Organization Theory and Design

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ISBN: 9780324156911 | 032415691X
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 7/8/2003

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Richard Daft's best-selling text, Organization Theory and Design, integrates the most recent thinking about organizations, classic ideas and theories, iand real world practice, in a way that is interesting and enjoyable for students. This edition includes many updates including a new chapter on international issues and revisions of other chapters to include the most recent ideas and events. While organization studies and real world examples are insightful for understanding organizations and solve real-world problems, Daft also integrates numerous features that give students opportunity to apply concepts and develop skills and insights.

Preface

xii

PART ONE INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONS

(48)

Chapter One

Organizations and Organization Theory

(1)

A Look Inside Xerox Corporation

(3)

Organization Theory in Action

(3)

Topics

(1)

Current Challenges

(3)

Leading by Design Royal Dutch/Shell

(1)

Purpose of This Chapter

(1)

What is an Organization?

(4)

Definition

(1)

Types of Organizations

(1)

Importance of Organizations

(2)

Perspectives on Organizations

(2)

Open Systems

(1)

Organizational Configuration

(1)

Dimensions of Organization Design

(4)

Structural Dimensions

(1)

Contextual Dimensions

(2)

In Practice W. L. Gore & Associates

(3)

Performance and Effectiveness Outcomes

(1)

In Practice Knight Ridder

(1)

The Evolution of Organization Theory and Design

(3)

Historical Perspectives

(2)

Contemporary Organization Design

(1)

Book Mark 1.0 The Company of the Future: How the Communications Revolution Is Changing Management

(5)

Efficient Performance Versus the Learning Organization

(4)

In Practice Cementos Mexicanos

(1)

Framework for the Book

(4)

Levels of Analysis

(1)

Plan of the Book

(2)

Summary and Interpretation

(2)

Chapter 1 Workbook Measuring Dimensions of Organizations

(1)

Case for Analysis S-S Technologies, Inc. (A)---Introduction

(2)

Case for Analysis S-S Technologies, Inc. (D)---Organizational Design

(8)

PART TWO ORGANIZATIONAL PURPOSE AND STRUCTURAL DESIGN

(84)

Chapter Two

Strategy, Organization Design, and Effectiveness

(1)

A Look Inside 3M Corporation

(1)

Purpose of This Chapter

(1)

The Role of Strategic Direction in Organization Design

(2)

Book Mark 2.0 Competing on the Edge: Strategy as Structured Chaos

(1)

Organizational Purpose

(3)

Mission

(1)

Operative Goals

(3)

Leading by Design Marriott

(1)

The Importance of Goals

(1)

A Framework for Selecting Strategy and Design

(2)

Porter's Competitive Strategies

(1)

In Practice Charles Schwab & Company

(4)

Miles and Snow's Strategy Typology

(1)

How Strategies Affect Organization Design

(1)

Other Factors Affecting Organization Design

(1)

Assessing Organizational Effectiveness

(1)

Contingency Effectiveness Approaches

(2)

Goal Approach

(2)

In Practice Nortel

(2)

Resource-Based Approach

(1)

Internal Process Approach

(1)

An Integrated Effectiveness Model

(3)

In Practice Chrysler Corporation

(1)

Summary and Interpretation

(2)

Chapter 2 Workbook Identifying Company Goals and Strategies

(1)

Case for Analysis The University Art Museum

(3)

Case for Analysis Airstar, Inc.

(1)

Chapter 2 Workshop Competing Values and Organizational Effectiveness

(4)

Chapter Three

Fundamentals of Organization Structure

(1)

A Look Inside Cunningham Motor Company

(1)

Purpose of This Chapter

(1)

Organization Structure

(2)

Book Mark 3.0 Futurize Your Enterprise: Business Strategy in the Age of the E-Customer

(1)

Information-Processing Perspective on Structure

(2)

Vertical Information Linkages

(1)

In Practice Oracle Corporation

(4)

Horizontal Information Linkages

(3)

In Practice Nissan

(2)

Organization Design Alternatives

(3)

Required Work Activities

(1)

Reporting Relationships

(1)

Departmental Grouping Options

(2)

Functional, Divisional, and Geographical Designs

(1)

Functional Structure

(1)

In Practice Blue Bell Creameries, Inc.

