

513

(1)

VERTICAL MOVEMENTS

514

(1)

RANDOM MOVEMENTS

515

(1)

MISCELLANEOUS NYSTAGMUS

515

(1)

ACQUIRED PENDULAR NYSTAGMUS

515

(1)

CONVERGENCE-EVOKED NYSTAGMUS

515

(1)

EYE MOVEMENTS IN COMA

516

(1)

MEDICAL TREATMENT OF NYSTAGMUS

516

(1)

CASE STUDIES

516

(5)

17 Visual Field Defects

521

(82)

Thomas J. Walsh

Joseph Caprioli

Marc Weitzman

EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES

521

(13)

RECORDED FIELDS

521

(1)

NON-SELF-RECORDED FIELDS

522

(12)

ESSENTIALS OF AUTOMATED PERIMETRY

534

(24)

BRACKETING STRATEGY

541

(2)

FOVEAL SENSITIVITY

543

(1)

SEED LOCATIONS

543

(1)

CATCH TRIALS

543

(1)

SINGLE TEST PRINTOUT

544

(2)

GLAUCOMA HEMIFIELD TEST

546

(1)

3-6 ALTERNATIVE TESTS

546

(1)

GRID SIZE

547

(1)

FAST THRESHOLD

548

(1)

FASTPAC

548

(1)

PROGRAMS 30-1 AND 24-1

548

(1)

PROGRAM 10-2 AND MACULA TEST

548

(1)

PROGRAM 30/60-2

548

(1)

NASAL STEP PROGRAM

548

(2)

STIMULUS SIZE OPTION

550

(1)

FOLLOW-UP PRINTOUT

550

(1)

OVERVIEW PRINTOUT

550

(1)

CHANGE ANALYSIS PRINTOUT

550

(1)

GLAUCOMA CHANGE PROBABILITY PRINTOUT

550

(3)

LEARNING EFFECT

553

(1)

INTERPRETING A SINGLE TEST

553

(1)

GENERAL REDUCTION IN SENSITIVITY

556

(1)

LOCALIZED DEFECT

557

(1)

TOPICAL DIAGNOSIS

558

(1)

RETINAL LESIONS

558

(3)

OPTIC NERVE DISEASE

561

(1)

LESIONS AFFECTING THE CHIASM

562

(8)

OPTIC TRACT LESIONS

570

(1)

LESIONS OF THE LATERAL GENICULATE BODY

570

(7)

CEREBRAL LESIONS

577

(12)

COLOR DEFECTS

589

(1)

POSITIVE PERVERSION OF THE VISUAL SYSTEM

590

(1)

FUNCTIONAL VISUAL LOSS

591

(12)

LOSS OF CENTRAL VISUAL ACUITY

591

(2)

PERIPHERAL FIELD LOSS

593

(10)

Index

603

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