Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Health

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ISBN: 9780824727338 | 0824727339
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 5/24/2005

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Specifically focusing on the redox regulation of cell signaling responsible for oxidative stress and inflammatory tissue damage, this reference provides a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge research on the intracellular events mediating or preventing oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory processes induced by endogenous and xenobiotic factors-analyzing the implications of oxidative stress and inflammatory damage in the pathogenesis of human disorders such as cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and diabetes.

Series Introduction

iii

Preface

Contributors

1. Oxidants and Antioxidants: Mechanism of Action and Regulation of Gene Expression by Bioflavonoids

(20)

Lester Packer

Abstract

(1)

Introduction to Free Radicals and Antioxidants

(2)

Mechanisms of Antioxidant Defense by Flavonoids

(3)

Oxidative Stress and the Antioxidant Network

(2)

Redox Regulation of Gene Expression

(3)

Neuroactive Responses In Vivo to Ginkgo Biloba EGb 761

(9)

2. Transcriptional Regulation of Cellular Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms

(20)

Young-Joon Surh

Toxicological vs. Physiological Functions of ROS

(2)

Adaptive Response to Oxidative Injuries

(1)

Cellular Antioxidant Defenses

(2)

Transcriptional Regulation of Cellular Antioxidant and Detoxifying Enzymes

(6)

ARE as a Critical Component of Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Defense

(1)

Summary

(8)

3. Redox Regulation of Inflammatory Tissue Damage by Thioredoxin

(20)

Shugo Ueda, Hajime Nakamura, Takayuki Nakamura, and Junji Yodoi

Abstract

(1)

Introduction-Redox Control by Thioredoxin System

(2)

TRX Family

(1)

TRX System and Modulation of

Signal Transduction

(2)

Extracellular TRX

(1)

TRX-Knockout Mouse

(1)

TRX-Transgenic Mouse

(1)

Therapeutic Approach Using Recombinant Human TRX-Translational Research

(1)

Concluding Remarks

(10)

4. Regulation of NF-kB-Driven Inflammatory Genes by Phytoestrogens

(46)

Wim Vanden Berghe, Nathalie Dijsselbloem, An De Naeyer, Linda Vermeulen, and Guy Haegeman

Introduction

(2)

(Phyto)Estrogens

(5)

NF-kB

(5)

Induction Mechanisms of NF-kB-Driven Gene Induction

(4)

Negative Modulation of NF-kB-Driven Gene Induction by Phytoestrogens

(4)

Conclusion

(26)

5. Nuclear Factor-kB as Target for Chemoprevention

107

(20)

Bharat B. Aggarwal

Abbreviations

107

(1)

Abstract

107

(1)

Carcinogenesis/Tumorigenesis

108

(1)

Cigarette Smoke and Cancer

109

(2)

Effect of Cigarette Smoke on Pulmonary Inflammation

111

(1)

Oxidative Damage by Cigarette Smoke

112

(1)

Composition of Cigarette Smoke

112

(1)

What is NF-kB?

113

(1)

Relevance of NF-kB to Cigarette Smoking

114

(1)

Why NF-kB Is Important for Cancer?

114

(3)

Chemopreventive Agents Inhibit NF-kB Activation

117

(1)

Conclusion

118

(9)

6. Heme Oxygenase-1: An Emerging Major Cellular Defense Against Cigarette Smoke-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cytotoxicity

127

(18)

Thomas Müller

Abstract

127

(1)

Introduction

128

(2)

HO-1 Is the Most Strongly Induced Antioxidant Gene in CS-Exposed Cells, In Vitro and In Vivo

130

(2)

CS-Exposed Fibroblasts with Impaired HO-1 Inducibility Exhibit Increased Cytotoxicity

132

(1)

Swiss 3T3 Cells with Compromised HO-1 Inducibility Undergo Apoptosis When Exposed to CS

133

(2)

The CS-Dependent Apoptotic Signal Is Transduced by JNK and p38 MAPK Pathways

135

(1)

Absence of HO-1 Expression Is Associated with Apoptosis Induction in CS-Exposed U937 Cells

136

(2)

Concluding Remarks

138

(7)

7. Biphasic Induction of HO-1 in Macrophages Treated with Lipopolysaccharide: Role of HO-1 Induction in Cell Survival from Oxidative Stress

145

(50)

Klaokwan Srisook and Young-Nam Cha

Introduction

145

(5)

Protective Effect of NO Against Cytotoxicity of ROS Only in the Presence of GSH

150

(2)

Oxidative Stress and Inductions of iNOS and HO-1

152

(3)

Heme Oxygenase

155

(4)

Co-operative Interaction Between iNOS and HO-1

159

(7)

LPS-Derived Depletion of GSH and Sequential Induction of iNOS and HO-1

166

(13)

Conclusion

179

(16)

8. The Role of Gα12 Proteins in the PKC and JNK-Dependent Induction of NOS by Thrombin

195

(14)

