The Oxford Handbook of Fascism

The essays in this Handbook, written by an international team of distinguished scholars, combine to explore the way in which fascism is understood by contemporary scholarship, as well as pointing to areas of continuing dispute and discussion. From a focus on Italy as, chronologically at least, the 'first Fascist nation', the contributors cover a wide range of countries, from Nazi Germany and the comparison with Soviet Communism to fascism in Yugoslavia and its successor states. The book also examines the roots of fascism before 1914 and its survival, whether in practice or in memory, after 1945. The analysis looks at both fascist ideas and practice, and at the often uneasy relationship between the two. The book is not designed to provide any final answers to the fascist problem and no quick definition emerges from its pages. Readers will rather find there historical debate. On appropriate occasions, the authors disagree with each other and have not been forced into any artificial "consensus," offering readers the chance to engage with the debates over a phenomenon that, more than any other single factor, led humankind into the catastrophe of the Second World War.

Introduction
Ideas and Formative Experience
Chapter 1 The ideological origins of Fascism before 1914 by Kevin Passmore
Chapter 2 The First World War as Cultural Trauma by Alan Kramer
Chapter 3 World War One as Totality by Richard Bessel
Chapter 4 The Aftermath of War by Glenda Sluga

The First Fascist Nation
Chapter 5 Squadrism by Mimmo Franzinelli
Chapter 6 Culture and Intellectuals by Guido Bonsaver
Chapter 7 The Peasant Experience Under Italian Fascism by Roger Absalom
Chapter 8 Corporatism and the Economic Order by Philip Morgan
Chapter 9 Fascism and Catholicism by John Pollard
Chapter 10 Propaganda and Youth by Patrizia Dogliani
Chapter 11 Women in Mussolini's Italy 1922-45 by Perry Willson
Chapter 12 Crime and Repression by Mauro Canali
Chapter 13 Fascism and War by Davide Rodogno
Chapter 14 Dictators, Strong or Weak? The Model of Benito Mussolini by Richard Bosworth

The Nazi Comparison
Chapter 15 State and Society: Italy and Germany Compared by Gustavo Corni
Chapter 16 Race by Robert Gordon
Chapter 17 Diplomacy and World War: the (first) Axis of Evil by Jim Burgwyn

Others
Chapter 18 Communism: Fascism's 'other'? by Roger Markwick
Chapter 19 Spain by Mary Vincent
Chapter 20 Hungary by Mark Pittaway
Chapter 21 Romania by Radu Ioanid
Chapter 22 Yugoslavia and its successor states by Marko Attila Hoare
Chapter 23 Austria by Corinna Peniston-Bird
Chapter 24 The Netherlands by Bob Moore
Chapter 25 Belgium by Bruno de Wever
Chapter 26 Britain and its Empire by Martin Pugh
Chapter 27 France by Joan Tumblety
Chapter 28 Japan by Rikki Kersten

Reflection and Legacies
Chapter 29 Comparisons and Definitions by Robert Paxton
Chapter 30 Memory and Representations of Fascism in Germany and Italy by Nathan Stoltzfus and Richard Bosworth
Chapter 31 Neofascism by Anna Cento Bull
Introduction
Ideas and Formative Experience
1. The ideological origins of Fascism before 1914, Kevin Passmore
2. The First World War as Cultural Trauma, Alan Kramer
3. World War One as Totality, Richard Bessel
4. The Aftermath of War, Glenda Sluga
The First Fascist Nation
5. Squadrism, Mimmo Franzinelli
6. Culture and Intellectuals, Guido Bonsaver
7. The Peasant Experience Under Italian Fascism, Roger Absalom
8. Corporatism and the Economic Order, Philip Morgan
9. Fascism and Catholicism, John Pollard
10. Propaganda and Youth, Patrizia Dogliani
11. Women in Mussolini's Italy 1922-45, Perry Willson
12. Crime and Repression, Mauro Canali
13. Fascism and War, Davide Rodogno
14. Dictators, Strong or Weak? The Model of Benito Mussolini, Richard Bosworth
The Nazi Comparison
15. State and Society: Italy and Germany Compared, Gustavo Corni
16. Race, Robert Gordon
17. Diplomacy and World War: the (first) Axis of Evil, Jim Burgwyn
Others
18. Communism: Fascism's 'other'?, Roger Markwick
19. Spain, Mary Vincent
20. Hungary, Mark Pittaway
21. Romania, Radu Ioanid
22. Yugoslavia and its successor states, Marko Attila Hoare
23. Austria, Corinna Peniston-Bird
24. The Netherlands, Bob Moore
25. Belgium, Bruno de Wever
26. Britain and its Empire, Martin Pugh
27. France, Joan Tumblety
28. Japan, Rikki Kersten
Reflection and Legacies
29. Comparisons and Definitions, Robert Paxton
30. Memory and Representations of Fascism in Germany and Italy, Nathan Stoltzfus and Richard Bosworth
31. Neofascism, Anna Cento Bull