Oceanic Acidification: A Comprehensive

This book critically examines the available literature on oceanic acidification: including a historical review of pH and atmospheric CO2 levels over the millennia; natural and anthropogenic sources of CO2 to the atmosphere and sea surface; chemical, physical, and biological mode of action; biological effects of acidification to marine plants and animals under laboratory conditions; field observations on seawater chemistry and effects of declining pH; and various technical and political mitigation strategies. Written by Dr. Ronald Eisler, a noted authority on chemical risk assessment, the book summarizes real and projected effects of oceanic acidification.

Preface	p. v
Acknowledgments	p. vii
Introduction	p. 1
General	p. 1
Ocean Acidification	p. 2
Terrestrial and Freshwater Acidification	p. 5
Literature Cited	p. 7
Historical	p. 11
General	p. 11
Present to 35,000 Years Ago	p. 12
From 35,000 to 450,000 Years Ago	p. 13
From 450,000 to 2.1 Million Years Ago	p. 14
From 15 to 60 Million Years Ago	p. 15
From 89 to 545+ Million Years Ago	p. 16
Literature Cited	p. 18
Sources of Oceanic Acidification	p. 21
General	p. 21
Anthropogenic	p. 23
Biological	p. 29
Physical	p. 39
Literature Cited	p. 42
Mode of Action	p. 49
General	p. 49
Chemical	p. 52
Physical	p. 57
Biological	p. 59
Literature Cited	p. 89
Acidification Effects on Biota	p. 99
General	p. 99
Photosynthetic Flora	p. 102
Invertebrates	p. 112
Vertebrates	p. 140
Literature Cited	p. 149
Field Studies	p. 164
General	p. 164
Arctic Ocean	p. 165
Arabian Sea	p. 166
Atlantic Ocean	p. 166
Australia	p. 170
Baltic Sea	p. 171
Belgian Coastal Areas	p. 171
Bering Sea and Environs	p. 172
Bermuda	p. 172
Borneo	p. 173
Caribbean Region	p. 173
Greenland Sea	p. 174
Gulf of Maine	p. 174
Indian Ocean	p. 175
Ischia Island, Italy	p. 176
Japan, Volcano Islands	p. 177
Labrador Sea	p. 177
North American West Coast	p. 178
North Sea	p. 178
Pacific Ocean	p. 179
Red Sea	p. 184
Southern Ocean	p. 185
Tatoosh Island, Washington	p. 187
Literature Cited	p. 188
Modifiers	p. 193
General	p. 193
Methodological	p. 193
Natural Variations	p. 195
Interactions	p. 199
Literature Cited	p. 209
. Mitigation	p. 213
General	p. 213
Ocean Sequestration	p. 214
Declining Water Quality	p. 218
Reduction in Emissions from Airliners	p. 219
Increasing International Cooperation	p. 219
Develop Alternative Technologies	p. 222
Environmental Modification	p. 222
Legislation	p. 223
Literature Cited	p. 224
. Concluding Remarks	p. 228
General Index	p. 233
Species Index	p. 245
About the Author	p. 251
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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Oceanic Acidification: A Comprehensive Overview

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Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials