Oski's Essential Pediatrics

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ISBN: 9780397515141 | 0397515146
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 3/1/1997

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Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD. Clinical text on the essential elements of pediatrics, for medical students preparing for clerkships. Problem-based perspective. Softcover. 176 contributors. DNLM: Pediatrics.

PART I General Considerations

(50)

The Pediatric History and Physical Examination

(14)

History

(3)

Physical Examination

(10)

Newborn Examination

(1)

The Diagnostic Process

(2)

Suggested Guidelines for Establishing a Diagnosis

(1)

The Newborn

(5)

The Birth and Newborn Environment

(1)

Initial Physical Examination

(4)

Breast-Feeding and Formulas

(1)

Maternal-Infant Interaction

(1)

Feeding the Healthy Child

(8)

Principles of Nutrition

(1)

Feeding the Infant

(7)

Feeding the Older Child

(1)

Immunization

(10)

The Immunization Process

(1)

Immunization for Childhood Diseases

(9)

Immunizations for Special Situations

(1)

Injury Control

(6)

Principles of Injury Control

(1)

Injury Risk

(2)

Major Injuries

(4)

Special Needs of Children With Chronic Illnesses

(3)

Medical Needs

(1)

Educational Needs

(1)

Financing Health Care

(1)

Behavioral and Family Issues

(1)

Role of the Physician

(1)

PART II The Premature Newborn

(22)

The Premature Newborn

(5)

Extrauterine Growth

(1)

Thermoregulation

(2)

Problems Due to Functional Immaturity

(2)

Chronic Problems

(1)

Outcome

(1)

Growth and Metabolic Adaptation of the Fetus and Newborn

(1)

The Basis of Developmental Pathology

(1)

Fetal Evaluation and Prenatal Diagnosis

(2)

Indications for Prenatal Diagnosis

(2)

Efficacy of Screening Methods

(1)

The Future

(1)

Intrauterine Growth Retardation

(3)

Management

(2)

Intraventricular Hemorrhage of the Preterm Infant

(2)

Clinical Studies

(1)

Outcome Studies

(2)

Intervention Studies

(1)

Perinatal Asphyxia

(1)

Clinical Features

(1)

Management and Outcome

(1)

Infant of the Diabetic Mother

(1)

Craniofacial Defects

(5)

Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate

(2)

Craniosynostosis

(3)

PART III Ambulatory Pediatrics

(2)

Section 1 Adolescent Medicine

(11)

Adolescent Pregnancy and Contraception

(3)

Epidemiology

(1)

Diagnosis

(1)

Counseling

(1)

Adolescent Contraception

(2)

Evaluation for Contraception

(1)

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

(5)

Gonococcal Infections

(1)

Chlamydial Infections

(1)

Syphilis

(1)

Herpes Simplex Virus Infections

(1)

Human Papillomavirus Infection

(1)

Specific STD Syndromes

(3)

Hypertension

(1)

Blood Pressure Measurement

(1)

Blood Pressure Standards

(1)

Types of Hypertension

(1)

Evalaution of the Adolescent With Hypertension

(1)

Laboratory Evaluation

(1)

Treatment

(1)

Compliance

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

Adolescent Drug Abuse

(2)

Definitions

(1)

Epidemiology

(1)

Risk Factors

(1)

Section 2 Emergency Medicine

(42)

Emergency Medicine Except Poisoning

(13)

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Children

(1)

Pediatric Trauma

(4)

Bites

(1)

Burns

(1)

Respiratory Distress

(2)

Seizures

(1)

Coma

(3)

Anaphylaxis

(1)

Acetaminophen Overdose

(2)

Pharmacology

(1)

Clinical Course

100

(1)

Treatment

101

(1)

Poisoning

101

(2)

General Principles

101

(1)

Diagnosis

101

(1)

Treatment

102

(1)

Management of Specific Toxins

103

(1)

Oral Rehydration Therapy

103

(2)

Oral Rehydration Solutions

104

(1)

Dietary Considerations

104

(1)

Delivery of Oral Rehydration Therapy

104

(1)

Eye Problems

105

(4)

Congenital Malformations

105

(1)

Common Eye Problems

105

(3)

Emergent Eye Problems

108

(1)

Pediatric Dermatology

109

(19)

Skin Lesions in the Neonatal Period

109

(1)

Papular Disorders

110

(2)

Nodular Disorders

112

(1)

Vesicular and Bullous Eruptions

113

(2)

Vesiculopustular Lesions

115

(1)

Scaling and Dry Lesions

116

(4)

Pruritic Lesions

120

(1)

Diffuse Erythema

121

(1)

Annular Lesions

122

(2)

Diaper Dermatitis

124

(1)

Acne

125

(2)

Drug Reactions

127

(1)

Section 3 Upper Airway Infections

128

(20)

The Common Cold

128

(1)

Etiologic Agents

128

(1)

Epidemiology

128

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

129

(1)

Treatment and Prevention

129

(1)

Paranasal Sinusitis

129

(4)

Anatomy

129

(1)

Clinical Presentation

129

(2)

Diagnosis

131

(1)

Microbiology

131

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

131

(1)

Treatment

131

(1)

Complications

132

(1)

Pharyngitis

133

(1)

Etiology

133

(1)

Clinical Presentation

133

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

133

(1)

Specific Diagnosis

133

(1)

Treatment

133

(1)

Peritonsillar and Retropharyngeal Abscesses

134

(1)

Peritonsillar Abscess (Quinsy)

134

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

134

(1)

Treatment

134

(1)

Retropharyngeal Abscess

134

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

134

(1)

Treatment

134

(1)

Microbiology of Deep Neck Abscesses

134

(1)

Otitis Externa

135

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

135

(1)

Diagnosis

135

(1)

Treatment

135

(1)

Otitis Media

135

(2)

Acute Otitis Media

136

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

136

(1)

Etiologies

136

(1)

Treatment

136

(1)

Recurrent Acute Otitis Media

136

(1)

Otitis Media With Effusion

137

(1)

Complications

137

(1)

Mastoiditis

137

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

138

(1)

Diagnosis

138

(1)

Treatment

138

(1)

Epiglottitis/Supraglottitis

138

(1)

Etiology

138

(1)

Epidemiology

138

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

138

(1)

Diagnosis

138

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

139

(1)

Complications

139

(1)

Treatment

139

(1)

Croup

139

(2)

Acute Laryngotracheitis

139

(1)

Pathophysiology

140

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

140

(1)

Spasmodic Croup

141

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

141

(1)

Cervical Lymphadenitis

141

(4)

Epidemiology

141

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

141

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

142

(1)

Diagnosis

142

(2)

Treatment

144

(1)

Outcome

144

(1)

Herpangina

145

(2)

Pathophysiology

145

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

145

(1)

Treatment and Prevention

145

(2)

Pharyngoconjunctival Fever

147

(1)

Epidemiology

147

(1)

Pathophysiology

147

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

147

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

147

(1)

Treatment and Prevention

147

(1)

