Organizational Communication in an Age of Globalization : Issues, Reflections, Practices

, by Cheney, George; Christensen, Lars Thoger; Zorn, Theodore E.; Ganesh, Shiv

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ISBN: 9781577662716 | 1577662717
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 6/1/2003

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Supplemental Materials

Preface

Acknowledgments

xix

Introduction

(16)

How We Think and Talk about Organizations

(4)

Popular Prescriptions

(1)

Refining Perspectives

(1)

Making the Invisible Visible

(1)

Assessing Metaphors

(2)

What is Communication?

(4)

Organizations as Communication

(1)

Expanding the Boundaries

(2)

Why Theory?

(3)

Thinking Critically

(4)

Endnotes

(2)

Organizational Structure and Process

(24)

Defining Organizational Structures

(2)

Key Elements of Organizational Structure

(4)

Hierarchy

(1)

Differentiation and Specialization

(1)

Formalization

(2)

Putting Structure and Process Together

(1)

Systems, Structures, and Processes

(3)

Bureaucracy: The Structure We know Best and Like the Least

(6)

Types of Authority

(1)

Key Elements of Bureaucracy

(2)

Advantages of Bureaucratic Structure

(1)

Disadvantages of Bureaucratic Structure

(2)

Searching for Alternative Organizational Structures

(3)

Emergent Structures and Self-organizing Systems

(1)

Snapshot Synthesis

(1)

Key Concepts

(2)

Endnotes

(1)

Rationality, Decision Making, and (Ab)Uses of Information

(34)

The Idea of Rationality

(2)

Making Management Systematic and Scientific

(7)

Scientific Management

(2)

Efficiency

(1)

Theory X and Theory Y

(1)

Efficiency Reconsidered

(2)

Effectiveness and Efficiency

(2)

Decisions, Decisions

(7)

Information Processing

(2)

Quality and Quantity of Information

(1)

Flow of Information

(3)

Models of Group Decision Making and Communication

(3)

Functional Theory

(2)

Additional Perspectives on Group Decision Making

(1)

Constructing Rationality

(2)

Garbage Can Model of Decision Making

(1)

Equivocality, Enactment, Selection, and Retention

(1)

Organizational Goals and Ways to Achieve Them

(1)

From Rationality to Rationalities

(3)

Emotionality in Organizational Life

(4)

Emotional Labor

(1)

Partial Inclusion

(2)

Snapshot Synthesis

(1)

Key Concepts

(4)

Endnotes

(3)

Culture, Subcultures, and Organizational Socialization

(32)

Defining Culture

(2)

Organizations as Cultures

(3)

Studying Culture

(6)

Thick Description

(3)

Language and Narratives

(3)

Culture and Communication in Organizations

(6)

The ``Functionalist'' Perspective on Organizational Culture

(1)

The ``Symbolist'' Perspective on Organizational Culture

(5)

On Doing Culture: Reproducing and Altering Culture

(9)

Organizational Climate

(2)

Socialization

(4)

Snapshot Synthesis

102

(1)

Key Concepts

102

(5)

Endnotes

103

(4)

Communicating Identity: Individually and Collectively

107

(32)

Defining Organizational Identity

107

(2)

Identity in Historical Context

109

(2)

Organizational Identification

111

(6)

Creating Identities with the Organization

111

(4)

Unintended Consequences

115

(2)

Conflicting Identities

117

(1)

Challenges to Organizational Identity

117

(5)

Struggling Just to Be Heard

118

(1)

Blurred Boundaries

119

(2)

Growing Stakeholder Scrutiny

121

(1)

Managing Organizational Identity

122

(6)

Integrated Marketing Communications

123

(1)

Assessing Organizational Identity Programs

124

(4)

Ironies and Paradoxes in Corporate Identity Management

128

(5)

Integration without Voice

128

(2)

External Involvement

130

(1)

Auto-communication and Corporate Self-absorption

131

(2)

Snapshot Synthesis

133

(1)

Key Concepts

133

(6)

Endnotes

134

(5)

Connecting through Social Relationships and Networks

139

(38)

Workplace Relationships

139

(17)

Social-Historical Trends in Relationships and Networks

141

(3)

Key Elements of Relational Interaction

144

(6)

Varieties of Organizational Relationships

150

(6)

Changing and Reframing Relationships

156

(1)

Communication Networks

156

(15)

Communities of Practice

159

(2)

Interorganizational Relationships

161

(3)

The Network Organization

164

(1)

Core Competencies

165

(2)

Communication in Interorganizational Relationships

167

(4)

Snapshot Synthesis

171

(1)

Key Concepts

172

(5)

Endnotes

173

(4)

Leadership Old and New: Direction, Coordination, Facilitation, and Inspiration

177

(34)

The Importance of Leadership

177

(3)

What is Leadership, Anyway?

180

(2)

The Confusion about Leadership

182

(2)

``Visions'' of Leadership in Recent History

184

(15)

The Traits Approach

186

(2)

Styles Approach

188

(2)

Contingency and Situational Approaches

190

(2)

The Constitutive Approach: Social Perception and Managing Meanings

192

(7)

Characteristics of Contemporary Social Life and Their Implications for Leadership

199

(1)

Framing: Vision, Values, and Symbolism

200

(3)

Leadership Alternatives

203

(2)

Snapshot Synthesis

205

(1)

Key Concepts

205

(6)

Endnotes

206

(5)

Participation, Teams, and Democracy at Work

211

(32)

The Individual and the Organization

211

(3)

Defining Our Terms

214

(3)

Employee Participation

217

(8)

Labor Organizing and Employee Participation

217

(2)

Managerially Driven Programs of Employee Participation

219

(6)

Teamwork

225

(5)

Teams versus Groups

225

(1)

Making Teamwork Work

226

(2)

Supervision versus Facilitation

228

(1)

Differences among Teams

229

(1)

Democracy and Participation in Alternative Organizations

230

(4)

A Case for Consideration

234

(2)

Ironies, Paradoxes, and Limits of Work Participation and Democracy

236

(2)

Snapshot Synthesis

238

(1)

Key Concepts

239

(4)

Endnotes

240

(3)

Power and Control in Organizational Life

243

(32)

Encountering Power

244

(4)

The ``Who'' of Power

245

(2)

The ``How'' of Power

247

(1)

Sources of Power

248

(5)

The Social Construction of Knowledge

250

(1)

Relationships and Power

251

(2)

Getting a Handle on Power

253

(1)

Negotiating Power

254

(3)

Implicit Messages about Power and Authority

254

(1)

``Sovereign-centered'' and Strategic Visions of Power

255

(2)

Power in Messages, Interactions, and Patterns of Talk

257

(4)

Power and the Elements of the Communication Situation

257

(1)

Defining Terms

258

(1)

``Discursive Closure''

259

(1)

Hegemony

260

(1)

Systems or Patterns of Control in the Organization

261

(5)

Resistance

266

(4)

Overt Forms

267

(1)

Subtle Forms

268

(2)

Snapshot Synthesis

270

(1)

Key Concepts

270

(5)

Endnotes

271

(4)

Encountering, Interpreting, and Managing Conflict: Reconsidering Harmony and Discord in Organizational Life

275

(38)

The Nature of Conflict

275

(1)

Explaining Conflict

276

(7)

Attributions and Conflict

277

(3)

Accounts and Conflict

280

(1)

Discourses and Conflict

281

(2)

Sources of Conflict and Communication

283

(3)

Individual or Group Sources

283

(3)

Macro or Cultural Sources of Conflict

286

(1)

The Context of Conflict

286

(1)

Conflict as a Process

287

(3)

Ambiguity and Misunderstandings in the Conflict Process

288

(1)

Phases of Conflict

289

(1)

Managing Conflict

290

(8)

Styles of Conflict

290

(3)

Negotiation Strategies

293

(1)

Principles and Tactics of Competitive Negotiation

294

(2)

Collaborative Strategies

296

(2)

Intergroup Conflict

298

(1)

Stress, Burnout, and Support

299

(5)

Defining Burnout and Stress

299

(1)

Two Models of Social Support

300

(1)

Employee Assistance Programs and Organizational Support

301

(3)

Inter-organizational Conflict

304

(4)

Snapshot Synthesis

308

(1)

Key Concepts

308

(5)

Endnotes

309

(4)

Organizational Change and Change-Related Communication

313

(32)

What is Change?

