The Common Core State Standards are an argument that "students' ability to write sound arguments on substantive topics and issues... is critical to college and career readiness."
Michael Smith, Jeffrey Wilhelm, and James Fredricksen believe that school should help students become passionate learners who use literacy to be active citizens. To support this goal, they turn instructional theory and research into accessible, classroom-tested resources like this one. Jeff and Michael are recognized leaders in the field as the authors of the Heinemann titles "Reading Don't Fix No Chevys" and Going with the Flow, while this is Jim's first book-length publication.
Acknowledgments
p. xi
Why Teach This Way? The Theory Behind the Practice
Getting Started
p. 1
Why Argument?
p. 2
Why the Common Core State Standards?
p. 6
So What Do the CCSS Say About Argument?
p. 8
Implications for Planning and Practice
p. 9
Thinking About the Structure of an Effective Argument
p. 11
Turning to Toulmin
p. 12
Claims
Data
Warrants and Backing
Rebuttals, Qualifiers, and Responses
Implications for Planning and Practice
p. 18
Five Kinds of Knowledge, Five Kinds of Composing: The Foundations of Our Practice
p. 19
The Inquiry Square: The Importance of Procedural Knowledge
p. 20
Declarative Knowledge of Form
Declarative Knowledge of Substance
Procedural Knowledge of Form
Procedural Knowledge of Substance
Beyond the Inquiry Square: The Importance of Context
p. 25
A Note on Reading
p. 28
Five Kinds of Composing
p. 28
Composing to Practice
Composing to Plan
First Draft Composing
Final Draft Composing
Composing to Transfer
Implications for Planning and Practice
p. 35
Into the Classroom: Lesson Ideas
Making Argument Matter in the Here and Now
p. 37
Introducing the Elements of Argument
p. 48
Introducing Toulmin's Model
p. 48
Through Talk
Through Ads
Focusing on the Elements of the Model
p. 55
Claims
Data
Determining What's Safe
Thinking About Targeting Data to Your Audience
Generating Data
Warrants
Preparing for and Responding to Anticipated Arguments
Putting It Together in Simulations and Debates
p. 67
An Argument for Simulations and Debates
p. 67
Thinking About Planning
p. 72
Teaching Argument Through the Study of Literature and Reading
p. 22
Interpretive Analyses of Individual Texts
p. 78
Claims
Data
Warrants
Making Judgments About Characters and Their Actions
p. 87
Writing Arguments About Ideas
p. 99
Evaluative Arguments
p. 106
Focusing on Form
p. 113
Developing Sentence Sense
p. 113
Thinking About Organization
p. 121
A Few Words About Assessment
p. 125
In-Class Assessments
p. 125
Large-Scale Assessments
p. 127
Embracing the Challenge
p. 132
The Five Kinds of Knowledge
p. 133
The Five Kinds of Composing
p. 134
Appendix: Unit Example
p. 137
Works Cited
p. 145
Index
p. 153
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