Section 4 Orthopedics

148

(21)

Sports Medicine

148

(7)

The Preparticipation Health Inventory

148

(1)

Management of Athletic Injuries

148

(1)

Common Medical Illnesses in Athletes

149

(1)

Dermatologic Concerns in Athletes

149

(1)

Common Injuries Involving the Head and Neck

150

(1)

Introduction to Orthopedic Injuries

150

(1)

Back Injuries

150

(1)

Glenohumeral Dislocation

151

(1)

Finger Injuries

151

(1)

Leg and Knee Injuries

151

(1)

Conclusion

152

(3)

Bone, Joint, and Muscle Problems

155

(14)

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

155

(1)

Transient (Toxic) Synovitis of the Hip

156

(1)

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease (Coxa Plava)

157

(1)

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

158

(2)

Increased Femoral Anteversion

160

(1)

Genu Varum

160

(1)

Genu Valgum

160

(1)

Internal Tibial Torsion

160

(1)

Flatfoot (Pes Planovalgus)

160

(3)

Discitis

163

(1)

Scoliosis

163

(3)

Torticollis

166

(1)

Fibrous Dysplasia

166

(1)

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

166

(1)

Hematogenous Osteomyelitis

167

(1)

Septic Arthritis

168

(1)

Section 5 Failure to Thrive

169

(3)

Failure to Thrive

169

(3)

Organic Versus Nonorganic Etiologies

169

(1)

Approach to the Signs and Symptoms

169

(1)

Management

170

(2)

Follow-up and Prognosis

172

(1)

Section 6 Sudden Unexplained Death and Apparent Life-Threatening Events

172

(7)

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

172

(3)

Epidemiology

172

(1)

Risk Factors

172

(1)

Pathogenesis

172

(1)

Groups Proposed to Be at Increased Risk

173

(1)

Prediction

173

(1)

Management

173

(1)

Home Monitoring

174

(1)

Prevention

175

(1)

Apparent Life-Threatening Events

175

(2)

Etiology

175

(1)

Approach to the Infant With an ALTE

175

(1)

Management

176

(1)

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

177

(2)

Pathophysiology

177

(1)

History

177

(1)

Physical Examination

177

(1)

Complications

177

(1)

Diagnostic Tests

177

(1)

Treatment

177

(1)

Prognosis

177

(2)

PART IV The Sick or Hospitalized Patient

179

(2)

Section 1 Intensive Care

181

(10)

Acute Renal Failure

181

(2)

Diagnosis

181

(1)

Treatment

181

(2)

Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome

183

(1)

Pathogenesis

183

(1)

Epidemiology

183

(1)

Clinical Features

183

(1)

Treatment

183

(1)

Prognosis

183

(1)

Fever Without Localizing Signs

183

(3)

Occult Bacteremia

184

(1)

Diagnosis

184

(1)

Antibiotic Treatment

185

(1)

Clinical Management

185

(1)

Fever of Undetermined Origin

186

(4)

General Principles

186

(1)

Initial Approach to Clinical Evaluation

186

(1)

In-Hospital Evaluation

187

(1)

Etiology

187

(3)

Pathogenesis of Fever and Its Treatment

190

(1)

Pathophysiology

190

(1)

Treatment

190

(1)

Section 2 Bacterial Infections

191

(26)

Sepsis and Septic Shock

191

(6)

Terminology

191

(1)

Etiology

192

(1)

Pathogenesis

193

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

194

(1)

Laboratory Abnormalities

195

(1)

Therapy

196

(1)

Prevention

196

(1)

Bacterial and Viral Infections of the Newborn (Sepsis Neonatorum)

197

(4)

Etiology

197

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

198

(1)

Diagnosis

198

(1)

Therapy

199

(2)

Neonatal Meningitis

201

(1)

Epidemiology

201

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

201

(1)

Diagnosis

201

(1)

Therapy

201

(1)

Prognosis

202

(1)

Escherichia coli

202

(2)

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

203

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

203

(1)

Diagnosis and Treatment

203

(1)

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli

203

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

203

(1)

Diagnosis and Treatment

203

(1)

Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli

203

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

203

(1)

Diagnosis and Treatment

203

(1)

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli

203

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

204

(1)

Diagnosis and Treatment

204

(1)

Haemophilus influenzae

204

(1)

Microbiology

204

(1)

Infections Caused by Haemophilus influenzae Type B

204

(1)

Infections Caused by Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae

204

(1)

Diagnosis

205

(1)

Treatment

205

(1)

Prevention

205

(1)

Group B Streptococcal Disease

205

(4)

Bacteriology and Epidemiology

205

(1)

Clinical Presentations

206

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

207

(1)

Complications and Sequelae

207

(1)

Treatment and Prevention

208

(1)

Anaerobic Infections

209

(3)

Clostridium tetani

209

(1)

Etiology and Epidemiology

209

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

209

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

210

(1)

Management and Prognosis

210

(1)

Prevention

210

(1)

Clostridium difficile

211

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

211

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

211

(1)

Management and Prognosis

211

(1)

Prevention

211

(1)

Nonclostridial Anaerobic Infections

211

(1)

Campylobacter and Helicobacter

212

(2)

Campylobacter

212

(1)

Epidemiology

212

(1)

Pathogenesis

212

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

212

(1)

Diagnosis

212

(1)

Treatment

213

(1)

Helicobacter

213

(1)

Epidemiology

213

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

213

(1)

Diagnosis

213

(1)

Treatment

213

(1)

Diphtheria

214

(1)

Epidemiology

214

(1)

Pathogenesis and Pathology

214

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

214

(1)

Diagnosis

214

(1)

Treatment

214

(1)

Complications

215

(1)

Prognosis

215

(1)

Prevention

215

(1)

Cat-Scratch Disease

215

(2)

Etiology

215

(1)

Epidemiology

215

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

215

(1)

Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis

216

(1)

Treatment and Prognosis

216

(1)

Prevention

216

(1)

Section 3 Viral Infections

217

(52)

Congenital and Perinatal Infections

217

(20)

Cytomegalovirus

217

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

217

(4)

Herpes Simplex Virus

219

(2)

Clinical Manifestations

221

(1)

Treatment

221

(2)

Varicella-Zoster Virus

222

(1)

Treatment and Prevention

223

(2)

Epstein-Barr Virus

223

(1)

Syphilis

224

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

225

(3)

Treatment and Prevention

228

(1)

Rubella

228

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

229

(1)

Prevention

229

(1)

Toxoplasmosis

230

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

230

(1)

Treatment

231

(3)

Hepatitis Viruses

232

(2)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

234

(1)

Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

234

(1)

Treatment

234

(1)

Chlamydia trachomatis

234

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

235

(1)

Treatment

235

(1)

Genital Mycoplasmas

236

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

236

(1)

Treatment

236

(1)

Rhinoviruses

237

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

237

(1)

Diagnosis

237

(1)

Prevention and Therapy

237

(1)

Adenoviruses

237

(1)

Adenoviral Disorders

237

(1)