Sang Geon Kim, So Yeon Choi, Min Kyung Cho, Keon Wook Kang, and Chang Ho Lee

Abbreviations

195

(1)

Abstract

196

(2)

Induction of iNOS by Thrombin

198

(1)

Activation of NF-kB Transcription Factor

198

(2)

NOS Induction and NF-kB Activation by Ga12/13

200

(1)

PKC-Mediated NF-kB Activation Downstream of Gα12/13

200

(2)

The Role of MAP Kinases in iNOS Induction

202

(1)

Coupling of Ga12/13 to JNK

202

(1)

JNK-Dependent Degradation of Phosphorylated I-kBα

203

(1)

Conclusions

204

(5)

9. Actions of 8-Hydroxyguanine in DNA

209

(12)

Jin Won Hyun and Myung Hee Chung

Introduction

209

(1)

8-Hydroxyguanine (8-Oxoguanine; oh8Gua) and Its Repair Enzymes

210

(1)

Model for 8-Hydroxyguanine Studies

211

(3)

8-Hydroxyguanine in DNA and Apoptosis

214

(1)

Radiation, OGG1, and 8-Hydroxyguanine

215

(1)

Conclusion

216

(5)

10. Role of Oxidative Stress in Hypercholesterolemia-Induced Inflammation

221

(24)

Karen Y. Stokes, Anitaben Tailor, and D. Neil Granger

Introduction

221

(1)

Oxidative Stress-Generating Systems in Hypercholesterolemia

222

(4)

Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses During Hypercholesterolemia

226

(7)

Linkage Between Microvascular and Macrovascular Responses to Hypercholesterolemia

233

(1)

Antioxidant Strategies in Hypercholesterolemia

234

(2)

Conclusions

236

(9)

11. Oxidative Stress in Rheumatoid Arthritis

245

(26)

Takashi Okamoto

Introduction

245

(2)

Pathophysiology of RA

247

(1)

Involvement of NF-kB in RA as a Primary Pathogenic Determinant

248

(2)

Oxidative Stress in RA

250

(1)

Oxido-Reduction of Proteins as a Signal: Redox Regulation

251

(1)

Signaling Cascade for NF-kB Activation

251

(6)

Roles of Thioredoxin in RA Pathophysiology

257

(4)

Conclusion

261

(10)

12. Roles of Carbon Monoxide and Nitric Oxide in Liver Damage

271

(20)

Hun-Taeg Chung, Hyun-Ock Pae, Byung-Min Choi, and Soo-Cheon Chae

Introduction

271

(1)

Roles of NO in Liver Damage

272

(4)

Roles of CO in Liver Damage

276

(4)

Interaction Between CO and NO in the Liver

280

(2)

Conclusion

282

(9)

13. Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Smokers and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

291

(78)

Irfan Rahman

Abstract

291

(1)

Introduction

292

(2)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

294

(1)

Cell-Derived ROS

294

(4)

Inhaled Oxidants and Cigarette Smoke

298

(2)

Alterations in the Alveolar Space

300

(1)

Alterations in Blood

301

(1)

Reactive Oxygen and Reactive Nitrogen Species as Surrogate Markers in Plasma and Exhaled Breath Condensate

302

(7)

Depletion of Antioxidants

309

(3)

Depletion of Glutathione

312

(1)

Other Auxiliary Antioxidants

313

(1)

Consequences of Oxidant/Antioxidant Imbalance

314

(1)

Mucus Hypersecretion

315

(1)

Remodeling of Extracellular Matrix

316

(1)

Apoptosis

317

(1)

Muscle Dysfunction

317

(1)

Oxidative Stress and the Development of Airway Obstruction

318

(1)

Inflammation and Gene Expression

319

(6)

Antioxidant Protective Genes

325

(3)

Chromatin Remodeling (Histone Acetylation and Deacetylation) and Glucocorticoid Inefficacy

328

(5)

Inflammation and Adenoviral E1A

333

(1)

Oxidative Stress and Susceptibility to COPD

334

(1)

Antioxidant Therapeutic Interventions

335

(1)

Thiol Compounds

336

(4)

Conclusion

340

(29)

14. Association of Chronic Inflammation with Carcinogenesis: Implications of Anti-inflammatory Strategies for Cancer Prevention

369

(20)

Marie Yeo, Sang Uk Han, Ki Taik Nam, Dae Young Kim, Sung Won Cho, and Ki-Baik Hahm

Abstract

369

(1)

Introduction

370

(1)

Association of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer in Gastroenterology

371

(1)

Role of Oxidative Stress in GI Carcinogenesis

372

(2)

Procancer Microenvironment Formation by Chronic, Persistent Inflammation

374

(6)

Anti-Inflammatory Treatment as Cancer Prevention Strategy

380

(9)

