- ISBN: 9780471394082 | 0471394084
- Cover: Hardcover
- Copyright: 6/1/2000
Environment | |
Organizational Behavior Today | p. 1 |
Good Ideas + Entrepreneurship = Success | p. 1 |
Organizational Behavior Today | p. 3 |
What Is Organizational Behavior? | p. 3 |
Shifting Paradigms of Organizational Behavior | p. 4 |
Organizational Behavior and Diversity | p. 5 |
Learning About Organizational Behavior | p. 5 |
Organizational Behavior and the Learning Imperative | p. 5 |
Scientific Foundations of Organizational Behavior | p. 6 |
Organizations as Work Settings | p. 7 |
Purpose, Mission, and Strategies | p. 8 |
People and Work Systems | p. 9 |
Organizational Behavior and Management | p. 10 |
The Nature of Managerial Work | p. 10 |
The Management Process | p. 10 |
Managerial Roles and Networks | p. 11 |
Managerial Skills and Competencies | p. 12 |
Ethics and Organizational Behavior | p. 13 |
Ways of Thinking About Ethical Behavior | p. 14 |
Ethical Dilemmas in the Workplace | p. 14 |
Organizational Social Responsibility | p. 15 |
Work and the Quality of Life | p. 15 |
Chapter 1 Study Guide | |
Summary | p. 17 |
Key Terms | p. 18 |
Self-Test 1 | p. 18 |
The High Performance Organization | p. 21 |
Ownership Begins at the Grassroots | p. 21 |
High Performance Context of Organizational Behavior | p. 22 |
Organizational Behavior and Changing Customer Expectations | p. 23 |
Organizational Behavior and the Changing Workforce | p. 24 |
Organizational Behavior and Changing Organizations | p. 25 |
What is a High Performance Organization? | p. 26 |
Emphasis on Intellectual Capital | p. 26 |
Key Components of High Performance Organizations | p. 27 |
Management Challenges of High Performance Organizations | p. 29 |
Environmental Linkages | p. 29 |
Internal Integration | p. 30 |
Middle Managers Roles | p. 30 |
High Level Leadership | p. 31 |
Greenfield Sites versus Redesigns | p. 32 |
Illustrative Case: Creating a High Performance Organization | p. 32 |
Change Leadership | p. 33 |
Total Systems Commitment | p. 33 |
Implementation Processes | p. 34 |
Chapter 2 Study Guide | |
Summary | p. 35 |
Key Terms | p. 36 |
Self-Test 2 | p. 37 |
Global Dimensions of Organizational Behavior | p. 39 |
Culture and Competitive Advantage | p. 39 |
Organizational Behavior and Globalization | p. 41 |
A Global Economy | p. 41 |
Regional Economic Alliances | p. 42 |
Global Quality Standards | p. 42 |
Global Managers | p. 43 |
Cultures and Cultural Diversity | p. 44 |
Values and National Cultures | p. 46 |
Understanding Cultural Differences | p. 48 |
Globalization and People at Work | p. 49 |
Multinational Employers | p. 49 |
Multicultural Workforces | p. 50 |
Expatriate Work Assignments | p. 50 |
Ethical Behavior Across Cultures | p. 52 |
A Global View of Organizational Learning | p. 54 |
Are Management Theories Universal? | p. 54 |
Best Practices Around the World | p. 55 |
Chapter 3 Study Guide | |
Summary | p. 56 |
Key Terms | p. 57 |
Self-Test 3 | p. 57 |
Managing Individuals | |
Diversity and Individual Differences | p. 59 |
Lifestyle Meets Work Style | p. 59 |
Workforce Diversity | p. 61 |
Equal Employment Opportunity | p. 61 |
Managing Diversity | p. 62 |
Demographic Differences | p. 62 |
Gender | p. 62 |
Age | p. 63 |
Able-Bodiedness | p. 63 |
Racial and Ethnic Groups | p. 63 |
Aptitude and Ability | p. 64 |
Personality | p. 64 |
Personality Determinants and Development | p. 65 |
Personality Traits and Classification | p. 67 |
Social Traits | p. 67 |
Personal Conception Traits | p. 69 |
Emotional Adjustment Traits | p. 71 |
Personality and Self-Concepts | p. 72 |
Values and Attitudes | p. 72 |
Values | p. 72 |
Attitudes | p. 75 |
Managing Diversity and Individual Differences | p. 77 |
Chapter 4 Study Guide | |
Summary | p. 79 |
Key Terms | p. 80 |
Self-Test 4 | p. 81 |