100

(3)

Functional Structure with Horizontal Linkages

101

(1)

Divisional Structure

101

(2)

In Practice Microsoft

103

(2)

Geographical Structure

104

(1)

Matrix Structure

105

(3)

Conditions for the Matrix

105

(2)

Strengths and Weaknesses

107

(1)

In Practice Worldwide Steel

108

(2)

Horizontal Structure

110

(2)

Characteristics

111

(1)

In Practice GE Salisbury

112

(2)

Strengths and Weaknesses

113

(1)

Modular Structure

114

(3)

How the Structure Works

114

(1)

Strengths and Weaknesses

115

(2)

Hybrid Structure

117

(2)

Applications of Structural Design

119

(1)

Structural Alignment

119

(1)

Symptoms of Structural Deficiency

120

(1)

Summary and Interpretation

120

(2)

Chapter 3 Workbook You and Organization Structure

122

(1)

Case for Analysis C & C Grocery Stores, Inc.

123

(3)

Case for Analysis Aquarius Advertising Agency

126

(7)

PART THREE OPEN SYSTEM DESIGN ELEMENTS

133

(108)

Chapter Four

The External Environment

134

(1)

A Look Inside Guiltless Gourmet

135

(1)

Purpose of This Chapter

136

(1)

The Environmental Domain

136

(4)

Task Environment

136

(2)

General Environment

138

(1)

International Context

139

(1)

In Practice Ford Motor Company

140

(1)

Environmental Uncertainty

140

(4)

Simple---Complex Dimension

141

(1)

Stable---Unstable Dimension

142

(1)

Framework

142

(2)

Adapting to Environmental Uncertainty

144

(2)

Positions and Departments

144

(1)

Buffering and Boundary Spanning

144

(2)

In Practice Tommy Hilfiger

146

(4)

Differentiation and Integration

146

(2)

Organic Versus Mechanistic Management Processes

148

(1)

Planning, Forecasting, and Responsiveness

149

(1)

Leading by Design Rowe Furniture Company

150

(1)

Book Mark 4.0 It's Not the Big That Eat the Small . . . It's the Fast that Eat the Slow

151

(1)

Framework for Organizational Responses to Uncertainty

152

(1)

Resource Dependence

153

(1)

In Practice Nokia Corporation

153

(1)

Controlling Environmental Resources

154

(3)

Establishing Interorganizational Linkages

155

(2)

Controlling the Environmental Domain

157

(1)

In Practice Schering-Plough Corporation

157

(2)

Organization-Environment Integrative Framework

159

(1)

Summary and Interpretation

159

(3)

Chapter 4 Workbook Organizations You Rely On

162

(1)

Case for Analysis The Paradoxical Twins: Acme and Omega Electronics

163

(7)

Chapter Five

Interorganizational Relationships

170

(1)

A Look Inside U. S. Army, Anniston, Alabama, Depot

171

(1)

Purpose of This Chapter

172

(1)

Organizational Ecosystems

172

(4)

Is Competition Dead?

173

(2)

The Changing Role of Management

175

(1)

Interorganizational Framework

175

(1)

Resource Dependence

176

(5)

From Adversaries to Partners

179

(2)

In Practice Bombardier

181

(1)

Book Mark 5.0 Managing Strategic Relationships: The Key to Business Success

181

(1)

Population Ecology

182

(3)

Organizational Form and Niche

184

(1)

Process of Ecological Change

184

(1)

Leading by Design Shazam---It's Magic!

185

(2)

Strategies for Survival

186

(1)

In Practice Starbucks Coffee

187

(1)

Institutionalism

188

(1)

In Practice JetBlue

188

(4)

The Institutional View and Organization Design

189

(1)

Institutional Similarity

190

(2)

Summary and Interpretation

192

(2)

Chapter 5 Workbook Management Fads

194

(1)

Case for Analysis Oxford Plastics Company

195

(1)

Case for Analysis Hugh Russel, Inc

196

(3)

Chapter 5 Workshop Ugli Orange Case

199

(5)

Chapter Six

Designing Organizations for the International Environment

204

(1)

A Look Inside Starbucks

205

(1)

Purpose of This Chapter

206

(1)

Entering the Global Arena

206

(4)

Motivations for Global Expansion

206

(2)

Stages of International Development

208

(1)

Global Expansion Through International Strategic Alliances

209

(1)

In Practice STMicroelectronics NV

210

(1)