15. Molecular Inflammation as an Underlying Mechanism of Aging: The Anti-inflammatory Action of Calorie Restriction

389

(34)

Hae Young Chung, Kyung Jin Jung, and Byung Pal Yu

Introduction

389

(3)

Biological Generation Sites of Reactive Species

392

(1)

Inflammation Caused by Oxidative Stress

393

(4)

Status of NF-kB in Inflammation and Aging

397

(2)

Regulation of NF-kB Activation by IKK/NIK and MAPK

399

(5)

Bases for Molecular Inflammation in Aging

404

(1)

Supporting Evidence for the Molecular Inflammation Hypothesis

405

(5)

Conclusion

410

(13)

16. Oxidative Stress in Mitochondria: The Involvement in Neurodegenerative Diseases

423

(22)

Makoto Naoi, Wakako Maruyama, Masayo Shamoto-Nagai, Yoji Kato, and Masashi Tanaka Abstract

424

(21)

Oxidative Stress and Modified Protein as the Marker

425

(4)

Mitochondrial Complex I Subunits Are Nitrated by ONOO-

429

(5)

Proteasome: Its Role in Accumulation of Oxidized Proteins

434

(1)

Mitochondrial Dysfunction Inhibits the Proteasome System by Oxidative Modification

435

(3)

Conclusion

438

(7)

17. Implications of Inflammatory Stress in Alzheimer's Disease

445

(26)

Jung-Hee Jang and Young-Joon Surh

Introduction

445

(1)

Elevated Inflammatory Responses in AD

446

(3)

Anti-inflammatory Therapy for AD

449

(1)

Roles of COX-2 and Nitrosative Stress in Neuronal Cell Death

450

(4)

Cross-Talk Between iNOS and COX Pathways in Inflammation

454

(2)

Transcription Factors and Upstream Intracellular Signaling Molecules in Αβ-Induced Inflammation

456

(5)

Conclusion and Future Directions

461

(10)

18. Biomarkers for Evaluating Antioxidant Effects

471

(30)

Robin van den Berg, Henk van den Berg, Guido R.M.M. Haenen, and Aalt Bast

Free Radicals and Antioxidants: Need or Threat?

471

(4)

How to Assess/Quantify Health Benefits From Antioxidants in Humans

475

(6)

Methodologies of Markers for Evaluating Antioxidant Protection and Oxidative Damage

481

(6)

Methods of Assessing Oxidative Damage

487

(14)

19. Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Potentials

501

(24)

Muhammad Soobrattee, Theeshan Bahorun, and Okezie I. Aruoma

RNS/ROS and Oxidative Stress

501

(1)

Neurodegenerative Disorders

502

(1)

Alzheimer's Disease

503

(3)

Antioxidants as Prophylactic Agents in the Management of AD

506

(19)

20. Resveratrol-A Unique Polyphenolic Antioxidant Present in Grape Skins and Red Wine-Is a Preventive Medicine Against a Variety of Degenerative Diseases

525

(24)

Dipak K. Das and Nilanjana Maulik

Abstract

525

(1)

Introduction

526

(2)

Resveratrol

528

(3)

Preconditioning with Resveratrol

531

(8)

Summary and Conclusion

539

(10)

21. Molecular Mechanisms of Prevention Against Allergic Rhinitis by Aller-7, A Novel Polyherbal Formulation

549

(38)

Debasis Bagchi, Amit Agarwal, Vinod S. Saxena, and Manashi Bagchi

Abstract

549

(1)

Introduction

550

(5)

Safety

555

(6)

Pharmacological Activity Studies

561

(16)

Human Clinical Studies

577

(5)

Conclusion

582

(5)

22. Antioxidant Character of Selenium and Its Survival Signals by Activation of PI3-K/Akt Pathways

587

(22)

Sang-Oh Yoon, Jong-Min Park, and An-Sik Chung

Introduction

587

(1)

Selenium Deficiency and Glutathione Peroxidase Activity

588

(2)

Selenium Increases Cell Proliferation and Blocks Apoptosis Induced by H2O2

590

(1)

Selenite Inhibits H2O2-Induced Apoptosis via the Inhibition of ASK1 Activity and Activation of PI3-K-Dependent Akt Activity

591

(4)

Selenium Increases Glucose Uptake, ATP Generation, Mitochondrial Membrane Potential, and BCL-2 Expression but Decreases Caspase Activity

595

(5)

Concluding Remarks

600

(9)

23. Neuroprotection by Rasagiline and Related Propargylamines Is Mediated by Suppression of Mitochondrial Death Signal and Induction of Antiapoptotic Genes

609

(22)

Wakako Maruyama, Yukihiro Akao, Makoto Naoi, and Atsumi Nitta

Abstract

610

(1)

Neuroprotection by Propargylamines: Intracellular Mechanism

611

(2)

Induction of Neuroprotective Protein

613

(9)

Discussion

622

(9)

Index

631

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Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Health

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