Perception and Attribution | p. 83 |
When a Woman Takes the Helm | p. 83 |
The Perceptual Process | p. 84 |
Factors Influencing the Perceptual Process | p. 85 |
Stages of the Perceptual Process | p. 87 |
Response to the Perceptual Process | p. 90 |
Common Perceptual Distortions | p. 90 |
Stereotypes or Prototypes | p. 90 |
Halo Effects | p. 91 |
Selective Perception | p. 91 |
Projection | p. 92 |
Contrast Effects | p. 92 |
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy | p. 93 |
Managing the Perceptual Process | p. 93 |
Impression Management | p. 94 |
Distortion Management | p. 94 |
Attribution Theory | p. 95 |
Attribution Errors | p. 96 |
Attributions Across Cultures | p. 96 |
Chapter 5 Study Guide | |
Summary | p. 97 |
Key Terms | p. 98 |
Self-Test 5 | p. 98 |
Motivation and Reinforcement | p. 101 |
Motivation Through Innovation | p. 101 |
What Is Motivation? | p. 102 |
Reinforcement, Content, and Process Theories | p. 103 |
Motivation Across Cultures | p. 103 |
Reinforcement | p. 103 |
Classical and Operant Conditioning | p. 104 |
Reinforcement Strategies | p. 105 |
Reinforcement Perspectives: Usage and Ethical Issues | p. 110 |
Content Theories of Motivation | p. 110 |
Hierarchy of Needs Theory | p. 111 |
ERG Theory | p. 112 |
Acquired Needs Theory | p. 112 |
Two-Factor Theory | p. 113 |
Process Theories | p. 115 |
Equity Theory | p. 115 |
Expectancy Theory | p. 116 |
Integrating the Motivation Theories | p. 118 |
Job Satisfaction | p. 118 |
Job Satisfaction, Retention and Performance | p. 119 |
Integrated Model of Motivation | p. 121 |
Chapter 6 Study Guide | |
Summary | p. 122 |
Key Terms | p. 124 |
Self-Test 6 | p. 124 |
Human Resource Management Systems | p. 127 |
Employee Recruiting Goes High Tech | p. 127 |
Human Resource Strategy and Practice | p. 128 |
Job Analysis | p. 129 |
Recruitment | p. 130 |
Selection | p. 131 |
Training and Career Planning and Development | p. 132 |
Training | p. 132 |
Career Planning and Development | p. 133 |
Performance Appraisal | p. 135 |
Purposes of Performance Appraisal | p. 136 |
Who Does the Performance Appraisal? | p. 137 |
Dimensions and Standards of Performance Appraisal | p. 138 |
Performance Appraisal Methods | p. 139 |
Measurement Errors in Performance Appraisal | p. 142 |
Improving Performance Appraisals | p. 144 |
Group Evaluation | p. 145 |
Rewards and Reward Systems | p. 145 |
Pay as an Extrinsic Reward | p. 145 |
Creative Pay Practices | p. 146 |
Chapter 7 Study Guide | |
Summary | p. 149 |
Key Terms | p. 150 |
Self-Test 7 | p. 150 |
High Performance Job Designs | p. 153 |
How to Brew a Great Workplace | p. 153 |
Job Design Approaches | p. 155 |
Scientific Management | p. 155 |
Job Enlargement and Job Rotation | p. 156 |
Job Enrichment | p. 156 |
Designing Jobs to Increase Motivation | p. 157 |
Job Characteristics Model | p. 157 |
Social Information Processing | p. 159 |
Managerial and Global Implications | p. 160 |
Technology and Job Design | p. 160 |
Automation and Robotics | p. 161 |
Flexible Manufacturing Systems | p. 161 |
Electronic Offices | p. 161 |
Work-flow and Process Reengineering | p. 162 |
Goal Setting and Job Design | p. 162 |
Goal Setting Theory | p. 163 |
Goal Setting Guidelines | p. 163 |
Goal Setting and MBO | p. 165 |
Alternative Work Arrangements | p. 166 |
Compressed Work Weeks | p. 166 |
Flexible Working Hours | p. 166 |
Job Sharing | p. 167 |
Work at Home and the Virtual Office | p. 167 |
Part-Time Work | p. 168 |
Chapter 8 Study Guide | |
Summary | p. 169 |
Key Terms | p. 171 |
Self-Test 8 | p. 171 |
Managing Groups | |
The Nature of Groups | p. 173 |
Groups Can Bring Out the Best | p. 173 |
Groups in Organizations | p. 174 |
What is an Effective Group? | p. 175 |
Unique Contributions of Groups | p. 175 |
Formal Groups | p. 177 |
Informal Groups | p. 178 |
