The Oxford Handbook of Prosocial Behavior

The Oxford Handbook of Prosocial Behavior provides a comprehensive review of the current literature on when and why people act to benefit others. It provides a comprehensive overview of the field to give both the casual reader and the neophyte to the field some perspective about fundamental questions (what, why, when, and who) relative to prosocial behavior. Taking a multi-level approach, the chapters represent the broad spectrum of this multi-faceted domain. Topics range from micro-level analyses involving evolutionary and comparative psychological factors to macro-level applications, such as reducing intergroup conflicts and ethnic genocide. Between these extremes, the contributors--all internationally recognized in their field--offer their perspectives on developmental processes that may predispose individuals to empathize with and respond to the needs of others, individual differences that seem to interact with situational demands to promote helping, and the underlying motivations of those helping others. They explain volunteerism, intragroup cooperation, and intergroup cooperation to move the analysis from the individual to group-level phenomena. They extend the consideration of this topic to include support of pro-environmental actions, means to encourage participation in medical clinical trials, and the promotion of world peace. The ways that gender, interpersonal relationships, race, and religion might affect decisions to give aid and support to others are also addressed. The final chapter offers a unique view of prosocial behavior that encourages researchers and readers to take an even broader consideration of the field to search for a prosocial consilience.

David A. Schroeder is a Professor of Psychological Science and Director of Experimental Training at the University of Arkansas. He received his B.S. in psychology from Purdue University and his Ph.D. in social psychology from Arizona State University. He has authored numerous books and professional articles and delivered many conference presentations in the course of studying the motivation for helping behavior, social dilemmas, social-influence processes, and social justice.

William G. Graziano is a Professor of Psychological Sciences at Purdue University. He received his B.A. in psychology from Franklin and Marshall College and his Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota. He has authored professional articles and presentations on topics as diverse as personality and social/personality development, motivation, and interpersonal relations.

Introduction
1. The Field of Prosocial Behavior: An Introduction and Overview
David Schroeder & Bill Graziano

Part One: Prosocial Behavior at the Micro-Level
2. The Evolutionary Psychology of Human Prosociality: Adaptations, Mistakes, and Byproducts
Pat Barclay & Mark van Vugt

3. Prosocial Primates
Frans de Waal

4. The Economics of Prosocial Behavior
Erik van Dijk

5. The Developmental and Evolutionary Origins of Human Helping and Sharing
Felix Warneken & Michael Tomasello

6. The Development of Prosocial Behavior
Nancy Eisenberg, Natalie D. Eggum & Tracy L. Spinrad

7. Morality and Prosocial Judgments and Behavior
Eliot Turiel

8. The Contextually Grounded Nature of Prosocial Behavior: A Multiscale, Embodied Approach to Morality
J. Scott Jordan & Eric Wesselmann

9. Terror Management and Prosocial Behavior: A Theory of Self-Protective Altruism
Gilad Hirschberger

10. Culture and Prosocial Behavior
Irina Feygina & P. J. Henry

11. An Attachment Perspective on Prosocial Attitudes and Behavior
Mario Mikulincer & Phil Shaver

12. Personality and Prosocial Behavior
Bill Graziano & Meara Habashi

Part Two: Prosocial Behavior at the Meso-Level
13. The Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis
Dan Batson, David Lishner & Eric Stocks

14. Empathy and Prosocial Behavior
Mark Davis

15. The Other Side of the Helping Paradigm: Seeking and Receiving Help
Arie Nadler

16. Understanding Prosocial Behavior Requires Understanding Relational Context
Margaret Clark, Erica Boothby, Elizabeth Clark-Polner & Harry T. Reis

17. Functional Motives and Functional Consequences of Prosocial Behavior
Stephanie Brown & Robert Cialdini

18. Prosocial Behavior in Close Relationships: An Interdependence Approach
Chris Agnew & Benjamin Le

19. Beyond the Damsel in Distress: Gender Differences and Similarities in Enacting Prosocial Behavior
Amanda Diekman & Emily K. Clark

20. Race and Prosocial Behavior
Don Saucier

21. Prosocial Behavior in Later Life
Liz Midlarsky & Eva Kahana

22. Stigma: Implications for Helping Behavior
John Pryor

Part Three: Prosocial Behavior at the Macro-Level
23. Volunteerism and Community Involvement: Antecedents, Experiences, and Consequences of the Person and the Situation
Arthur A. Stukas, Mark Snyder, & Gil Clary

24. Health and Well-being Consequences of Formal Volunteering
Jane Piliavin & Erica Siegl

25. Determinants of Cooperation in Social Dilemmas
Craig Parks

26. Justice and Intragroup Cooperation
Tom Tyler

27. Intergroup Cooperation
Jack Dovidio & Jillian C. Banfield

28. Tolerance: An Elusive but Fundamental Aspect of Sociality
Anton Dijker

Part Four: New Directions in Prosocial Behavior: Extensions of Prosocial Processes

29. Religion and Prosociality
Jo-Ann Tsang, Wade Rowatt, & Azim Shariff

30. Prosocial Behavior and Environmental Action
Jessica M. Nolan & P. Wesley Schultz

31. Prosocial Behavior in Cancer Research: Patient Participation in Cancer Clinical Trials
Lou Penner, Mark Manning, Susan Eggly, & Terrance Albrecht

32. Peace Psychology and Prosocial Behavior
Daniel J. Christie & Cristina J. Montiel

33. The Roots of Helping, Heroic Rescue, and Resistance to and the Prevention of Mass Violence: Active Bystandership in Extreme Times and in Building Peaceful Societies
Ervin Staub

Conclusion
34. Gaining the Big Picture: Prosocial Behavior as an End Product
William G. Graziano & David A. Schroeder