Designing Structure to Fit Global Strategy

211

(5)

Model for Global Versus Local Opportunities

211

(2)

International Division

213

(1)

Global Product Division Structure

214

(1)

Global Geographic Division Structures

214

(2)

In Practice Colgate-Palmolive Company

216

(1)

Global Matrix Structure

217

(1)

In Practice Asea Brown Boveri Ltd. (ABB)

217

(2)

Building Global Capabilities

219

(5)

The Global Organizational Challenge

219

(3)

Global Coordination Mechanisms

222

(2)

Cultural Differences in Coordination and Control

224

(1)

National Value Systems

224

(1)

Three National Approaches to Coordination and Control

224

(1)

Book Mark 6.0 Cross-Cultural Business Behavior: Marketing, Negotiation and Managing Across Cultures

225

(1)

The Transnational Model of Organization

226

(4)

Summary and Interpretation

230

(2)

Chapter 6 Workbook Made in the U.S.A.?

232

(1)

Case for Analysis TopDog Software

232

(1)

Case for Analysis Rhodes Industries

233

(3)

Chapter 6 Workshop Comparing Cultures

236

(5)

PART FOUR INTERNAL DESIGN ELEMENTS

241

(116)

Chapter Seven

Manufacturing and Service Technologies

242

(1)

A Look Inside French Rags

243

(3)

Purpose of This Chapter

245

(1)

Core Organization Manufacturing Technology

246

(3)

Manufacturing Firms

246

(3)

In Practice Printronix

249

(2)

Flexible Manufacturing

250

(1)

Book Mark 7.0 Inviting Disaster: Lessons from the Edge of Technology

251

(3)

Leading by Design Dell Computer

254

(1)

Core Organization Service Technology

255

(3)

Service Firms

255

(2)

Designing the Service Organization

257

(1)

In Practice Pret A Manger

258

(1)

Noncore Departmental Technology

259

(3)

Variety

259

(1)

Analyzability

260

(1)

Framework

260

(2)

Department Design

262

(2)

In Practice Parkland Memorial Hospital

264

(1)

Workflow Interdependence Among Departments

264

(4)

Types

265

(2)

Structural Priority

267

(1)

Structural Implications

267

(1)

In Practice Athletic Teams

268

(1)

Impact of Technology on Job Design

269

(3)

Job Design

269

(1)

Sociotechnical Systems

270

(2)

Summary and Interpretation

272

(2)

Chapter 7 Workbook Bistro Technology

274

(1)

Case for Analysis Acetate Department

275

(9)

Chapter Eight

Information Technology and Control

284

(1)

A Look Inside Progressive Insurance

285

(1)

Purpose of This Chapter

286

(1)

Information Technology Evolution

286

(2)

Information for Decision Making and Control

288

(4)

Organizational Decision-Making Systems

289

(1)

Feedback Control Model

290

(1)

Management Control Systems

290

(2)

In Practice TNT UK

292

(3)

The Balanced Scorecard

293

(2)

Information as a Strategic Weapon: Networking for Internal Coordination

295

(3)

Intranets

295

(1)

Enterprise Resource Planning

295

(2)

Knowledge Management

297

(1)

Book Mark 8.0 The Myth of the Paperless Office

298

(2)

In Practice DPR Construction, Inc

300

(1)

Information as a Strategic Weapon: Strengthening External Relationships

301

(1)

Electronic Data Interchange and Extranets

301

(1)

In Practice Enterprise Rent-A-Car

302

(2)

The Integrated Enterprise

303

(1)

Leading by Design Corrugated Supplies

304

(2)

E-Business Organization Design

305

(1)

In Practice Tesco.com

306

(1)

IT Impact on Organization Design

307

(3)

Summary and Interpretation

310

(1)

Chapter 8 Workbook Are You Fast Enough to Succeed in Internet Time?

311

(2)

Case for Analysis Century Medical

313

(1)

Case for Analysis Product X

314

(4)

Chapter Nine

Organization Size, Life Cycle, and Decline

318

(1)

A Look Inside Interpol

319

(1)

Purpose of This Chapter

320

(1)

Organization Size: Is Bigger Better?

320

(4)

Pressures for Growth

320

(1)

Dilemmas of Large Size

321

(3)

Book Mark 9.0 Execution: The Discipline of Getting Things Done

324

(1)

Organizational Life Cycle

325

(3)

Stages of Life Cycle Development

325

(3)

In Practice Yahoo!