Stages of Group Development | p. 178 |
Forming Stage | p. 179 |
Storming Stage | p. 179 |
Norming Stage | p. 179 |
Performing Stage | p. 180 |
Adjourning Stage | p. 180 |
Input Foundations of Group Effectiveness | p. 181 |
Tasks | p. 181 |
Goals, Rewards, and Resources | p. 182 |
Technology | p. 182 |
Membership Characteristics | p. 182 |
Group Size | p. 183 |
Group and Intergroup Dynamics | p. 184 |
What Goes on Within Groups | p. 184 |
What Goes on Between Groups | p. 185 |
Decision Making in Groups | p. 185 |
How Groups Make Decisions | p. 185 |
Assets and Liabilities of Group Decision Making | p. 186 |
Groupthink | p. 187 |
How to Improve Group Decision Making | p. 187 |
Chapter 9 Study Guide | |
Summary | p. 189 |
Key Terms | p. 190 |
Self-Test 9 | p. 190 |
Teamwork and High Performance Teams | p. 193 |
Putting Creativity to Work | p. 193 |
High Performance Teams | p. 194 |
Types of Teams | p. 195 |
The Nature of Teamwork | p. 196 |
Diversity and Team Performance | p. 196 |
Team Building | p. 197 |
How Team Building Works | p. 198 |
Approaches to Team Building | p. 198 |
Improving Team Processes | p. 199 |
New Member Problems | p. 200 |
Task and Maintenance Leadership | p. 200 |
Roles and Role Dynamics | p. 201 |
Positive Norms | p. 203 |
Team Cohesiveness | p. 203 |
Teams and the High Performance Workplace | p. 205 |
Problem-Solving Teams | p. 205 |
Cross-Functional Teams | p. 206 |
Virtual Teams | p. 206 |
Self-Managing Teams | p. 207 |
Chapter 10 Study Guide | |
Summary | p. 209 |
Key Terms | p. 210 |
Self-Test 10 | p. 210 |
Managing Organizations | |
Basic Attributes of Organizations | p. 213 |
Integrating Systems for Improved Problem Solving | p. 213 |
Contributions and Goals of Organizations | p. 214 |
Societal Contributions of Organizations | p. 215 |
Primary Beneficiaries | p. 215 |
Output Goals | p. 216 |
Systems Goals and Organizational Survival | p. 216 |
Formal Structures and the Division of Labor | p. 217 |
Vertical Specialization | p. 218 |
Chain of Command and the Span of Control | p. 219 |
Line and Staff Units | p. 219 |
What to Do With the Staff | p. 220 |
Information Systems and Managerial Techniques | p. 221 |
Control | p. 222 |
Output Controls | p. 222 |
Process Controls | p. 223 |
Allocating Formal Authority: Centralization and Decentralization | p. 225 |
Horizontal Specialization | p. 226 |
Departmentation by Function | p. 226 |
Departmentation by Division | p. 227 |
Departmentation by Matrix | p. 228 |
Mixed Forms of departmentation | p. 230 |
Coordination | p. 230 |
Personal Methods of Coordination | p. 230 |
Impersonal Methods of Coordination | p. 231 |
The Bureaucracy | p. 232 |
Types of Bureaucracies | p. 232 |
Chapter 11 Study Guide | |
Summary | p. 235 |
Key Terms | p. 236 |
Self-Test 11 | p. 237 |
Information Technology and Organizational Design | p. 239 |
Information and Technology Fuel a New Spirit | p. 239 |
Organizational Design and Size | p. 240 |
The Simple Design for Smaller Units and Firms | p. 241 |
Operations Technology and Organizational Design | p. 242 |
Thompson's View of Technology | p. 242 |
Woodward's View of Technology | p. 242 |
Where Operations Technology Dominates: The Adhocracy | p. 243 |
Information Technology and Organizational Design | p. 243 |
IT as a Substitute | p. 244 |
IT as a Capability for Learning | p. 245 |
IT as a Strategic Capability | p. 246 |
Environment and Organizational Design | p. 248 |
Environmental Complexity | p. 248 |
Using Alliances Where Environmental Factors Dominate | p. 249 |
Strategy and Organizational Design | p. 251 |
Competency-Based Strategies | p. 251 |
Strategic Competency Through Learning | p. 252 |
Knowledge Acquisition | p. 252 |
Information Distribution | p. 255 |
Information Interpretation | p. 255 |
Information Retention | p. 256 |
