Notational Analysis of Sport

Notational analysis is used by coaches and sport scientists to gather objective data on the performance of athletes. Tactics, technique, individual athlete movement and work-rate can all be analysed, enabling coaches and athletes to learn more about performance and gain a competitive advantage.Systems for notational analysis are becoming increasingly sophisticated, reflecting the demands of coaches and scientists, as well as improvements in technology. This 2nd edition is updated with information about the new technology and a review of the very latest research in notational analysis. There's also practical guidance for constructing notational systems for any sport, and relating data to real-life performance and coaching.

Illustrations

ix

Contributors

xv

Acknowledgements

xvi

Introduction

1

(204)

1 The need for feedback

8

(9)

IAN M. FRANKS

1.1 The coaching process and its problems

8

(1)

1.2 Feedback

8

(4)

1.3 The need for objective information

12

(3)

1.4 Summary

15

(2)

2 The nature of feedback

17

(23)

NICOLA J. HODGES AND IAN M. FRANKS

2.1 Distinguishing information sources

17

(2)

2.2 Augmented feedback: knowledge of results (KR) and performance (KP)

19

(6)

2.3 Demonstrations and instructions

25

(13)

2.4 Augmented information summary and conclusions

38

(2)

3 The use of feedback-based technologies

40

(19)

DARIO G. LIEBERMANN AND IAN M. FRANKS

3.1 Introduction

40

(1)

3.2 Video information as a source of feedback

40

(3)

3.3 Automated systems as a source of complex information

43

(3)

3.4 Training in three-dimensional virtual environments

46

(3)

3.5 Tele-remote training and analysis

49

(1)

3.6 Laser technology in static and dynamic conditions

50

(1)

3.7 Temporal feedback in skill training

51

(4)

3.8 The use of force sensors to deliver feedback about pressure, time, and direction

55

(1)

3.9 Eye-movement recording technology

56

(1)

3.10 On coaches' attitudes to the use of feedback-based technology

57

(1)

3.11 Conclusions

58

(1)

4 Notational analysis - a review of the literature

59

(48)

MIKE HUGHES AND IAN M. FRANKS

4.1 Introduction

59

(1)

4.2 Historical perspective

60

(1)

4.3 Methodological issues

61

(1)

4.4 The development of sport-specific notation systems (hand notation)

61

(19)

4.5 Computerised notation

80

(23)

4.6 Summary

103

(1)

4.7 The future of notational analysis

104

(3)

5 Sports analysis

107

(11)

MIKE HUGHES AND IAN M. FRANKS

5.1 Introduction

107

(1)

5.2 Creating flowcharts

107

(6)

5.3 Levels of analysis - the team, subsidiary units and individuals

113

(4)

5.4 Summary

117

(1)

6 How to develop a notation system

118

(23)

MIKE HUGHES AND IAN M. FRANKS

6.1 Introduction

118

(1)

6.2 Examples of data collection systems

118

(8)

6.3 Data collection systems in general

126

(2)

6.4 Examples

128

(4)

6.5 General steps in analysis

132

(2)

6.6 Different types of data

134

(6)

6.7 Summary

140

(1)

7 Examples of notation systems

141

(25)

MIKE HUGHES AND IAN M. FRANKS

7.1 Introduction

141

(1)

7.2 Individual sports

141

(10)

7.3 Team sports

151

(15)

8 The use of performance indicators in performance analysis

166

(23)

MIKE HUGHES AND ROGER BARTLETT

8.1 Summary

166

(1)

8.2 Introduction

166

(6)

8.3 Analysis of game structures

172

(15)

8.4 Conclusions

187

(2)

9 Analysis of notation data: reliability

189

(16)

M. HUGHES, S.M. COOPER AND A. NEVILL

9.1 Introduction

189

(2)

9.2 The nature of the data, the depth of analysis

191

(2)

9.3 Consistency of percentage difference calculations

193

(1)

9.4 Processing data

194

(1)

9.5 Visual interpretation of the data (Bland and Altman plot)

195

(6)

9.6 Statistical processes and reliability

201

(2)

9.7 Conclusions

203

(2)

10 Establishing normative profiles in performance analysis

205

(22)

MIKE HUGHES, STEVE EVANS AND JULIA WELLS

10.1 Introduction

205

(2)

10.2 Development of the method

207

(18)

10.3 Conclusions

225

(2)

11 Models of sports contests - Markov processes, dynamical systems and neural networks

227

(16)

TIM MCGARRY AND JURGEN PERL

11.1 Introduction

227

(1)

11.2 Sport and chance

227

(9)

11.3 From Markov processes to dynamical systems

236

(6)

11.4 Summary

242

(1)

12 Measuring coaching effectiveness

243

(14)

KEN MORE AND IAN M. FRANKS

12.1 Instruction

243

(1)

12.2 Teaching and coaching effectiveness

244

(1)

12.3 Systematic observation

244

(4)

12.4 Systematic observation and the modification of behaviour

248

(3)

12.5 Identification of effective verbal coaching strategies

251

(5)

12.6 Summary

256

(1)

13 From analysis to coaching

257

(15)

MIKE HUGHES AND IAN M. FRANKS

13.1 Examples of the applications of analysis systems to coaching practice

257

(6)

13.2 Tactical performance profiling in elite level senior squash

263

(6)

13.3 Rugby union - a game of change

269

(2)

13.4 Summary

271

(1)

Glossary

272

(2)

References and Bibliography

274

(28)

Index

302

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Notational Analysis of Sport

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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Notational Analysis of Sport

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