Nonverbal Communication Studies and Applications

Providing a thoughtful balance of theory and practice, Nonverbal Communication: Studies and Applications, Sixth Edition, offers students an engaging, sophisticated, and up-to-date introduction to the field. Nina-Jo Moore, Mark Hickson, III, and Don W. Stacks, use examples from everyday life and television to help students understand how nonverbal communication affects the real world.

Nina-Jo Moore is Professor of Communication at Appalachian State University.

Mark Hickson, III, is Professor of Communication at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.

Don W. Stacks is Professor of Strategic Communication at the University Of Miami.

PREFACE
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
INTRODUCTION
1. Foundations of Nonverbal Communication
Basic Definitions
--Considerations for Definitions
Approaches to Nonverbal Communication
--Theoretical Approaches
--Disciplinary Approaches
--Methodological Approaches
Nonverbal Functions and Subcodes
--Touch and Space
--Physical Appearance
--Body Movements and Gestures
--Vocalics
--Covert Body/Temporal Communication
--Nonverbal Functions
Nonverbal Communication and Perception
--Process Structure
--Age
--Culture and Race
--Status
--Gender
--The Importance of Research in the Study of Nonverbal Communication
Summary
Questions for Thought
SECTION ONE. STUDIES AND SUBCODES
2. Haptics (Touch)
Animal Studies
Tactile Development and Humans
--Types and Functions of Touch
--Factors Influencing Touch
--Frequency of Contact
Violations of Haptic Expectations
--Substitutes for "Real Touch"
Functional Approach to Touch
Summary
Questions for Thought
3. Proxemics (Personal Space)
Proxemics
Personal Space
--Classification Schemes
--Definitions and Need
Factors Influencing Distancing Expectations
--Age Differences
--Sex Differences
--Cultural Differences
--Racial Differences
--Status, Personality, and Liking
--Environmental Structuring
Violations of Personal Space
Other Violations
Functions of Personal Space
Summary
Questions for Thought
4. Proxemics (Territory and Environment)
Territory
--Animal Correlates of Territoriality
--Human Correlates of Territoriality
--Territorial Claims
--Purposes of Territory
Environment
--Room Color and Aesthetic Appreciation
--Room Size and Shape
--Temperature and Humidity
--Environmental Structuring
--Architecture
Functions of Territory and the Environment
Summary
Questions for Thought
5. Physical Appearance: Impressions of the Body
Physical Attractiveness
--Social Interaction
--Sex Appeal
The Body
--Body Shape
--Weight and Attitude
--Body Image
Stigmas
Functions
Summary
Questions for Thought
6. Body Alterations and Coverings
Body Alterations
--Hair and Hairstyles
--The Skin: Cosmetics and Colorings
--Additions
--Tattoos, Body Piercing, and Branding
Clothing
--Purposes of Clothing
--Functions of Clothing
--Clothing and Success
--Accessories
Functions
Summary
Questions for Thought
7. Kinesics: The Study of Human Body Movements
Principles
--Putting Principles to Work
--Categories in Kinesics
--Birdwhistell's Linguistic Analogy
--Morris' Derivation System
--Mehrabian's Functional Approach
--Ekman and Friesen's Cumulative Structure
Functions
Summary
Questions for Thought
8. A Practical Functional Approach to Kinesics
Variables that Influence Kinesics
--Culture
--Sex/Gender
--Left- and Right-Handedness
--Relationship with Language
--Decoding
Functions
--Identification and Self-Presentation
--Control of the Interaction
--Relationship of Interactants
--Display of Cognitive Information
--Display of Affective Information
--Deception and Leakage
Summary
Questions for Thought
9. Vocalics (Paralanguage)
Definitions
Sound and Its Attributes
Paravocal Communication
Vocalic Functions
--The "Normal" Conversation
--Identification and Self-Presentation
--Controlling Interaction
--Regulating the Conversation
--Relationship of Interactants
--Display of Cognitive Information
--Display of Affective Information
--Deception
--Other Encoding and Decoding Aspects of Vocalics
Summary
Questions for Thought
10. The Covert Subcodes: Biofeedback, Olfaction, and Chronemics
Feedback Systems
--Gustatory Systems
--Biofeedback Systems
--Mood and Emotion
Olfaction
--What Is Olfaction?
--Olfactory Processes
--Olfactory Identification
--Olfactory Influence
--Olfactory Memory
Time (Chronemics)
--The Structure of Time
--Bruneau's Chronemic Structures
--Culture and Time
Summary
Questions for Thought
SECTION TWO. APPLICATIONS
11. Nonverbal Communication in Social Situations
Meeting Others
--General Characteristics
--Intimate Behavior
--Environment, Proxemics, Chronemics
--Computer Mediated Relationship Building
Cross-Sex Friendships
Same-Sex Relationships
--Male-Male Nonverbal Communication
--Female-Female Nonverbal Communication
Summary
Questions for Thought
12. Nonverbal Communication in the Family
The Home
--Spatiotemporal Dimensions
--Kinesic Factors
--Vocalic Factors
--Physical Appearance
--Review
Nonverbal Communication in the Marriage and Committed Relationships
--Environmental Factors
--Space
--Touch
--Kinesics and Vocalics
--Chronemics
--Physical Appearance
The Expanding Family--Children and the Family Relationship
--Nonverbal Communication in Children
Nonverbal Communication with the Elderly
--Environment and Space
--Touch
--Vocalics
--Physical Appearance
--Kinesics
--Chronemics and Olfaction
--Review
Summary
Questions for Thought
13. Nonverbal Communication at Work
Nonverbal Relational Messages
General Nonverbal Considerations
--Spatiotemporal Dimensions
--Overt Body Dimensions
--Physical Appearance
--Impression Management
--Review
The Performance Appraisal Interview
Nonverbal Interaction in Particular Professions
--The Teacher in the Classroom
--The Attorney in Court
--The Health Care Industry
--The Business Person in a Leadership Position
Summary
Questions for Thought
14. The Future of Nonverbal Communication: A Review
What We Know About Nonverbal Communication
Where Is the Study of Nonverbal Communication Going?
General Review
APPENDIX. Methods of Nonverbal Communication Research
Nonverbal Research
--Review of the Literature
--Theoretical Perspective
--Methodology
--Data Collection
--Data Analysis and Application
Limitations of Nonverbal Communication Research
An Example of Context
Summary
Questions for Thought
GLOSSARY
REFERENCES
AUTHOR INDEX
SUBJECT INDEX