Strategic Organizational Learning Cycles | p. 257 |
Deficit Cycles | p. 257 |
Benefit Cycles | p. 258 |
Cellular Form: A Design for the Future | p. 258 |
Chapter 12 Study Guide | |
Summary | p. 259 |
Key Terms | p. 260 |
Self-Test 12 | p. 260 |
High Performance Organizational Cultures | p. 263 |
The Internet Changes Everything | p. 263 |
The Concept of Organizational Culture | p. 264 |
The Functions and Components of Organizational Culture | p. 265 |
Dominant Culture, Subcultures, and Countercultures | p. 267 |
Levels of Cultural Analysis | p. 269 |
Observable Aspects of Organizational Culture | p. 269 |
Stories, Rites, Rituals, and Symbols | p. 270 |
Cultural Rules and Roles | p. 271 |
The Evolution of Shared Meanings from Observable Culture | p. 271 |
Values and Organizational Culture | p. 271 |
Management Philosophy | p. 272 |
Organizational Myths | p. 272 |
National Culture Influences | p. 273 |
Managing Organizational Culture | p. 274 |
Building, Reinforcing, and Changing Culture | p. 274 |
Continuous Cultural Development | p. 276 |
Organizational Development Processes and Applications | p. 276 |
Underlying Assumptions of OD | p. 277 |
Shared Values and Principles Underlying OD | p. 277 |
Action Research Foundations of OD | p. 277 |
Organizational Development Interventions | p. 279 |
Chapter 13 Study Guide | |
Summary | p. 282 |
Key Terms | p. 283 |
Self-Test 13 | p. 283 |
Managing Processes | |
High Performance Leadership | p. 285 |
Where Speed Creates the Difference | p. 285 |
Leadership and Management | p. 286 |
Trait and Behavioral Theories Perspectives | p. 287 |
Trait Theories | p. 287 |
Behavioral Theories | p. 288 |
Situational Contingency Theories | p. 290 |
Fiedler's Leadership Contingency Theory | p. 291 |
House's Path-Goal Theory of Leadership | p. 293 |
Substitutes for Leadership | p. 297 |
Attribution Theory and Leadership | p. 298 |
Leadership Prototypes | p. 298 |
Exaggeration of the Leadership Difference | p. 299 |
Leadership Transitions for High Performance Organizations | p. 299 |
Charismatic Approaches | p. 300 |
Transformational versus Transactional Approaches | p. 301 |
Leadership in High Performance Work Teams | p. 302 |
New Leadership Issues | p. 304 |
Chapter 14 Study Guide | |
Summary | p. 305 |
Key Terms | p. 307 |
Self-Test 14 | p. 307 |
Power and Politics | p. 309 |
The Advantages of Empowerment | p. 309 |
Power | p. 311 |
Position Power | p. 311 |
Personal Power | p. 312 |
Acquiring and Using Power and Influence | p. 312 |
Turning Power into Relational Influence | p. 315 |
Power, Formal Authority, and Obedience | p. 316 |
Empowerment | p. 319 |
The Power Keys to Empowerment | p. 319 |
Power as an Expanding Pie | p. 320 |
Organizational Politics | p. 321 |
The Two Traditions of Organizational Politics | p. 321 |
The Double-Edged Sword of Organizational Politics | p. 322 |
Organizational Politics and Self-Protection | p. 323 |
Political Action and the Manager | p. 324 |
Political Action and Subunit Power | p. 325 |
Political Action in the Chief Executive Suite | p. 326 |
Chapter 15 Study Guide | |
Summary | p. 329 |
Key Terms | p. 330 |
Self-Test 15 | p. 330 |
Information and Communication | p. 333 |
How to Make Communication Count | p. 333 |
The Nature of Communication | p. 335 |
The Communication Process | p. 335 |
Feedback and Communication | p. 336 |
Essentials of Interpersonal Communication | p. 337 |
Effective and Efficient Communication | p. 337 |
Nonverbal Communication | p. 338 |
Active Listening | p. 339 |
Communication Barriers | p. 340 |
Physical Distractions | p. 340 |
Semantic Problems | p. 340 |
Mixed Messages | p. 341 |
Cultural Differences | p. 341 |
Absence of Feedback | p. 341 |
Status Effects | p. 342 |
Organizational Communication | p. 342 |
Formal and Informal Channels | p. 342 |
Communication Flows and Directions | p. 343 |