Diagnosis

238

(1)

Treatment

238

(1)

Influenza Viruses

238

(2)

Clinical Manifestations

238

(1)

Complications

239

(1)

Diagnosis

239

(1)

Treatment

239

(1)

Prevention

239

(1)

Parainfluenza Viruses

240

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

240

(1)

Laryngotracheitis

240

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

240

(1)

Treatment

240

(1)

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

241

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

241

(1)

Treatment

241

(1)

Prevention

242

(1)

Parvoviruses

242

(1)

Parvoviral Disorders

242

(1)

Diagnosis

243

(1)

Treatment and Prevention

243

(1)

Polioviruses

243

(1)

Clinical Findings

243

(1)

Complications

243

(1)

Diagnosis

243

(1)

Nonpolio Enteroviruses

244

(4)

Clinical Findings

244

(1)

Diagnosis

245

(1)

Therapy

245

(3)

Infectious Mononucleosis

248

(2)

Clinical Manifestations

248

(1)

General Laboratory Findings

248

(1)

Complications

248

(1)

Laboratory Diagnosis

248

(2)

Differential Diagnosis

250

(1)

Prognosis

250

(1)

Treatment

250

(1)

Postnatal Herpes Simplex Virus

250

(6)

The Virus

250

(1)

Specific Infections

250

(4)

Prognosis, Complications, and Sequelae

254

(1)

Therapy

254

(1)

Prevention

255

(1)

Roseola and Human Herpesvirus Type 6

256

(1)

Roseloa Clinical Findings

256

(1)

Complications

256

(1)

Diagnosis and Antiviral Treatment

256

(1)

Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections

257

(2)

Pathogenesis

257

(1)

Transmission of Chickenpox

257

(1)

Clinical Features of Chickenpox

257

(1)

Chickenpox in Cancer and AIDS Patients

258

(1)

Zoster (Shingles)

258

(1)

Diagnosis

258

(1)

Treatment Modalities Including Varicella-Zoster Immune Globulin

259

(1)

Treatment and Acyclovir

259

(1)

Varicella Vaccination

259

(1)

German Measles (Rubella)

259

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

259

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

259

(1)

Diagnosis

259

(1)

Treatment

260

(1)

Congenital Rubella

260

(1)

Pathogenesis and Epidemiology

260

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

260

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

260

(1)

Diagnosis

260

(1)

Rubella Prevention

260

(1)

Measles (Rubeola)

260

(2)

Clinical Manifestations

261

(1)

Complications of Measles

261

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

262

(1)

Diagnosis

262

(1)

Treatment

262

(1)

Measles Prevention

262

(1)

Mumps

262

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

262

(1)

Complications of Mumps

263

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

263

(1)

Diagnosis

263

(1)

Treatment

263

(1)

Prevention of Mumps

263

(1)

Rotavirus

263

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

263

(1)

Diagnosis

263

(1)

Treatment

263

(1)

Viral Gastroenteritis

264

(1)

Enteric Adenoviruses

264

(1)

Caliciviruses and Calici-like Viruses

264

(1)

Diagnosis and Treatment

265

(1)

Astroviruses

265

(1)

Diagnosis and Treatment

265

(1)

Mycoplasma Infections

265

(1)

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

265

(1)

Epidemiology

265

(1)

Clinical Features

265

(1)

Complications

266

(1)

Diagnosis

266

(1)

Treatment

266

(1)

Rickettsial Diseases

266

(3)

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

266

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

267

(1)

Diagnosis

267

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

267

(1)

Treatment

267

(1)

Prognosis

268

(1)

Q Fever

268

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

268

(1)

Diagnosis

268

(1)

Treatment

268

(1)

Prognosis

268

(1)

Ehrlichiosis

268

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

268

(1)

Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis

269

(1)

Treatment

269

(1)

Section 4 Parasitic Diseases

269

(6)

Protozoan Parasites

269

(1)

Entamoeba histolytica

269

(1)

Clinical Features

270

(1)

Diagnosis

270

(1)

Treatment

270

(1)

Giardia lamblia

270

(1)

Clinical Features of Giardiasis

270

(1)

Diagnosis

270

(1)

Treatment

271

(1)

Malaria

271

(2)

The Organisms

271

(1)

Transmission and Epidemiology

271

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

271

(1)

Diagnosis

272

(1)

Treatment

272

(1)

Prevention

272

(1)

Visceral Larva Migrans

273

(1)

Clinical Features

273

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

273

(1)

Therapy

273

(1)

Prevention

273

(1)

Arthropoda

274

(1)

Ticks and Mites

274

(1)

Spiders

274

(1)

Section 5 Kawasaki Disease

275

(3)

Kawasaki Disease

275

(3)

Epidemiology

275

(1)

Etiology

275

(1)

Pathology

275

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

276

(1)

Complications

277

(1)

Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis

277

(1)

Treatment

278

(1)

Prognosis

278

(1)

Section 6 Respiratory Diseases

278

(34)

85 Physiologic Considerations

278

(1)

The Onset of Air Breathing at Birth

278

(1)

Respiratory Regulation and Reflexes in the Neonate

279

(1)

86 Causes of Respiratory Distress in the Newborn

279

(1)

Approach to the Newborn With Respiratory Distress

280

(1)

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

280

(2)

Incidence

280

(1)

Pathogenesis

280

(1)

Clinical Features

280

(1)

Management of Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the Newborn

281

(1)

Complications

282

(1)

Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn

282

(1)

Pneumonia in the Newborn

283

(1)

Clinical Features

283

(1)

Radiographic Appearance

283

(1)

Treatment

283

(1)

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

284

(1)

Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension

285

(1)

Diagnosis

285

(1)

Management

285

(1)

Prognosis

286

(1)

Apnea

286

(1)

Management

286

(1)

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

287

(1)

Diagnosis

287

(1)

Complications

287

(1)

Prevention

288

(1)

Management

288

(1)

Prognosis

288

(1)

Acute and Chronic Bronchitis

288

(2)

Acute Bronchitis

288

(1)

Clinical Presentation

289

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

289

(1)

Treatment and Complications

289

(1)

Chronic Bronchitis

289

(1)

Clinical Presentation and Differential Diagnosis

290

(1)

Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology

290

(1)

Treatment

290

(1)

Nonbacterial Pneumonia

290

(3)

Epidemiology

291

(1)

Clinical Presentation

292

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

292

(1)

Therapy

292

(1)

Prognosis

292

(1)

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

293

(2)

Clinical Presentation

295

(1)

Treatment and Complications

295

(1)

Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia

295

(1)

Bacterial Pneumonia

296

(2)

Etiology

297

(1)

Clinical Features

297

(1)

Diagnosis

297

(1)

Treatment

297

(1)

Pneumonia Caused by Specific Bacterial Pathogens

297

(1)

Foreign Bodies

298

(1)

Nose

298

(1)

Upper Airway (Larynx and Trachea0

298

(1)

Lower Airway (Bronchi)

298

(1)

