Painting as a Language Material, Technique, Form, Content

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ISBN: 9780155056008 | 015505600X
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 8/30/1999

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Introduction. 1. Getting Started. 2. Materials & Techniques. 3. Color. 4. Objects. 5. Personal Identity. 6. Places. 7. Figures. 8. Expanded Forms & Ideas. 9. Contemporary Abstractions. 10. Narratives.

Preface

vii

Introduction

(1)

The Concept and Approach of the Book

(2)

The Diversity of Painting

(1)

Getting Started

(15)

What Is a Painting?

(6)

What is a Painting Made of? Physical Materials

(1)

What is a Painting Made of? Techniques

(1)

What is a Painting Made of? Form

(1)

What is a Painting Made of? Cognitive Meaning

(1)

Focus on: Paintings of Horses

(2)

Content

(1)

Painting as a Language

(3)

Modes of Pictorial Representation

(1)

Research and Discussion Exercise: What is Realism?

(1)

Focus on: Paintings of Animals

(2)

Keeping a Studio Journal

(1)

Using Writing to Explore Content

(1)

Guidelines for Journal Writing

(1)

Visiting Museums and Libraries

(1)

Using Drawing to Prepare for Painting

(1)

Tips for Using a Sketchbook

(1)

Developing Hand and Eye Skills

(1)

Research in Visual Perception

(1)

A Word about the Creative Process

(1)

Materials and Techniques

(22)

Materials

(11)

The Support

(2)

The Stretcher

(1)

Preparing the Support: Priming

(1)

Solvent, Thinner, Medium

(2)

Recipes for Oil Paint Mediums

(1)

Brushes

(2)

Other Painting Equipment

(1)

Cleaning up

(1)

Safety and Health Precautions

(1)

Painting Techniques

(6)

Preliminary Stages

(1)

Direct and Indirect Painting

(2)

Paint Application Principles and Techniques

(2)

Care of Completed Paintings

(1)

Optional Materials and Techniques

(3)

Water-Miscible Oil Paints

(1)

Acrylic Paints

(1)

Alkyds

(1)

Oil Pastels

(1)

Other Optional Supplies

(1)

Recommended Materials to Get Started

(1)

Color---A Defining Element of Painting

(16)

Introduction to Color

(1)

The Development of New Colors

(1)

Approaches to Color in Painting

(1)

Local Color

(1)

Optical Color

(1)

Arbitrary Color

(1)

Symbolic Color

(1)

Writing and Discussion Exercises: Color Symbolism

(1)

Basic Vocabulary and Properties of Color

(3)

Color and Light

(1)

Hue, Value, and Saturation

(1)

The Color Wheel

(1)

Saturation Scales

(1)

Temperature: Warm and Cool Colors

(1)

Advancing and Retreating Colors

(1)

Color in Context

(1)

Choosing Colors in a Composition

(3)

Color Key

(1)

Color Scheme

(1)

Color Palette

(1)

Analyzing Color Palettes by a Grid System

(1)

Working with Oil Colors

(6)

Properties of Oil Paints

(1)

Focus On: Diebenkorn and Lomahaftewa

(2)

Mixing Oil Colors

(1)

Choosing your Working Palette

(2)

Working Palette Layout

(1)

Studio Exercises: Color Mixing

(2)

The Picture Plane---Practice Subject: Still Lifes and Objects

(24)

Starting with the Whole

(1)

Composition and Picture Plane

(1)

Studio Exercise: Seeing the Whole Composition

(1)

Painting the Largest Shapes First (Positive and Negative Shapes)

(6)

Focus On: Richard Diebenkorn, Ed Baynard, and Hector Hyppolite

(3)

Preliminary Drawing Exercise: Exploring Positive and Negative Shapes

(1)

Studio Exercise: Making a Monotype

(1)

Painting Exercise: Defining Objects as Shapes

(1)

Discussion Exercise: Emphasis on the Picture Plane, Developing Shape Awareness

(1)

Establishing Visual Rhythm

(1)

Articulating the Picture Plane: Balance

(4)

Discussion Exercise: Diagramming Examples of Visual Balance

(1)

Focus on: Catherine Murphy and Philip Guston

(1)

Drawing Exercise: Exploring Asymmetry

(1)

Painting Exercise: Simplified Shapes in Asymmetrical Balance

(1)

The Idea of Content

(6)

History and Meaning of Objects and Still Lifes as Subject Matter

(2)

Focus On: Lisa Milroy, Miriam Schapiro, and Jaune Quick-to-See Smith

(2)

Journal Exercise: Consumer Goods (or Not-So Good?)