Communication Networks | p. 344 |
Communication and the High Performance Workplace | p. 346 |
Changing Technologies | p. 346 |
Complex Social Context | p. 347 |
Chapter 16 Study Guide | |
Summary | p. 349 |
Key Terms | p. 350 |
Self-Test 16 | p. 350 |
Decision Making | p. 353 |
Break Through with Perserverence and Creativity | p. 353 |
Decision Making Process | p. 354 |
Decision Environments | p. 355 |
Types of Decisions | p. 356 |
Decision Making Models | p. 356 |
Classical and Behavioral Decision Theory | p. 356 |
The Garbage Can Model | p. 358 |
Decision Making Realities | p. 359 |
Intuition, Judgment, and Creativity | p. 359 |
Judgmental Heuristics | p. 360 |
Creativity Factors | p. 361 |
Managing the Decision-Making Process | p. 362 |
Choosing Problems to Address | p. 362 |
Deciding Who Should Participate | p. 363 |
Knowing When to Quit--Eliminating Escalating Commitments | p. 365 |
Technology, Culture, and Ethics in Decision Making | p. 366 |
Information Technology and Decision Making | p. 366 |
Cultural Factors and Decision Making | p. 367 |
Ethical Issues and Decision Making | p. 368 |
Chapter 17 Study Guide | |
Summary | p. 369 |
Key Terms | p. 370 |
Self-Test 17 | p. 370 |
Conflict and Negotiation | p. 373 |
Taking Matters Into Your Own Hands | p. 373 |
Conflict | p. 374 |
Types of Conflict | p. 375 |
Levels of Conflict | p. 375 |
Functional and Dysfunctional Conflicts | p. 376 |
Culture and Conflict | p. 377 |
Managing Conflict | p. 378 |
Stages of Conflict | p. 378 |
Causes of Conflict | p. 379 |
Indirect Conflict Management Approaches | p. 380 |
Direct Conflict Management Approaches | p. 382 |
Negotiation | p. 384 |
What Is Negotiation? | p. 384 |
Negotiation Goals and Outcomes | p. 384 |
Ethical Aspects of Negotiation | p. 384 |
Organizational Settings for Negotiation | p. 385 |
Culture and Negotiation | p. 385 |
Negotiation Strategies | p. 385 |
Distributive Negotiation | p. 386 |
Integrative Negotiation | p. 387 |
How to Gain Integrative Agreements | p. 387 |
Common Negotiation Pitfalls | p. 388 |
Third-Party Roles in Negotiation | p. 389 |
Chapter 18 Study Guide | |
Summary | p. 389 |
Key Terms | p. 390 |
Self-Test 18 | p. 390 |
Change, Innovation, and Stress | p. 393 |
The Organization of the Future | p. 393 |
Change in Organizations | p. 395 |
Planned and Unplanned Change | p. 395 |
Organizational Forces and Targets for Change | p. 396 |
Phases of Planned Change | p. 397 |
Planned Change Strategies | p. 398 |
Force-Coercion | p. 398 |
Rational Persuasion | p. 399 |
Shared Power | p. 400 |
Resistance to Change | p. 400 |
Why People Resist Change | p. 400 |
How to Deal with Resistance | p. 401 |
Innovation in Organizations | p. 403 |
The Innovation Process | p. 403 |
Features of Innovative Organizations | p. 404 |
Dynamics of Stress | p. 404 |
Sources of Stress | p. 405 |
Stress and Performance | p. 406 |
Stress and Health | p. 406 |
Stress Management | p. 406 |
Chapter 19 Study Guide | |
Summary | p. 407 |
Key Terms | p. 409 |
Self-Test 19 | p. 409 |
Supplementary Module Research Foundations of Organizational Behavior | p. 411 |
Research Designs | p. 414 |
Laboratory Experiments | p. 414 |
Field Experiments | p. 414 |
Case Studies | p. 415 |
Field Surveys | p. 415 |
Data Gathering, Analysis, and Interpretation | p. 416 |
Interviews | p. 416 |
Observation | p. 416 |
Questionnaires | p. 416 |
Nonreactive Measures | p. 416 |
Data Analysis and Interpretation | p. 417 |
Ethical Considerations in Research | p. 417 |
The OB Skills Workbook | p. 419 |
The FAST COMPANY Collection | p. 425 |
Cases for Critical Thinking | p. 445 |
Experiential Exercises | p. 486 |
Self-Assessment Inventories | p. 518 |
Glossary | p. 1 |
Notes | p. 1 |
Photo Credits | p. 1 |
Index | p. 1 |
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