Laryngeal Disorders

299

(3)

Congenital Subglottic Stenosis

299

(1)

Subglottic Hemangioma

300

(1)

Laryngeal Papilloma

301

(1)

Cystic Fibrosis

302

(7)

Genetics

303

(1)

Pathophysiology

303

(1)

Clinical Features

303

(3)

Diagnosis

306

(1)

Management

307

(1)

Course and Prognosis

308

(1)

Idiopathic Diffuse Interstitial Lung Disease in Children

309

(1)

Description

309

(1)

Usual Interstitial Pneumonia

309

(1)

Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia

309

(1)

Recurrent or Persistent Lower Repiratory tract Symptoms

310

(2)

Determining Disease Severity

310

(1)

Chronic or Recurrent Cough

311

(1)

Differential Diagnostic Features of Wheezing by Age

311

(1)

Section 7 Cardiovascular Diseases

312

(33)

Epidemiology of Congenital Heart Disease

312

(1)

Prevalence and Familial Risk of Recurrence of Congenital Heart Disease

312

(1)

Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease

313

(1)

Transposition of the Great Arteries

313

(1)

Diagnosis

313

(1)

Management

313

(1)

Late Results

314

(1)

Tricuspid Atresia

314

(2)

Hemodynamics

314

(1)

Clinical Findings

314

(1)

Clinical Management

315

(1)

Tetralogy of Fallot

316

(2)

Definition

316

(1)

Physiology and Hemodynamics

316

(1)

Diagnosis

317

(1)

Medical Management

317

(1)

Surgical Management

318

(1)

Late Results

318

(1)

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

318

(2)

Epidemiology

318

(1)

Physiology

318

(1)

Clinical Features

318

(1)

Therapy

319

(1)

Defects of the Atrial Septum Including the Atrioventricular Canal

320

(3)

Isolated Atrial Septal Defects

320

(1)

Defecrs of Small Size

320

(1)

Defects of Moderate and Large Size

320

(1)

Natural History

320

(1)

Diagnostic Examination: Physical Examination

320

(1)

Treatment and Prognosis

321

(1)

Persistent Common Atrioventricular Canal Defects

321

(1)

Natural History

321

(1)

Diagnostic Examination: Physical Examination

322

(1)

Treatment

323

(1)

Prognosis

323

(1)

Ventricular Septal Defect

323

(2)

Anatomy

323

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

323

(1)

Noninvasive and Invasive Studies

324

(1)

Management

324

(1)

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

325

(1)

Description

325

(1)

Clinical Findings and Diagnosis

325

(1)

Therapy

326

(1)

Pulmonary Stenosis

326

(2)

Pulmonary Valve Stenosis

326

(2)

Coarctation of the Aorta

328

(2)

Occurrence

328

(1)

Clinical Features

328

(1)

Therapy

329

(1)

Natural History and Follow-up

330

(1)

Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connections

330

(3)

Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection

330

(1)

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection

330

(2)

Clinical Features

332

(1)

Diagnostic Studies

332

(1)

Treatment

333

(1)

Mitral Valve Prolapse

333

(1)

Diagnosis

333

(1)

Associated Conditions

333

(1)

Clinical Features

333

(1)

Complications

334

(1)

Management

334

(1)

Myocarditis

334

(2)

Epidemiology

334

(1)

Clinical Presentation

334

(1)

Diagnosis

335

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

336

(1)

Treatment

336

(1)

Cardiomyopathy

336

(3)

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

337

(1)

Clinical Findings

337

(1)

Laboratory Findings

337

(1)

Treatment

337

(2)

Prognosis

339

(1)

Infective Endocarditis

339

(3)

Clinical Manifestations

339

(1)

Diagnosis

340

(1)

Prophylaxis

341

(1)

Microbiology

341

(1)

Treatment

342

(1)

Prognosis

342

(1)

Rheumatic Fever

342

(3)

Clinical Manifestations

342

(1)

Diagnosis

343

(1)

Course and Prognosis

343

(1)

Treatment

344

(1)

Section 8 Diseases of the Blood

345

(19)

The Nutritional Anemias

345

(2)

Iron Deficiency Anemia

345

(1)

Pathophysiology

345

(1)

Clinical Presentation

345

(1)

Laboratory Findings

346

(1)

Treatment

346

(1)

Megaloblastic Anemias

346

(1)

Laboratory Findings

346

(1)

Folic Acid Deficiency

346

(1)

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

346

(1)

Therapy

347

(1)

The Hemoglobinopathies and Thalassemias

347

(3)

Stickle-Cell Disease and Trait

347

(1)

Pathophysiology

347

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

347

(1)

Laboratory Findings

348

(1)

Treatment

348

(1)

Other Hemoglobinopathies

348

(1)

Hemoglobin SC

348

(1)

Thalassemias

349

(1)

Clinical Presentations

349

(1)

Laboratory Findings

349

(1)

Treatment

349

(1)

Other Thalassemias

349

(1)

Alpha Thalassemias

349

(1)

Hereditary Persistence of High Fetal Hemoglobin

350

(1)

The Hemolytic Anemias

350

(3)

Intrinsic Hemolytic Anemias

350

(1)

Hereditary Spherocytosis

350

(1)

Hereditary Elliptocytosis

351

(1)

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency

351

(1)

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Syndromes

351

(1)

Chronic Nonspherocytic Hemolytic Anemia Associated With Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency

352

(1)

Extrinsic Hemolytic Anemias

352

(1)

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias

352

(1)

The Hypoplastic and Aplastic Anemias

353

(3)

Hypoplastic Anemias

353

(1)

Congenital Hypoplastic Anemia

353

(1)

Transient Erythroblastic Anemia of Childhood

354

(1)

Aplastic Crisis of Hemolytic Anemias Associated With Parvovirus Infection

354

(1)

Aplastic Anemias

354

(1)

Acquired Aplastic Anemia

354

(1)

Congenital Aplastic Anemia

355

(1)

The Spleen and Lymph Nodes

356

(3)

Splenomegaly

356

(1)

Hypersplenism

356

(1)

Lymphadenopathy

357

(1)

Lymnph Vessels

358

(1)

Disorders of Coagulation

359

(5)

History and Physical Examination

359

(1)

Laboratory Evaluation

359

(1)

Disorders of Platelets

359

(2)

Disorders of Coagulation Factors

361

(3)

Section 9 Neoplastic Diseases

364

(21)

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Childhood

364

(5)

Etiology

364

(1)

Clinical Presentation

364

(1)

Initial Laboratory Findings

364

(1)

Diagnosis

364

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

364

(2)

Prognostic Factors

366

(1)

Treatment

366

(2)

Long-Term Survival, Late Effects, and Therapeutic Directions

368

(1)

Acute Myeloid Leukemia

369

(1)

Epidemiology

369

(1)

Presenting Features and Diagnosis

369

(1)

Therapy

369

(1)

Bone Marrow Transplantation for Childhood Leukemia

369

(1)

Hodgkin's Disease

370

(2)

Epidemiology

371

(1)

Clinical Features and Diagnosis

371

(1)

Treatment

371

(1)

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

372

(1)

Burkitt's Lymphoma

372

(1)

Patient Evaluation and Diagnosis

372

(1)

Treatment

372

(1)

Malignant Brain Tumors in Children

373

(1)

Symptoms on Presentation

373

(1)

Classification

373

(1)

Diagnostic Evaluations

373

(1)

Treatment

374

(1)

Wilms' Tumor

374

(1)

Clinical and Diagnostic Features

374

(1)

Treatment

374

(1)

Neuroblastoma

375

(1)

Etiology

375

(1)

Clinical Features

375

(1)

Diagnostic Features

375

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

376

(1)

Treatment

376

(1)

Prognosis

376

(1)

Rhabdomyosarcoma

376

(2)

Incidence and Epidemiology

376

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

376

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

377

(1)

Diagnostic Evaluation

377

(1)

Treatment

378

(1)

Prognosis

378

(1)

Retinoblastoma

378

(2)

Incidence, Laterality, and Mortality

378

(1)

Genetics

378

(1)

Signs and Symptoms

379

(1)

Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis

379

(1)

Treatment

379

(1)

Second Tumors

380

(1)

Malignant Bone Tumors in Children

380

(3)

Osteogenic Sarcoma

380

(1)

Incidence and Epidemiology

380

(1)

Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnostic Studies

380

(1)

Treatment

381

(1)

Ewing's Sarcoma

381

(1)

Incidence and Epidemiology

381

(1)

Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Evaluation

381

(1)

Treatment and Prognosis

382

(1)

langerhans' Cell Histiocytosis

383

(2)

Clinical Syndromes

383

(1)

Treatment and Long-Term Outlook

383

(2)

Section 10 Genitourinary Disorders

385

(30)

Disorders of Renal Development and Anomalies of the Collecting System, Bladder, Penis, and Scrotum

385

(8)

Disorders of Renal Development

385

(1)

Anomalies of the Collecting System

386

(1)

Vesicoureteral Reflux

387

(2)

Bladder and Urethral Anomalies

389

(1)

Anomalies of the Penis

389

(2)

Testicular and Scrotal Anomalies

391

(2)

Urinary Tract Infection

393

(1)

Upper Tract Infection

394

(1)

Conclusion

394

(1)

Chronic Renal Failure

394

(3)

Signs of Progressive Loss of Renal Function

394

(1)

Etiology

395

(1)

Abnormalities Associated With Loss of Renal Function

395

(1)

Treatment

395

(1)

Growth Failure

396

(1)

Glomerulonephritis and Nephrotic Syndrome

397

(5)

Glomerulonephritis

397

(1)

Clinical Presentations

397

(1)

Acute and Chronic Glomerulonephritis of Childhood

397

(1)

Acute Poststreptococcal GN

397

(1)

IgA Nephropathy

398

(1)

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Nephritis

399

(1)

Nephrotic Syndrome

400

(1)

Overview

400

(1)

Minimal Change Disease

401

(1)

Progressive Hereditary Nephritis

402

(1)

Alport's Syndrome

402

(1)

Pathology

402

(1)

Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis

403

(1)

Treatment

403

(1)

Nail Patella Syndrome

403

(1)

Clinical Features and Biopsy Findings

403

(1)

Renal Tubular Acidosis

404

(4)

Classification and Pathogenesis

404

(1)

Clinical Characteristics

404

(1)

Diagnosis

405

(2)

Therapy

407

(1)

Fanconi's Syndrome

408

(1)

Clinical and Laboratory Findings

408

(1)

Treatment

408

(1)

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

409

(2)

Clinical Features

409

(1)

Laboratory Findings

409

(1)

Diagnosis

410

(1)

Therapy of Hereditary NDI

410

(1)

Renal Hypertension

411

(1)

Renovascular Hypertension

411

(1)

Clinical Findings

411

(1)

Diagnostic Studies

411

(1)

Clinical Management

412

(1)

Urolithiasis

412

(3)

Formation of Stones

412

(1)

Clinical Features

413

(1)

Diagnosis

413

(1)

Treatment

414

(1)

Section 11 Gastrointestinal Diseases

415

(62)

Developmental Disorders of Gastrointestinal Function

415

(1)

Embryology

415

(1)

Gastrointestinal Obstruction in the Neonate

415

(1)

Neonatal Cholestasis

416

(3)

Biliary Atresia

416

(3)

Gastroesophageal Reflux

419

(1)

Distended Abdomen

420

(1)

Abdominal Mass in the Newborn

420

(1)

Necrotizing Enterocolitis

421

(4)

Etiology and Pathogenesis

421

(1)

Epidemiology

421

(1)

Clinical Features

421

(1)

Laboratory and Radiographic Studies

422

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

423

(1)

Treatment

423

(1)

Complications

424

(1)

Prognosis

424

(1)

Functional Constipation

425

(2)

Pathophysiology

425

(1)

Clinical Findings

425

(1)

Diagnosis

426

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

426

(1)

Treatment

426

(1)

Chronic Nonspecific Diarrhea of Childhood

427

(1)

Etiology

427

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

427

(1)

Treatment

427

(1)

Gastrointestinal Bleeding

428

(3)

Establishing Blood Loss

428

(1)

Type of Bleeding

428

(1)

Etiologies

428

(2)

Diagnosis

430

(1)

Therapy

430

(1)

Peptic Ulcer Disease

431

(3)

Epidemiology

431

(1)

Predisposing Factors

431

(1)

Clinical Features

432

(1)

Laboratory and Radiologic Studies

432

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

433

(1)

Treatment

433

(1)

Complications

433

(1)

Prognosis

434

(1)

Intussusception

434

(2)

Pathophysiology

434

(1)

Clinical Presentation

434

(1)

Diagnosis

435

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

435

(1)

Treatment

435

(1)

Anorectal Malformations

436

(3)

Diagnosis

436

(1)

Associated Malformations

437

(1)

Treatment

438

(1)

Prognosis

438

(1)

Crohn's Disease

439

(5)

Pathology

439

(1)

Etiology

439

(1)

Epidemiology

439

(1)

Clinical Presentation

439

(1)

Complications

440

(1)

Diagnosis

441

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

442

(1)

Therapy

443

(1)

Prospective Management and Prognosis

443

(1)

Ulcerative Colitis

444

(3)

Pathology

444

(1)

Etiology

444

(1)

Epidemiology

444

(1)

Clinical Presentation

444

(1)

Complications

444

(1)

Diagnosis

444

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

445

(1)

Therapy

446

(1)

Prospective Management and Prognosis

446

(1)

Chronic Recurrent Abdominal Pain

447

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

447

(1)

Treatment

447

(1)

Henoch-Schonlein Syndrome

448

(2)

Clinical Manifestations

448

(1)

Laboratory Data

448

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

449

(1)

Treatment

449

(1)

Clinical Course and Prognosis

450

(1)

Protein Intolerance

450

(1)