315

(2)

The Ambiguity of Multiple Meanings

315

(1)

The Dialectic of Change and Stability

315

(2)

The Social-Historical Context of Change

317

(1)

A Model of the Change-Related Communication Process

318

(5)

Dimensions of Change

323

(5)

Degree

323

(1)

Type (or Substance)

324

(2)

Intentionality

326

(1)

Timing

326

(1)

Impetus

326

(1)

Control

326

(2)

What Makes Organizational Change Efforts Successful?

328

(1)

Communicating and Managing Change Effectively

329

(5)

Managing Change: An Adaptive Approach

329

(1)

Communicating Changes to Employees

330

(2)

Communicating Change to Stakeholders

332

(2)

Strategies for Encouraging Innovation

334

(2)

Networking and ``Weak Ties''

334

(1)

Group Process Procedures that Promote Creativity

334

(1)

Organizational Culture Characteristics that Encourage Innovation

335

(1)

Responding to Change (or the Politics of Change)

336

(3)

Snapshot Synthesis

339

(1)

Key Concepts

340

(5)

Endnotes

341

(4)

The Meanings and Uses of Organizational Communication Technologies

345

(32)

Organizational Communication Technology

346

(4)

Technique

347

(2)

Contemporary Communication Technologies

349

(1)

Features of Communication Technologies

350

(1)

Using Communication Technologies

351

(6)

Perspectives on Communication Media Usage

352

(2)

Other Influences on Media Use

354

(3)

Interpreting the Effects of Organizational Communication Technologies

357

(8)

First-level and Second-level Effects

360

(2)

Personalness, Impersonality, and Hyperpersonality

362

(3)

Interacting with the Market

365

(5)

New Organizations?

370

(2)

Snapshot Synthesis

372

(1)

Key Concepts

373

(4)

Endnotes

374

(3)

Communicating in Global and Multicultural Contexts

377

(30)

Confronting and Defining Globalization

378

(5)

The Global and the Local

383

(1)

Forces of Convergence

384

(4)

External Forces

384

(2)

Institutional Isomorphism

386

(1)

Pressures toward Divergence

386

(2)

Popular Discourses on Globalization

388

(2)

Critics of Globalization

390

(3)

Threat to Communities and the Environment

390

(1)

Privileging Property over People

391

(2)

Other Voices on Globalization

393

(3)

A Global Reflexivity

393

(1)

Interdependence and Risk

394

(1)

Social Imaginations

395

(1)

Intercultural Communication and Diversity in Organizations

396

(7)

Parochialism

397

(1)

Competence

398

(4)

Celebration of Diversity

402

(1)

Snapshot Synthesis

403

(1)

Key Concepts

403

(4)

Endnotes

404

(3)

Speaking of Ethics and Values in Organizations

407

(30)

Coming to Terms with Ethics

410

(4)

Why Do we Need Ethics?

411

(1)

Practical Foundations

411

(1)

Union Carbide Disaster

412

(2)

Why Ethical Reflections Matter

414

(5)

Articulating Basic Values

414

(1)

Varying Standards

415

(2)

Proactive Stance

417

(2)

Ethics as an Issue for Organizations

419

(6)

Teleological and Deontological Ethics

424

(1)

Ethics of Compassion

425

(1)

Thinking about and across Different Ethical Perspectives

425

(2)

What about Communication?

427

(4)

Language as an Ethical Choice

428

(1)

The Role of Values in Ethics

429

(2)

Postmodern Challenges to Ethics

431

(1)

Organizational Culture and Ethics

432

(2)

Snapshot Synthesis

434

(1)

Key Concepts

434

(3)

Endnotes

435

(2)

Analyzing Organizational Communication

437

(34)

What's in ``Communication''?

438

(2)

Dimensions of Organizational Messages

440

(1)

Language and Other Symbols

441

(4)

Some Purposes/Reasons for Analyses of Communication

445

(3)

Data Gathering

448

(9)

Artifacts

448

(1)

Surveys

448

(1)

Interviews

449

(1)

Observation

450

(3)

Other Ways of Gathering Messages

453

(2)

Importance of Choices in Data Gathering

455

(2)

Data Analysis

457

(5)

Reading Messages as a ``Text''

457

(1)

Content Analysis

458

(4)

Features of the Language Itself

462

(1)

Discursive Strategies

463

(2)

Overall Research Orientations

465

(3)

Epilogue

468

(3)

Endnotes

469

(2)

Name Index

471

(4)

Subject Index

475

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Organizational Communication in an Age of Globalization : Issues, Reflections, Practices

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials