Neurosteroids and Brain Function

, by Bradley; Harris; Jenner; Biggio; Purdy

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ISBN: 9780123668462 | 0123668468
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 9/27/2001

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International Review of Neurobiology, Volume 46 presents in-depth reviews on such ground-breaking topics as assembly and intracellular trafficking of GABA A receptors, D-1 dopamine receptors, and Alzheimer's disease. This series offers the most comprehensive and up-to-date information available and is a must for anyone in the field. Includes a historical overview of neurosteroid research Contains a chapter on neurosteroid biosynthesis and regulation Presents current methods of neurosteroid measurement and analysis Discusses neurosteroid function in both the normal and the pathological brain Chapters address the function of neurosteroid in: Stress Receptor plasticity and function Learning and Memory Alcohol use Depression

Contributors

xiii

Preface

xvii

Neurosteroids: Beginning of the Story

Etienne E. Baulieu

P. Robel

M. Schumacher

Introduction

(5)

Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Neurosteroids: Related Behavioral Effects

(6)

Receptors and Related Activities of Neurosteroids

(12)

Conclusions

(9)

References

(8)

Biosynthesis of Neurosteroids and Regulation of Their Synthesis

Synthia H. Mellon

Hubert Vaudry

What Is a Neurosteroid?

(1)

Enzymes Involved in Neurosteroidogenesis: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

(14)

Enzymes Involved in Neurosteroidogenesis: Distribution in the Brain and Developmental Regulation

(12)

Regulation of Neurosteroidogenic Enzymes

(4)

Conclusions

(14)

References

(13)

Neurosteroid 7-Hydroxylation Products in the Brain

Robert Morfin

Luboslav Starka

Neurosteroid Metabolism in the Brain

(2)

7α-Hydroxylation Studies in the Brain

(2)

7β-Hydroxylation Studies in the Brain

(1)

7α-Hydroxy-DHEA and 7β-Hydroxy-DHEA as Native Anti-glucocorticoids

(4)

The Brain and Other Organs

(2)

Sex Steroid Metabolism in the Brain

(2)

Conclusions

(6)

References

(6)

Neurosteroid Analysis

Ahmed A. Alomary

Robert L. Fitzgerald

Robert H. Purdy

Introduction

(1)

Analysis of Neurosteroids by Radiommunoassay

(1)

Analysis of Neurosteroids by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

(1)

Analysis of Unconjugated Neurosteroids by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

100

(3)

Derivatization of Neurosteroids

103

(3)

Gas Chromatography Columns for Separation of Neurosteroid Derivatives

106

(1)

Isotopic Dilution for Quantitative Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

107

(1)

Data Acquisition Modes in Mass Spectrometry

107

(1)

Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry

108

(1)

Analysis of Neurosteroid Sulfates by Mass Spectrometry

108

(1)

Analysis of Sulfated Steroids by Soft Ionization Mass Spectrometry

109

(2)

Analysis of Steroid Sulfates by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization/Mass Spectrometry

111

(1)

Thermospray Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

111

(1)

Future Analysis of Neurosteroid Sulfates

111

(1)

Conclusions

112

(6)

References

112

(6)

Role of the Peripheral-Type Benzodiazepine Receptor in Adrenal and Brain Steroidogenesis

Rachel. C. Brown

Vassilios Papadopoulos

Introduction

118

(1)

Peripheral-Type Benzodiazepine Receptor

119

(1)

Structure of the PBR Complex

120

(4)

Role of the PBR in Steroidogenesis

124

(4)

The PBR in Adrenal Steroid Biosynthesis

128

(3)

Role of the PBR in Brain Neurosteroid Biosynthesis

131

(3)

Role of the PBR in Pathology

134

(1)

Other Proteins Involved in the Acute Regulation of Steroidogenesis

135

(2)

Conclusions

137

(9)

References

137

(9)

Formation and Effects of Neuroactive Steroids in the Central and Peripheral Nervous System

Roberto Cosimo Melcangi

Valerio Magnaghi

Mariarita Galbiati

Luciano Martini

Introduction

146

(1)

5α-Reductase and 3α-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase System

146

(7)

Effect of Glial-Neuronal Interactions on the Formation of Neuroactive Steroids

153

(2)

Effects of Neuroactive Steroids on Glial Cells of the Central Nervous System

155

(6)

Formation of Neuroactive Steroids in the Peripheral Nervous System

161

(1)

Effects of Neuroactive Steroids on the Peripheral Nervous System

162

(8)

Conclusions

170

(8)

References

170

(8)

Neurosteroid Modulation of Recombinant and Synaptic GABAA Receptors

Jeremy J. Lambert

Sarah C. Harney

Delia Belelli

John A. Peters

Introduction

178

(2)

Transmitter-Gated Ion Channels and Neurosteroid Selectivity

180

(5)

Influence of GABAA-Receptor Subunit Composition on Neurosteroid Action

185

(3)

Mechanism of Neurosteroid Modulation of GABAA Receptors

188

(2)

Neurosteroid Modulation of Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission

190

(4)

Structure--Activity Relationships for Steroids at the GABAA Receptor

194

(2)

Multiple Steroid Binding Sites on the GABAA Receptor

196

(1)

Conclusions

197

(11)

References

199

(9)

GABAA-Receptor Plasticity during Long-Term Exposure to and Withdrawal from Progesterone

Giovanni Biggio

Paolo Follesa

Enrico Sanna

Robert H. Purdy

Alessandra Concas

Introduction

208

(1)