Common Food Antigens

450

(1)

Cow's Milk Protein Intolerance

450

(1)

Evaluation of Suspected Food Allergy

451

(1)

Treatment of Protein Intolerance

451

(1)

Prevention

451

(1)

Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis

451

(1)

Diagnosis

452

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

452

(1)

Treatment

452

(1)

Prognosis

452

(1)

Malabsorption States

452

(2)

Short Bowel Syndrome

452

(1)

Small Bowel Bacterial Overgrowth

452

(1)

Celiac Disease

453

(1)

Immunodeficiency States Including Gastrointestinal Manifestations of AIDS

453

(1)

IgA Deficiency

454

(1)

Appendicitis

454

(2)

Diagnosis

454

(1)

Treatment

455

(1)

Ascites

456

(4)

Pathogenesis

456

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

456

(3)

Treatment

459

(1)

Complications

460

(1)

Pancreatitis

460

(3)

Acute Pancreatitis

460

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

461

(1)

Laboratory Findings

461

(1)

Treatment

461

(1)

Chronic Pancreatitis

462

(1)

Disorders of the Ducts and Sphincter

462

(1)

Disorders of the Liver and Biliary System

463

(6)

Viral Hepatitis

463

(1)

Hepatitis A

463

(1)

Hepatitis B

463

(1)

Hepatitis Delta Infection

464

(1)

Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis

464

(2)

Chronic Hepatitis

465

(1)

Chronic Persistent Hepatitis

466

(1)

Chronic Active Hepatitis

466

(1)

Fulminant Hepatic Failure

466

(1)

Etiology

466

(1)

Clinical Features

466

(1)

Laboratory Features

466

(1)

Prognosis

467

(1)

Portal Hypertension

467

(1)

Etiology and Clinical Presentation

467

(1)

Diagnosis

467

(1)

Prognosis

467

(1)

Hepatorenal Syndrome

468

(1)

Hepatic Transplantation

468

(1)

Choledochal Cysts

468

(1)

Clinical Features

468

(1)

Diagnosis

468

(1)

Therapy

468

(1)

Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia

469

(5)

Definition

469

(1)

Causes of Hyperbilirubinemia

469

(1)

Bilirubin Toxicity

470

(1)

Diagnosis

471

(1)

Management

472

(1)

Phototherapy

473

(1)

Other Therapeutic Considerations

473

(1)

Conclusion

474

(1)

Cholecystitis

474

(2)

Epidemiology

474

(1)

Clinical Features

474

(1)

Laboratory and Radiographic Studies

474

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

475

(1)

Treatment

475

(1)

Complications

476

(1)

Prognosis

476

(1)

Short Bowel Syndrome

476

(1)

Section 12 Endocrinology and Metabolism

477

(46)

The Parathyroid Glands

477

(2)

Physiology

477

(1)

Hypoparathyroidism

478

(1)

DiGeorge's Anomaly

478

(1)

Acute Illnesses

478

(1)

Laboratory Findings

478

(1)

Treatment

478

(1)

Hyperparathyroidism

478

(1)

Etiology

478

(1)

Laboratory Findings

478

(1)

Treatment

479

(1)

Puberty and Gonadal Disorders

479

(3)

Precocious Sexual Development

479

(1)

Vraiations of Normal Puberty

480

(1)

Delayed Puberty

481

(1)

Growth, Growth Hormone, and Pituitary Disorders

482

(4)

Growth

482

(1)

Short Stature or Poor Linear Growth

482

(3)

Tall Stature and Excessive Linear Growth

485

(1)

Workup for Short Stature or Poor Linear Growth Velocity

485

(1)

Disorders of Antidiuretic Hormone

485

(1)

Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

486

(7)

Definition and Diagnostic Criteria

486

(1)

Epidemiology

487

(1)

Clinical Presentation

487

(1)

Clinical Course

487

(1)

Goals of Treatment

487

(1)

Management

488

(1)

Complications

489

(1)

Presentation and Definition

489

(1)

Treatment

490

(1)

Complications

491

(2)

The Thyroid Gland

493

(3)

Hypothyroidism

493

(1)

Congenital Hypothyroidism

493

(1)

Acquired Hypothyroidism

493

(1)

Hyperthyroidism

494

(1)

Congenital Hyperthyroidism

494

(1)

Acquired Hyperthyroidism

495

(1)

Diffuse Thyromegaly

496

(1)

The Adrenal Cortex

496

(5)

Adrenocortical Abnormalities

496

(1)

Congential Adrenal Hyperplasia

497

(2)

Primary Adrenal Insufficiency

499

(1)

Secondary Adrenocortical Insufficiency

499

(1)

Adrenocortical Hyperfunction

499

(2)

The Adrenal Medulla

501

(1)

Abnormalities of the Adrenal Medulla

501

(1)

Pheochromocytoma

501

(1)

Signs and Symptoms of Inborn Errors of Metabolism

502

(6)

Evaluation

502

(1)

Metabolic Acidosis

502

(2)

Hyperammonemia

504

(1)

Disorders of Fatty Acid Oxidation

504

(1)

Other Considerations in Inborn Errors

504

(1)

Chromosomal Disorders

505

(3)

Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism

508

(3)

Phenylketonuria

508

(1)

Disorders of Ammonia Metabolism

509

(1)

Ornithine-Transcarbamylase Deficiency Disorders of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism

510

(1)

Disorders of Fatty Acid Oxidation

511

(2)

Defects in Carbohydrate Metabolism

513

(3)

Disorders of Glycogen Synthesis and Degradation

513

(1)

Glycogen Storage Disorders

513

(1)

Disorders of Galactose Metabolism

514

(1)

Disorders of Fructose Metabolism

515

(1)

Lysosomal Storage Disorders

516

(4)

Mucopolysaccharidoses

516

(2)

The Sphingolipidoses

518

(2)

Disorders of Metal Metabolism

520

(3)

Disorders of Iron Metabolism

520

(1)

Disorders of Copper Metaoblism

521

(1)

Disorders of Zinc Metabolism

522

(1)

Section 13 Immunology and Allergy

523

(48)

The Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases

523

(3)

The Clinical Presentation of Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases

523

(1)

Laboratory Evaluation of the Child With Suspected Immunodeficiency

523

(3)

Disorders of Humoral Immunity

526

(2)

X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia

526

(1)

Common Variable Immunodeficiency

527

(1)

Selective IgA Deficiency

527

(1)

IgG Subclass Deficiencies

528

(1)

Complement Deficiencies

528

(2)

Clinical Presentation

528

(1)

Specific Disorders

529

(1)

Functional Disorders of Granulocytes

530

(3)

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

530

(1)

Schwachman-Diamond Syndrome

531

(1)

Chronic Granulomatosis Disease

531

(2)

Combined Immunodeficiency Diseases

533

(6)

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)

534

(1)

Clinical Features

534

(1)

Immunologic Findings

534

(1)

Pathogenesis

534

(1)

Treatment of SCID

534

(1)