(1)

Painting Exercise: Consumer Goods Still Life

(1)

Iconography

(4)

Journal Exercise: A Symbolic Still Life

(1)

Preliminary Drawing Exercise

(1)

Painting Exercise: Personal Symbolism

(1)

Painting Exercise: Luminosity

(1)

Painting Exercise: Expanded Picture Plane

(1)

Group Critique

(1)

Recommended Artists to Explore

(1)

Shape, Plane, Volume, and Brushstroke---Practice Subject: The Self-Image

(21)

Shapes, Planes, and Volumes

(3)

Preliminary Drawing Exercise: Self-Portrait in Planes

(1)

Painting Exercise: Self-Portrait in Planes

(1)

Dynamic Brushstrokes

(4)

Painting Exercise: Practicing Brushstrokes

(1)

Journal Exercise: Strong Emotions

(1)

Painting Exercise: Strong Emotions

(2)

Painting Exercise: Modified Pointillism

(1)

Studying Self-Portraits and the Theme of Personal Identity

(4)

The History of Self-Portraits

(2)

Gesture, Pose, and Facial Expression

(8)

Discussion Exercise: Body Language

(1)

Preliminary Drawing and Painting Exercises: Gesture Drawings and Paintings

(1)

Painting Exercise: Sustained Gestures and Expressions

(1)

Focus On: Frida Kahlo

(1)

Painting Exercise: Imaginary Self-Portraits

(1)

Journal Exercise: The Body

(1)

Drawing Exercise: Body Parts

(1)

Painting Exercise: The Body

(1)

Focus On: Ernest Pepion

(1)

Journal Exercise: Age

(1)

Painting Exercise: Aging Self-Portrait

100

(1)

Recommended Artists to Explore

100

(2)

Space---Practice Subject: Places

102

(31)

Introduction to Place as Subject Matter

102

(3)

Outdoor Scenes: Landscapes

102

(2)

Indoor Scenes: Interiors

104

(1)

The Articulation of Space

105

(5)

Strategies For the Articulation of Space

106

(2)

Focus On: Mark Tansey

108

(1)

Painting Exercise: The View from a Window

108

(2)

The Meaning of Space and Place

110

(5)

Place as Metaphor

110

(1)

Spiritual or Sacred Places

110

(1)

Place as Social Commentary

111

(1)

Unexpected Places

111

(1)

Drawing Exercise: Keeping a Visual Diary

112

(1)

Painting Exercise: Painting the Unexpected

112

(2)

Journal Exercise: A Sense of Place

114

(1)

Painting Outdoors

115

(2)

Drawing Exercise: Sketching Outdoors

116

(1)

Painting Exercise: Painting Outdoors

116

(1)

Public versus Private Space

117

(2)

Journal and Discussion Exercise: Public versus Private Space

117

(1)

Painting Exercises: Interiors

118

(1)

More Strategies for the Articulation of Space

119

(7)

Linear Perspective

119

(2)

Diagonals

121

(1)

Isometric Perspective

121

(1)

Framing

122

(1)

Shifting Perspective

122

(1)

Mapping and Other Ways to Represent Space

123

(1)

Research and Discussion Exercise: Different Spatial Systems

123

(2)

Painting Exercise: Linear Perspective

125

(1)

Sketching Exercise: Imaginary Cityscape

126

(1)

Painting Exercises: The Painter's Studio---Exploring Perspective

126

(1)

Combining the Articulation of Space and the Articulation of the Picture Plane

126

(5)

Focus On: Jennifer Bartlett

127

(1)

Strategies for the Articulation of the Picture Plane

128

(1)

Journal Exercise: Landmarks Remembered

128

(1)

Painting Exercise: An Invented View

128

(1)

Focus on: April Gornik

129

(1)

Painting Exercise: Painting a Nocturne Using Grattage

130

(1)

Painting Exercise: Sand Painting

130

(1)

Recommended Artists to Explore

131

(2)

Form and Light---Practice Subject: The Human Figure

133

(28)

Introduction to the Human Figure as a Subject

133

(2)

Strategies for the Articulation of Figurative Form

135

(7)

Standards for Proportions

135

(1)

Geometric Simplification

136

(1)

Analyzing Anatomical Structure

137

(1)

Focus On: Reginald Gammon and Raymond Saunders

138

(2)

Foreshortening

140

(1)

Painting Exercises: Painting the Structure of the Body

141

(1)

Strategies for the Articulation of Light

142

(6)

Chiaroscuro (Light and Shadow)

143

(1)

Directional Lighting

144

(2)

Luminosity

146

(1)