Effects of Long-Term Exposure to PROG and GABAA-Receptor Gene Expression and Function in Vitro

209

(7)

Effects of PROG Withdrawal on GABAA-Receptor Gene Expression and Function in Vitro

216

(2)

Effects of Long-Term Exposure to and Subsequent Withdrawal of PROG in Pseudo-pregnancy

218

(2)

Effects of Long-Term Exposure to and subsequent Withdrawal of PROG in Pregnancy

220

(11)

Oral Contraceptives and GABAA-Receptor Plasticity

231

(3)

Mechanism of the Effect of Long-Term PROG Exposure on GABAA-Receptor Plasticity

234

(1)

Conclusions

235

(9)

References

235

(9)

Stress and Neuroactive Steroids

Maria Luisa Barbaccia

Mariangela Serra

Robert H. Purdy

Giovanni Biggio

Stress and GABAA Receptors

244

(2)

Effect of Stress on Brain Concentrations of Neuroactive Steroids

246

(15)

Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Stress-Induced Changes in Brain Neurosteroid Concentrations

261

(2)

Conclusions

263

(11)

References

264

(10)

Neurosteroids in Learning and Memory Processes

Monique Vallee

Willy Mayo

George F. Koob

Michel, Le Moal

Introduction

274

(1)

Learning and Memory Processes and Animal Models

275

(5)

Pharmacological Effects of Neurosteroids

280

(12)

Mechanisms of Action

292

(9)

Physiological Significance

301

(8)

Conclusions and Future Perspectives

309

(12)

References

312

(9)

Neurosteroids and Behavior

Sharon R. Engel

Kathleen A. Grant

Introduction

321

(1)

Anxiety and Stress

322

(6)

Cognition

328

(5)

Aggression

333

(2)

Sleep, Feeding, and Reinforcement

335

(2)

Discriminative Stimulus Effects

337

(12)

References

342

(7)

Ethanol and Neurosteroid Interactions in the Brain

A. Leslie Morrow

Margaret J. Vandoren

Rebekah Fleming

Shannon Penland

Introduction

349

(2)

Role of 3α,5α-TH PROG in Ethanol Action

351

(8)

Role of Neurosteroids in Alcohol Reinforcement

359

(2)

Role of Neurosteroids in Ethanol Tolerance

361

(3)

Role of Neurosteroids in Ethanol Dependence

364

(5)

Conclusions and Future Directions

369

(11)

References

369

(11)

Preclinical Development of Neurosteroids as Neuroprotective Agents for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Paul A. Lapchak

Dalia M. Araujo

Neurosteroids and the Brain

380

(1)

Synthesis of Central Nervous System Neurosteroids

380

(1)

Receptor Signaling Pathways

381

(3)

Neurosteroids and Central Nervous System Plasticity

384

(1)

Neurosteroids and Neuroprotection

384

(7)

Conclusions

391

(8)

References

391

(8)

Clinical Implications of Circulating Neurosteroids

Andrea R. Genazzani

Patrizia Monteleone

Massimo Stomati

Francesca Bernardi

Luigi Cobellis

Elena Casarosa

Michele Luisi

Stefano Luisi

Felice Petraglia

Introduction

399

(3)

Changes and Possible Role of Neurosteroids in Humans

402

(20)

References

414

(8)

Neuroactive Steroids and Central Nervous System Disorders

Mingde Wang

Torbjorn Backstrom

Inger Sundstrom

Goran Wahlstrom

Tommy Olsson

Di Zhu

Inga-Maj Johansson

Inger Bjorn

Marie Bixo

Neuroactive Steroids and the Central Nervous System

422

(3)

Concentrations of Neuroactive Steroids in the Brain

425

(3)

Sensory-Motor and Cognitive Function

428

(1)

Estrogen and Alzheimer's Disease

429

(1)

Neuroactive Steroids and Menstrual-Cycle-Linked Mood Changes

430

(5)

Side Effects of Oral Contraceptives

435

(1)

Neuroactive Steroids and Menopause

436

(3)

Side Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy

439

(2)

Neuroactive Steroids and Epilepsy

441

(21)

References

448

(14)

Neuroactive Steroids in Neuropsychopharmacology

Rainer Rupprecht

Florian Holsboer

Introduction

462

(1)

Sources and Biosynthesis of Neuroactive Steroids

463

(2)

Steroid Modulation of GABAA Receptors

465

(1)

Steroid Modulation of Other Neurotransmitter Receptors

466

(2)

A Putative Specific Steroid-Binding Site on Ligand-Gated Ion Channels

468

(1)

Genomic Effects of Neuroactive Steroids

469

(1)

Neuropsychopharmacological Properties of Neuroactive Steroids

470

(1)

Modulation of Endogenous Neuroactive Steroids as a Pharmacological Principle

471

(1)

Outlook

472

(7)

References

474

(5)

Current Perspectives on the Role of Neurosteroids in PMS and Depression

Lisa D. Griffin

Susan C. Conrad

Synthia H. Mellon

Introduction

479

(1)

Premenstrual Syndrome or Premenstrual (Late Luteal) Dysphoric Disorder

480

(1)

Allopregnanolone and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

481

(2)

Biosynthesis of Allopregnanolone

483

(2)

SSRIs in the Treatment of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: Modulation of Neurosteroid Levels

485

(2)

SSRIs, Neurosteroids, and Depression

487

(2)

Conclusions

489

(4)

References

489

(4)

Index

493

(14)

Contents of Recent Volumes

507

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Neurosteroids and Brain Function

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Table of Contents

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