Ataxia-Telangiectasia

535

(1)

Clinical Features

535

(1)

Immunologic Defects

536

(1)

Pathogenesis

536

(1)

Treatment

536

(1)

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

536

(1)

Clinical Features

536

(1)

Immunologic Defects

537

(1)

Pathogenesis

537

(1)

Treatment

537

(1)

DiGeorge's Anomaly (Thymic Hypoplasia, Third and Fourth Pharyngeal Pouch Syndrome)

538

(1)

Clinical Features

538

(1)

Immunologic Defects

538

(1)

Pathogenesis

538

(1)

Treatment

539

(1)

Pediatric AIDS

539

(3)

Etiologic Agent and Pathogenesis

539

(1)

Epidemiology

540

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

540

(1)

Diagnosis

541

(1)

Treatment

541

(1)

Prevention

542

(1)

General Considerations in Allergy

542

(4)

Classification of Allergic Diseases

543

(1)

Clinical Presentation of the Atopic Syndrome

543

(1)

Prevalance and Natural History

543

(1)

Prediction and Prevention

544

(1)

Diagnostic Evaluation

544

(1)

Treatment

545

(1)

Unproven Diseases and Therapy

546

(1)

Asthma

546

(7)

Natural History

547

(1)

Pathophysiology

547

(1)

Pharmacotherapy for Asthma

548

(2)

Chronic Management

550

(2)

Treatment of Acute Asthma

552

(1)

The Wheezing Infant

553

(1)

Urticaria and Angioedema

553

(4)

Causes

554

(1)

Urticaria Disorders

555

(1)

Diagnostic Evaluation

556

(1)

Treatment

557

(1)

Food Allergies

557

(4)

Food Allergies

557

(1)

Prevalance

557

(1)

Pathogenesis

558

(1)

Clinical Symptoms

558

(1)

Diagnosis

559

(1)

Treatment

560

(1)

Conclusion

561

(1)

Atopic Dermatitis

561

(3)

Incidence

561

(1)

Definition and Clinical Features

561

(1)

Physiologic Abnormalities

562

(1)

Etiology

562

(1)

Diagnosis

563

(1)

Therapy

563

(1)

Course and Prognosis

564

(1)

Allergic Rhinitis and Associated Disorders

564

(3)

Allergic Rhinitis

564

(1)

Anatomy

564

(1)

Symptoms and Signs

565

(1)

Diagnostic Tests

565

(1)

Management of Allergic Rhinitis

566

(1)

Disorders Associated With Allergic Rhinitis

566

(1)

Allergic Conjunctivitis

566

(1)

Chronic Sinusitis

567

(1)

Conclusion

567

(1)

Insect Sting Allergy

567

(4)

The Insects

568

(1)

Reaction Types

568

(1)

Diagnosis

569

(1)

Venom Skin Testing

569

(1)

RAST Testing

569

(1)

Management

569

(2)

Section 14 Connective Tissue Diseases

571

(12)

Connective Tissue Diseases

571

(12)

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

571

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

571

(2)

Diagnosis

573

(1)

Medical Treatment

574

(1)

Course of Disease and Prognosis

575

(1)

Lyme Disease

575

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

576

(1)

Treatment

576

(1)

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

577

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

577

(1)

Laboratory Findings

578

(1)

Diagnosis

578

(1)

Treatment

579

(1)

Course and Prognosis

579

(1)

Dermatomyositis

579

(1)

Etiology

579

(1)

Clinical Presentation and Course

580

(1)

Laboratory Abnormalities

580

(1)

Treatment

581

(1)

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

581

(1)

Clinical Manifestations

582

(1)

Laboratory Studies

582

(1)

Diagnosis

582

(1)

Treatment

583

(1)

Prognosis

583

(1)

Section 15 Neurologic Disorders

583

(24)

Evaluation of the Child With Neurologic Disease

583

(3)

Patient History and Neurologic Examination

583

(3)

Developmental Defects

586

(3)

Hydrocephaly

586

(1)

Pathogenesis

586

(1)

Etiology

586

(1)

Symptoms and Signs

586

(1)

Diagnosis and Therapy

586

(1)

Prognosis

587

(1)

Arnold-Chiari Malformations

587

(1)

Macrocephaly and Microcephaly

588

(1)

Macrocephaly

588

(1)

Microcephaly

589

(1)

Acute Encephalopathies

589

(4)

Pathophysiology

589

(1)

Clinical Presentation

589

(1)

Etiology

590

(3)

Static Encephalopathy (Cerebral Palsy)

593

(2)

Risk Factors

593

(1)

Associated Abnormalities

593

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

594

(1)

Treatment and Prognosis

594

(1)

Benign Intracranial Hypertension

595

(2)

Pathogenesis

595

(1)

Symptoms and Signs

595

(1)

Diagnosis

595

(1)

Treatment

595

(2)

Cerebrovascular Disease in Childhood

597

(2)

Occlusive Cerebrovascular Disease

597

(2)

Intracranial Hemorrhage

599

(1)

Acute Head Trauma

599

(8)

Management

600

(2)

Treatment

602

(1)

Clinical Syndromes in Children With Acute Head Injuries

603

(3)

Prognosis

606

(1)

Section 16 Seizure Disorders

607

(8)

Epilepsy

607

(4)

Generalized Seizures

607

(1)

Partial Seizures

608

(1)

Epileptic Syndromes

608

(1)

Ancillary Laboratory Studies

609

(1)

Medical Treatment

609

(1)

Counseling Patients and Parents

610

(1)

Status Epilepticus

611

(1)

Definition

611

(1)

Treatment

611

(1)

Febrile Seizures

612

(1)

Signs and Symptoms

612

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

612

(1)

Diagnostic Tests

612

(1)

Prognosis

613

(1)

Reye's Syndrome

613

(2)

Pathogenesis

613

(1)

Treatment

614

(1)

Section 17 Childhood Neopathies

615

(32)

Disorders of the Anterior Horn Cell

615

(1)

Progressive Spinal Muscular Atrophy

615

(1)

Peripheral Neuropathy

616

(3)

Inflammatory Polyradiculoneuropathy (Guillain-Barre Syndrome)

617

(1)

Postinfectious Neuropathies

618

(1)

Brachial Plexopathy

618

(1)

Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy Type 1 (Hypertrophic Peroneal Muscular Atrophy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease)

618

(1)

Toxic Neuropathies

619

(1)

Diseases of the Neuromuscular Junction

619

(5)

Juvenile Myasthenia Gravis

620

(1)

Pathophysiology

620

(1)

Clinical Features

620

(1)

Diagnostic Studies

621

(1)

Treatment and Prognosis

621

(1)

Congental Myasthenia Gravis

621

(1)

Botulism

621

(1)

Pathophysiology

621

(1)

Clinical Features

622

(1)

Diagnostic Studies

622

(1)

Differential Diagnosis

622

(1)

Treatment and Prognosis

623

(1)

Tick Paralysis

623

(1)

Pathophysiology

623

(1)