328

(3)

Organizational Characteristics During the Life Cycle

329

(2)

Organizational Bureaucracy and Control

331

(1)

What Is Bureaucracy?

331

(1)

In Practice United Parcel Service

332

(2)

Size and Structural Control

333

(1)

Bureaucracy in a Changing World

334

(3)

Organizing Temporary Systems for Flexibility and Innovation

335

(1)

Other Approaches to Reducing Bureaucracy

336

(1)

Leading by Design The Salvation Army

337

(1)

Organizational Control Strategies

338

(2)

Bureaucratic Control

338

(1)

Market Control

339

(1)

In Practice Imperial Oil Limited

340

(1)

Clan Control

340

(1)

In Practice Columbus Mills

341

(1)

Organizational Decline and Downsizing

342

(3)

Definition and Causes

343

(1)

A Model of Decline Stages

343

(2)

In Practice Arthur Andersen

345

(2)

Downsizing Implementation

346

(1)

Summary and Interpretation

347

(2)

Chapter 9 Workbook Control Mechanisms

349

(1)

Case for Analysis Sunflower Incorporated

350

(1)

Chapter 9 Workshop Windsock, Inc

351

(6)

PART FIVE MANAGING DYNAMIC PROCESSES

357

(167)

Chapter Ten

Organizational Culture and Ethical Values

358

(1)

A Look Inside PSS World Medical

359

(2)

Purpose of This Chapter

360

(1)

Organizational Culture

361

(2)

What is Culture?

361

(1)

Emergence and Purpose of Culture

361

(1)

Interpreting Culture

362

(1)

Book Mark 10.0 Good to Great: Why Some Companies Make the Leap ... And Others Don't

363

(3)

Organization Design and Culture

366

(3)

The Adaptability Culture

367

(1)

The Mission Culture

368

(1)

The Clan Culture

368

(1)

In Practice MTW Corp

369

(1)

The Bureaucratic Culture

369

(1)

Culture Strength and Organizational Subcultures

370

(1)

In Practice Pitney Bowes Credit Corporation

370

(1)

Culture and the Learning Organization

371

(2)

Ethical Values in Organizations

373

(2)

Leading by Design Commerce Bank

375

(1)

Sources of Ethical Values in Organizations

376

(3)

Personal Ethics

377

(1)

Organizational Culture

377

(1)

Organizational Systems

378

(1)

External Shareholders

378

(1)

How Leaders Shape Culture and Ethics

379

(2)

Values-Based Leadership

380

(1)

In Practice Kingston Technology Co

381

(3)

Formal Structure and Systems

381

(3)

In Practice Holt Companies

384

(1)

Corporate Culture and Ethics in a Global Environment

385

(1)

Summary and Interpretation

386

(2)

Chapter 10 Workbook Shop 'til You Drop: Corporate Culture in the Retail World

388

(2)

Case for Analysis Implementing Change at National Industrial Products

390

(1)

Case for Analysis Does this Milkshake Taste Funny?

391

(3)

Chapter 10 Workshop The Power of Ethics

394

(4)

Chapter Eleven

Innovation and Change

398

(1)

A Look Inside Procter & Gamble

399

(1)

Purpose of This Chapter

400

(1)

Innovate or Perish: The Strategic Role of Change

400

(4)

Incremental Versus Radical Change

400

(2)

Strategic Types of Change

402

(2)

Elements for Successful Change

404

(2)

Leading by Design Google

406

(1)

Technology Change

407

(4)

The Ambidextrous Approach

407

(1)

Techniques for Encouraging Technology Change

408

(3)

In Practice Nokia

411

(1)

New Products and Services

411

(3)

New Product Success Rate

412

(1)

Reasons for New Product Success

412

(1)

Horizontal Linkage Model

413

(1)

In Practice Mattel

414

(2)

Achieving Competitive Advantage: The Need for Speed

415

(1)

Strategy and Structure Change

416

(3)

The Dual-Core Approach

417

(1)

Organization Design for Implementing Administrative Change

417

(2)

In Practice Hire Quality Inc.

