Pacific Languages

Pacific Languages introduces readers to the grammatical features of Oceanic, Papuan, and Australian languages as well as to the semantic structures of these languages. For readers without a formal linguistic background, a brief introduction to descriptive linguistics is provided.

Illustrations

x

(3)

Preface

xiii

(4)

Acknowledgments

xvii

(2)

Terms Used

xix

Chapter 1 Linguistics: Some Basic Concepts

1

(22)

1.1. The Structure of Language

1

(4)

1.2. Common Grammatical Categories and Functions

5

(4)

1.3. Reconstructing Linguistic History

9

(14)

Part 1: Geography and History

23

(52)

Chapter 2 The Languages of the Pacific

23

(22)

2.1. How Many Languages?

23

(4)

2.2. Linguistic Demography

27

(13)

2.3. Language Names

40

(1)

2.4. A Brief History of Pacific Language Research

41

(4)

Chapter 3 The History of the Austronesian Languages

45

(15)

3.1. The Austronesian Family

45

(1)

3.2. The Oceanic Languages

46

(5)

3.3. The Settlement of Oceania

51

(7)

3.4. Reconstructing Culture

58

(2)

Chapter 4 The History of the Papuan and Australian Languages

60

(15)

4.1. Interrelationships of Papuan Languages

61

(7)

4.2. Interrelationships of Australian Languages

68

(1)

4.3. Possible External Links

69

(1)

4.4. Implications for Prehistory

69

(6)

Part 2: Structure

75

(130)

Chapter 5 Sound Systems

75

(25)

5.1. Oceanic Languages

75

(12)

5.2. Papuan Languages

87

(4)

5.3. Australian Languages

91

(3)

5.4. Orthographies

94

(5)

5.5. Summary

99

(1)

Chapter 6 Oceanic Languages: Grammatical Overview

100

(66)

6.1. Pronouns

100

(5)

6.2. Nouns and Noun Phrases

105

(17)

6.3. Possessive Constructions

122

(8)

6.4. Verbs and the Verb Complex

130

(18)

6.5. Sentences

148

(17)

6.6. Similarities and Differences

165

(1)

Chapter 7 Papuan Languages: Grammatical Overview

166

(19)

7.1. Pronouns

166

(3)

7.2. Nouns and Noun Phrases

169

(2)

7.3. Possessive Constructions

171

(1)

7.4. Verbs and the Verb Complex

172

(5)

7.5. Sentences

177

(8)

Chapter 8 Australian Languages: Grammatical Overview

185

(20)

8.1. Pronouns

185

(2)

8.2. Nouns and Noun Phrases

187

(7)

8.3. Possessive Constructions

194

(1)

8.4. Verbs and the Verb Complex

195

(3)

8.5. Sentences

198

(7)

Part 3: The Social and Cultural Context

205

(67)

Chapter 9 Languages in Contact

205

(15)

9.1. The Social Context of Language Contact

205

(3)

9.2. The Linguistic Effects of Contact

208

(4)

9.3. Three Case Studies

212

(6)

9.4. Historical Implications

218

(2)

Chapter 10 Pidgins, Creoles, and Koines

220

(17)

10.1. Pidginization, Creolization, and Koineization

220

(1)

10.2. Melanesian Pidgin

221

(11)

10.3. The Pidgins of the Motu Traders

232

(3)

10.4. Fiji Hindi

235

(2)

Chapter 11 Language, Society, and Culture in the Pacific Context

237

(35)

11.1. The Vocabulary of Pacific Languages

237

(7)

11.2. Counting Systems

244

(7)

11.3. Kinship

251

(5)

11.4. Languages in Use

256

(5)

11.5. Language Use in Pacific Nations

261

(7)

11.6. Shift, Survival, Death, Revival

268

(4)

Conclusion Ideas about Pacific Language

272

(7)

Suggestions for Further Reading

279

(6)

Appendices

285

(28)

1. Data Sources

285

(6)

2. Phonetic Symbols

291

(4)

3. Sample Phoneme Systems

295

(4)

4. Glossary of Technical Terms

299

(14)

Notes

313

(8)

References

321

(24)

Index

345

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Summary

Table of Contents

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Pacific Languages

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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