Clinical Features

623

(1)

Diagnostic Studies

623

(1)

Treatment and Prognosis

623

(1)

Neuromuscular Toxins

624

(1)

Hereditary and Acquired Types of Myopathy

624

(4)

Duchenne Type Muscular Dystrophy

624

(1)

Becker's Muscular Dystrophy

624

(1)

Limb-Girdle Syndromes

625

(1)

Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy

625

(1)

Mitochondrial Diseases

625

(3)

Adrenoleukodystrophy

628

(2)

Forms of the Disease

628

(1)

Diagnosis and Treatment

629

(1)

The Metabolic Encephalopathies

630

(3)

Diseases of Copper Metabolism

630

(1)

Menkes' Syndrome

630

(1)

Wilson's Disease

630

(2)

The Porphyrias

631

(1)

Acute Intermittent Porphyria

632

(1)

Porphyria Cutanea Tarda

633

(1)

Erythropoietic Protoporphyria

633

(1)

Rett Syndrome

633

(2)

Basal Ganglia and Neurtransmitter Disorders

635

(5)

Huntington's Disease

635

(1)

Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders

635

(5)

The Phakomatoses and Other Neurocutaneous Syndromes

640

(7)

Neurofibromatosis

640

(1)

NF-1: von Recklinghausen's Neurofibromatosis

640

(1)

Features

640

(1)

Natural History

640

(1)

Diagnosis

640

(1)

Treatment

640

(1)

Tuberous Sclerosis

641

(1)

Natural History

641

(1)

Diagnosis

642

(1)

Treatment

642

(1)

Sturge-Weber Disease

642

(1)

Features

642

(1)

Natural History

642

(1)

Diagnosis

642

(1)

Treatment

643

(1)

Headache

643

(1)

Migraine

643

(1)

Tension Headaches

644

(1)

Sinus Headaches

644

(1)

Other Extracranial Causes of Headache

645

(1)

Intracranial Causes of Headache

645

(1)

Acute Headache

645

(2)

Part V Pediatrician's Companion: Important Things to Remember

647

(74)

Evlauation and Use of Laboratory Tests

649

(4)

Performance Characteristics of Tests

649

(2)

Assessing Information About a Test

651

(2)

Laboratory Values

653

(1)

Common Syndromes With Morphologic Abnormalities

653

(25)

Aarskog's Syndrome

654

(1)

Achnodroplasia Syndrome

654

(1)

AIDS Embryopathy (Fetal AIDS Syndrome)

655

(1)

Anhidrotic (Hypohidrotic) Ectodermal Dysplasia

655

(1)

Aniridia-Wilms' Tumor Association

655

(1)

Apert's Syndrome (Acrocephalosyndactyly)

656

(1)

Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome

656

(1)

Bloom's Syndrome

657

(1)

Camptomelic Dysplasia Syndrome

657

(1)

Carpenter's Syndrome

658

(1)

Cerebral Gigantism (Sotos Syndrome)

658

(1)

Cerebrohepatorenal (Zellweger) Syndrome

659

(1)

CHARGE Association

659

(1)

Cockayne's Syndrome

659

(1)

Cornelia de Lange's Syndrome

660

(1)

Cri du Chat Syndrome (5p)

661

(1)

Crouzon's Syndrome (Craniofacial Dysostosis)

661

(1)

Down Syndrome

662

(1)

Fanconi's Pancytopenia

662

(1)

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

663

(1)

Fetal Hydantion Syndrome

663

(1)

Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome

664

(1)

Hurler's Syndrome (Mucopolysaccharidosis I)

664

(1)

Langer-Giedion Type of the Trichorhinophalangeal Syndrome

665

(1)

Larsen's Syndrome

665

(1)

Leprechaunism Syndrome

666

(1)

Marfan's Syndrome

666

(1)

Menkes' Syndrome

667

(1)

Morquio's Syndrome (Mucopolysaccharidosis IV)

667

(1)

Mulibrey Nanism

668

(1)

Noonan's Syndrome

668

(1)

Oculoauriculovertebral Dysplasia (Goldenhar's Syndrome)

669

(1)

Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome (OFD)

669

(1)

Prader-Willi Syndrome

670

(1)

Progeria (Hutchinson-Gilford Syndrome)

670

(1)

Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome

671

(1)

Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome

671

(1)

Russell-Silver Syndrome

672

(1)

Seathre-Chotzen Syndrome (Acrocephalosyndactyly Type III)

672

(1)

Seckel's Syndrome

673

(1)

Shprintzen's (Velo-Cardio-Facial) Syndrome

673

(1)

Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome

674

(1)

Stickler's Syndrome (Hereditary Arthro-Ophthalmopathy)

674

(1)

TAR (Radial Aplasia-Thrombocytopenia)

675

(1)

Treacher Collins Syndrome

675

(1)

Trisomy 13

675

(1)

Trisomy 18 (Edward's Syndrome)

676

(1)

Turner's Syndrome

677

(1)

Vater Association

677

(1)

Williams Syndrome

678

(1)

Presenting Signs and Symptoms

678

(34)

Abdominal Masses

678

(1)

Abdominal Pain

679

(1)

Alopecia

680

(1)

Anorexia

681

(1)

Apnea

682

(1)

Back Pain

683

(1)

Chest Pain

683

(1)

Coma

683

(1)

Constipation

684

(1)

Cough

685

(1)

Cyanosis

685

(2)

Diarrhea, Chronic

687

(1)

Dysphagia

687

(1)

Dysrhythmia

688

(1)

Dysuria

688

(1)

Encopresis

689

(1)

Enuresis

689

(1)

Epistaxis

689

(1)

Failure to Thrive

690

(1)

Fatigue

691

(1)

Fever of Unknown Origin

692

(1)

Gastrointestinal Bleeding

693

(1)

Headache

694

(1)

Hematuria

694

(2)

Hemoptysis

696

(1)

Hepatomegaly

696

(1)

Hirsutism

697

(1)

Hoarseness

698

(1)

Hyperhidrosis

699

(1)

Hyperkalemia

699

(1)

Hypernatremia

700

(1)

Hypertension

700

(1)

Hypokalemia

701

(1)

Hyponatremia

701

(1)

Hypotonia, Neonatal

701

(1)

Jaundice (Beyond the Neonatal Period)

702

(1)

Joint Pain

702

(1)

Limb Pain

703

(1)

Limp

704

(1)

Lymphadenopathy (Generalized)

705

(1)

Odors of Disease

705

(1)

Polyuria

705

(1)

Proteinuria

706

(1)

Pruritus

706

(1)

Purpura (Petechial and Ecchymoses)

707

(1)

Scrotal Swelling

707

(1)

Seizures

708

(1)

Splenomegaly

709

(1)

Stridor

709

(1)

Torticollis

710

(1)

Vertigo and Syncope

710

(1)

Wheezing

711

(1)

Pediatric Pharmacotherapy

712

(9)

Carlton K. K. Lee

Index

721

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Oski's Essential Pediatrics

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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