OpenVMS Alpha Internals: Scheduling and

This is the first volume of a series that will update the book OpenVMS AXP and Data Structures Version 1.5. This volume covers the new scheduling model in Open VMS Alpha Version 7.0, which includes executive support for multithreading. It also discusses the life of a process, from creation to deletion. The series is the most comprehensive and detailed description available of any commercial operating system. It is intended for systems programmers, technical consultants, application designers, and other computer professionals interested in learning the details of the OpenVMS Executive. Teachers and students of graduate and advanced undergraduate courses in operating systems will also find this series a valuable study in how theory and practise are resolved in a complex commercial operating system.

Preface

xi

1 Life of a Process

1

(8)

1.1 Process, Image, Kernel Thread, and Job

1

(1)

1.2 Process Context

2

(5)

1.3 Process Life Cycle Stages

7

(2)

2 Scheduling

9

(72)

2.1 Scheduling Data Structures

10

(10)

2.2 Hardware Context

20

(7)

2.3 Kernel Thread Priority

27

(5)

2.4 Scheduling States

32

(9)

2.5 Capabilities and Affinity

41

(4)

2.6 Scheduling Dynamics

45

(23)

2.7 Rescheduling Interrupt

68

(10)

2.8 Class Scheduling

78

(2)

2.9 Relevant Source Modules

80

(1)

3 Event Flags

81

(26)

3.1 Event Flags

81

(5)

3.2 PCB and KTB Fields Related to Event Flags

86

(2)

3.3 Associating to a Common Event Flag Cluster

88

(1)

3.4 Dissociating from a Common Event Flag Cluster

89

(1)

3.5 Deleting a Common Event Flag Cluster

90

(1)

3.6 Waiting for an Event Flag

90

(10)

3.7 Setting an Event Flag

100

(2)

3.8 Reading and Clearing Event Flags

102

(1)

3.9 Correct Use of Event Flags

102

(2)

3.10 Example of Interprocess Synchronization Through Common Event Flags

104

(1)

3.11 Relevant Source Modules

105

(2)

4 Lock Management

107

(44)

4.1 Overview

107

(2)

4.2 Lock Management Data Structures

109

(17)

4.3 Lock Management System Services

126

(15)

4.4 Handling Deadlocks

141

(8)

4.5 Relevant Source Modules

149

(2)

5 Kernel Threads

151

(72)

5.1 Overview

151

(2)

5.2 Multithreading Controls

153

(1)

5.3 Kernel Thread Data Structures

153

(10)

5.4 Transitions to and from Multithreading

163

(6)

5.5 Kernel Thread Creation and Deletion

169

(9)

5.6 Scheduling

178

(4)

5.7 Implications of Shared Memory

182

(1)

5.8 Synchronization within a Multithreaded Process

183

(21)

5.9 Upcalls from the Open VMS Executive to a User Mode Thread Manager

204

(7)

5.10 DECthreads Thread Manager Overview

211

(10)

5.11 Relevant Source Modules

221

(2)

6 Process Control and Communication

223

(40)

6.1 Requirements for Affecting Another Process

224

(5)

6.2 Process Information System Services

229

(14)

6.3 System Services Affecting Process Computability

243

(12)

6.4 Miscellaneous Process Attribute Changes

255

(4)

6.5 Interprocess Communication

259

(2)

6.6 Relevant Source Modules

261

(2)

7 Process Creation

263

(36)

7.1 Overview

263

(2)

7.2 Process Creation in the Context of the Creating Process

265

(14)

7.3 Process Identification

279

(4)

7.4 Swapper's Role in Process Creation

283

(7)

7.5 Process Creation in the Context of the New Process

290

(7)

7.6 Relevant Source Modules

297

(2)

8 Image Activation and Exit

299

(84)

8.1 Images

299

(12)

8.2 Image and Image-Related Data Structures

311

(14)

8.3 Image Activation

325

(23)

8.4 Address Relocations and Fixups

348

(12)

8.5 Image Startup

360

(4)

8.6 Image Exit

364

(6)

8.7 Image and Process Rundown

370

(9)

8.8 Process Privileges

379

(3)

8.9 Relevant Source Modules

382

(1)

9 Translated Image Environment

383

(34)

9.1 Overview

383

(1)

9.2 Emulating the VAX Environment

384

(7)

9.3 Translating an Image

391

(5)

9.4 Calling Standards and Jacketing

396

(8)

9.5 Translated Image Initiation

404

(2)

9.6 Execution within the Translated Environment

406

(9)

9.7 Relevant Source Modules

415

(2)

10 Process Deletion

417

(16)

10.1 Process Deletion in Context of Requesting Process

417

(4)

10.2 Process Deletion in Context of Process Being Deleted

421

(7)

10.3 Process Deletion in System Context

428

(2)

10.4 Deletion of a Process that Owns Subprocesses

430

(2)

10.5 Relevant Source Module

432

(1)

11 Process Dynamics

433

(38)

11.1 Overview

43

(1)

11.2 Single-Image Process

434

(5)

11.3 The Job Controller and Process Creation

439

(3)

11.4 The LOGINOUT Image

442

(10)

11.5 CLIs and Image Processing

452

(9)

11.6 SPAWN and ATTACH

461

(5)

11.7 Multiple-Image Processes

466

(2)

11.8 LOGINOUT's Other Roles

468

(2)

11.9 Relevant Source Modules

470

(1)

App. A Lock and Resource Use by OPen VMS Components

471

(28)

A.1 Aspects of Resource and Lock Use

471

(2)

A.2 Executive Lock Use

473

(3)

A.3 $MOUNT Lock Use

476

(1)

A.4 $DISMOU Lock Use

477

(1)

A.5 File System Lock Use

478

(7)

A.6 RMS Lock Use

485

(10)

A.7 Image Activator and Install Utility Lock Use

495

(2)

A.8 NETACP Lock Use

497

(4)

A.9 Job Controller and Queue Manager Lock Use

501

(6)

A.10 SYSMAN Lock Use

507

(2)

Selected Acronyms

509

(10)

Index

519

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