North America's Soft Security Threats and Multilateral Governance A Post-Westphalian Pathway

Even after its decisive Cold War victory and resounding anti-terrorism military campaigns, why is the United States unable to tackle soft security border threats? Five authors who examine illegal US immigration (Schiavon), Mexico's similar predicament (González-Murphy), the conjunction of both (Hussain), a failed 43-year anti-drug war (Dominguez and Velazquez), and the threat expanding to Canada (Hussain), fault policy unilateralism and explore collective action. Utilizing multilateral security governance theory (Kirchner/Sperling, 2007), they propose a post-Westphalian outlet to better help (a) policy-makers control problems, (b) the academic community to solve puzzles, and (c) the public to feel secure.

Imtiaz Hussain - As IR Professor in Universidad Iberoamericana (Mexico), Imtiaz Hussain published Re-evaluate NAFTA (Palgrave 2012), Afghanistan-Iraq and Post-conflict Governance (Brill 2010), The Impact of NAFTA on North America (Palgrave 2010), North American Homeland Security (Praeger 2008); Community, Diffusion, and North American Expansiveness (UIA 2008), Running on Empty Across Central America (UPA 2006), and Globalization, Indigenous Groups, and Mexico's Plan Puebla Plan (Edwin Mellen 2006); with articles in FIU Law Review, Voices of Mexico, Handbook of Global Security and Intelligence, South Asian Survey, Politics and Policy, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, and Norteamérica. A recipient of several fellowships and teaching awards, he graduated from UPenn (Political Science, 1989), and is from Bangladesh.
 

Jorge A. Schiavon is Professor of International Relations at the International Studies Department, CIDE (Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas) (1999–today); Chair of the International Studies Department (2007-2010), Secretary General (Provost) of CIDE (2004-2007), Director of Development and External Affairs (2002-2004) of CIDE, and Director of the B.A. Program in Political Science and International Relations (2000-2001), President of the Mexican International Studies Association (MISA, AMEI in Spanish) (2011-2013), and former Vice-President (2009-2011) of the Association. He has published over 50 academic books, articles and chapters on Mexican foreign policy, history of Mexican international relations, migration, sub-State diplomacy (paradiplomacy); public opinion and foreign policy; regional integration in Latin America and North America; institutions, decentralization, and federalism in Latin America and North America; US-Mexico-Canada relations and Hemispheric Latin American relations; Mexican, North American, and Latin American political systems and foreign policies. He has taught over 50 undergraduate and graduate courses, and participated in over 200 conferences and lectures worldwide.

PART I: INTRODUCTION: SOFT THREATS, SECURITY CAPS, AMERICAN PLAGUE: MULTILATERAL MEDICINE?; Imtiaz Hussain and Jorge A. Schiavon
1. Puzzle
2. Bogotá: Multilateral Direction from Drug-control Dissent
3. Governance Along the Cocaine Corridor
4. Theater of War
5. Mexico-US.Border
6. Illegal Human Flows: Migration
7. Drug-trafficking: Security Threat Trigger
8. Money-laundering
9. Weapons-smuggling
10. Mexico-Central American Border
11. Illegal Immigration
12. Drug-trafficking
13. Money-laundering
14. Weapons-smuggling
15. Summary
16. Theoretical Thread-lines
17. Definitions
18. Kirchner-Sperling Multilateral Security Governance
19. Organization
20. References
PART II: IMMIGRATION AND MEXICO-US BORDER CONTROLS: CONSTRAINED BI-LATERALISM?; Jorge A. Schiavon
21. Introduction
22. Mexico's Migration Policy: A 'No-policy' Interregnum?
23. Mexican Public Opinion and Migration: Protecting the Paisano
24. Migration Policy After 9/11: Whole or Partial Enchilada?
25. The Perverse Effects: A Stimulated Wall
26. Migration Costs and Benefits: An Arizona Microcosm
27. Mexico's Economic benefits: Unending Remittances
28. Strengthening Emigrant-Home Community Linkages
29. The 3 x 1 Program
30. A Theoretical Fit: Demanding Multi-security Governance
31. Conclusions
32. References
PART III: DIMENSIONS OF DRUG-TRAFFICKING IN THE UNITED STATES: GOVERNANCE AND POLICIES IN NORTH AMERICA; Roberto Dominguez and Rafael Velázquez Flores
33. Introduction
34. Security Governance: Analytical Framework
35. Overview of Global Drug Consumption
36. Prevention
37. Protection
38. Compliance
39. Assurance
40. Conclusions
41. References
PART IV: SECURITY AND MEXICO'S SOUTHERN BORDER: POST-WESTPHALIAN GOVERNANCE?; Laura González-Murphy
42. Introduction
43. Security Governance and Mexico's Southern Border
44. Mexico's Southern Conflict Arena
45. Theoretical Application: Four Policy Approaches
46. Pursuing Integrated Response-Security Governance
47. Prevention: Conflict Prevention and Institution-building
48. Compellence: Conflict Resolution Efforts
49. Protection: Internal Security Policies Against External Threats
50. Assurance- post-conflict Reconstruction and Confidence-building Measures
51. Conclusion: State Control vs Collective Action
52. References
PART V: MEXICO'S TWIN-BORDER BEAST: STATE SATURATED?; Imtiaz Hussain
53. Introduction: Soft Threats an Border Comparisons
54. Expansive Threats and Aligning Borders: Problem-supply Boom
55. Migration: Janus-faced Monster?
56. Drug-trafficking
57. Cartel Competition
58. Corruption
59. Gangs: Unholy Alliance Partner
60. Arms-smuggling
61. Money-laundering and Remittances
62. Policy-supply and the Widening Gap
63. Illegal Migration
64. Drug-trafficking and Cartel Competition
65. Corruption
66. Mexico's Two Borders in Theoretical Perspectives
67. Governance Model Assessed
68. Kirchner-Sperling Policy Functions
69. Kirchner-Sperling Policy ImplicationS
70. References
PART VI: ILLEGAL MEXICAN-CANADIAN INTERTWININGS: A CRYING GAME?; Imtiaz Hussain
71. Problem
72. Cocaine Supply
73. Policy Supply
74. Protection
75. Assurance
76. Compellence
77. Preventive
78. Theoretical Placement
79. References
PART VII: CONCLUSIONS: SECURITY GOVERNANCE AS HOSTAGE? EXPLOSIVE POLICY DEMANDS AND SUPPLY SHORTAGE; Imtiaz Hussain and Jorge A. Schiavon
80. Introduction: Back to Square One?
81. Findings: Empirical
82. Findings: Theoretical
83. Implications: Digging Theoretically Deeper