419

(1)

Culture Change

420

(1)

Forces for Culture Change

420

(1)

In Practice Electronic Data Systems

421

(2)

OD Culture Change Interventions

422

(1)

Strategies for Implementing Change

423

(1)

Leadership for Change

423

(1)

Book Mark 11.0 The Change Monster: The Human Forces That Fuel or Foil Corporate Transformation and Change

424

(4)

Barriers to Change

426

(1)

Techniques for Implementation

426

(2)

Summary and Interpretation

428

(2)

Chapter 11 Workbook Innovation Climate

430

(2)

Case for Analysis Shoe Corporation of Illinois

432

(5)

Case for Analysis Southern Discomfort

437

(7)

Chapter Twelve

Decision-Making Processes

444

(1)

A Look Inside Avon Products

445

(1)

Purpose of This Chapter

446

(1)

Definitions

446

(1)

Individual Decision Making

447

(3)

Rational Approach

448

(2)

In Practice Alberta Consulting

450

(3)

Bounded Rationality Perspective

451

(2)

Leading by Design Motek

453

(2)

In Practice Paramount Pictures

455

(1)

Organizational Decision Making

455

(1)

Management Science Approach

455

(1)

In Practice National Broadcasting Company (NBC)

456

(3)

Carnegie Model

458

(1)

In Practice Encyclopaedia Britannica

459

(4)

Incremental Decision Process Model

460

(3)

In Practice Gillette Company

463

(1)

The Learning Organization

464

(4)

Combining the Incremental Process and Carnegie Models

464

(1)

Garbage Can Model

465

(3)

In Practice Casablanca

468

(1)

Contingency Decision-Making Framework

469

(4)

Problem Consensus

470

(1)

Technical Knowledge About Solutions

470

(1)

Contingency Framework

471

(2)

Special Decision Circumstances

473

(1)

High-Velocity Environments

473

(1)

Book Mark 12.0 Winning Decisions: Getting It Right the First Time

474

(2)

Decision Mistakes and Learning

475

(1)

Escalating Commitment

475

(1)

Summary and Interpretation

476

(2)

Chapter 12 Workbook Decision Styles

478

(1)

Case for Analysis Cracking the Whip

479

(1)

Case for Analysis The Dilemma of Aliesha State College: Competence Versus Need

480

(6)

Chapter Thirteen

Conflict, Power, and Politics

486

(1)

A Look Inside Pacific Medical Center

487

(1)

Purpose of This Chapter

487

(1)

Intergroup Conflict in Organizations

487

(4)

Sources of Conflict

489

(2)

Leading by Design Advanced Cardiovascular Systems (ACS)

491

(2)

Rational Versus Political Model

492

(1)

Power and Organizations

493

(4)

Individual Versus Organizational Power

493

(1)

Power Versus Authority

494

(1)

Vertical Sources of Power

494

(3)

In Practice Morgan Stanley Dean Witter

497

(4)

Horizontal Sources of Power

498

(3)

In Practice University of Illinois

501

(1)

In Practice Crystal Manufacturing

502

(1)

Political Processes in Organizations

503

(2)

Definition

504

(1)

When is Political Activity Used?

504

(1)

Using Power, Politics, and Collaboration

505

(4)

Tactics for Increasing Power

506

(1)

Political Tactics for Using Power

507

(2)

In Practice Yahoo!

509

(1)

Book Mark 13.0 Influence: Science and Practice

509

(1)

Tactics for Enhancing Collaboration

510

(1)

In Practice Aluminum Company of America/International Association of Machinists

510

(3)

Summary and Interpretation

513

(2)

Chapter 13 Workbook How Do You Handle Conflict?

515

(1)

Case for Analysis The Daily Tribune

516

(2)

Case for Analysis Pierre Dux

518

(6)

INTEGRATIVE CASES

524

(76)

It Isn't So Simple: Infrastructure Change at Royce Consulting

526

(5)

Custom Chip, Inc.

531

(7)

W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc., Entering 1998

538

(17)

XEL Communications, Inc. (C) Forming a Strategic Partnership

555

(7)

National Bank of San Francisco

562

(3)

The Audubon Zoo

565

(15)

Dowling Flexible Metals

580

(4)

Littleton Manufacturing (A)

584

(13)

Littleton Manufacturing (B)

597

(3)

Glossary

600

(7)

Name Index

607

(9)

Corporate Index

616

(3)

Subject Index

619

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Organization Theory and Design

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Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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