Illusions of Texture Created through Effects of Light

146

(1)

Journal and Sketchbook Exercise: The Symbolism of Light

146

(1)

Painting Exercises: Painting Figures Defined by Light

147

(1)

Exploration of Figurative Themes

148

(6)

Human Physicality

148

(2)

Deriving Thematic Ideas for (Figurative) Painting from Photographs and Other Media Images

150

(2)

Journal and Sketchbook Exercises

152

(1)

Painting Exercises

152

(2)

Exploring More Techniques

154

(3)

Collage

154

(1)

More Brushstroke Techniques

155

(1)

Wiping-Out Technique

156

(1)

Painting Exercises: Practicing Techniques

156

(1)

More Exploration of Figurative Meaning

157

(3)

Human Relationships

157

(2)

Journal and Sketchbook Exercise: Personal Relationships

159

(1)

Painting Exercise: Family Portrait

159

(1)

Painting Exercise: Reviewing Strategies and Concepts

159

(1)

Recommended Artists to Explore

160

(1)

Expanded Forms and Ideas

161

(20)

Introduction to Expanded Forms and Ideas

161

(2)

Criteria for Judging Paintings

163

(2)

Journal and Discussion Exercise: Criteria for Judging Paintings

164

(1)

Expanded Forms

165

(7)

Breaking the Rectangle

166

(2)

Painting Exercises: Expanded Form Paintings

168

(4)

Expanded Ideas

172

(8)

Topic #1: Challenging Hierarchies

173

(3)

Topic #2: Painting as a Language

176

(1)

Discussion Exercise: Postmodernism and the Moral Code

177

(1)

Expanded Strategies for Image Making

177

(2)

Painting Exercises: Exploring Expanded Ideas

179

(1)

Group Critique: Expanded Ideas

180

(1)

Recommended Artists to Explore

180

(1)

Contemporary Abstraction

181

(26)

Introduction to Abstraction

181

(4)

A Short History of Abstraction in Art

185

(2)

Discussion Exercise: What Makes a Painting Abstract?

187

(1)

Sketchbook Exercises

187

(1)

Contrast

187

(3)

The Articulation of Formal Contrast

187

(1)

Painting Exercise: Establishing Formal Contrasts

188

(1)

Painting Exercise: Abstracting in Stages

189

(1)

Topics of Current Abstraction

190

(15)

Topic #1: Nonobjective Painting

190

(2)

Painting Exercises: Exploring Nonobjective Painting

192

(2)

Journal and Sketchbook Exercise: Researching Approaches to Abstraction

194

(1)

Topic #2: Abstracting Nature

195

(1)

Painting Exercises: Abstracting Nature

196

(1)

Focus on: Terry Winters

197

(1)

Focus on: Djalu Gurruwiwi

198

(1)

Topic #3: Abstracting the Spiritual

199

(1)

Journal Exercise: Taking Measure of Your Spiritual Dimension

199

(2)

Painting Exercise: Spirituality: a Multi-Part Painting

201

(1)

Topic #4: Abstraction as Commentary

201

(2)

Painting Exercises: Abstracted Appropriation

203

(1)

Painting Exercises: Expanded Form Abstraction

203

(2)

Group Critique

205

(1)

Recommended Artists to Explore

205

(2)

Narrative Painting

207

(22)

Introduction to Narrative Painting

207

(2)

Narrative Factors

207

(2)

History of Narrative Painting

209

(1)

Narrative Painting Today: What and Why

210

(5)

Framing History

210

(1)

Capturing the Mood of the Times

211

(1)

Personal Memory

212

(1)

Journal Exercises: Personal Narratives

212

(3)

Narrative Painting Today: How

215

(13)

Narrative Formats

215

(3)

Painting Exercises: Exploring Narrative Formats

218

(2)

Focus On: John Singleton Copley and Dotty Attie

220

(3)

Strategies for Expressing Narratives

223

(2)

Painting Exercises: Painted Stories---Single Scene Narratives

225

(1)

Focus On: Deborah Oropallo and Carole Caroompas

226

(1)

Journal and Discussion Exercise: What is Time?

227

(1)

Painting Exercises: Expanded Form Narrative Paintings

228

(1)

Recommended Artists to Explore

228

(1)

Society and Issues

229

(28)

Introduction to Art about Society and Issues

229

(4)

Journal and Discussion Exercise: Roles of the Artist

231

(1)

Focus On: Sue Coe

232

(1)

Defining Your Issue, Your Audience, Your Goals, Your Effect

233

(2)

Painting Exercise: Framing the News

233

(2)

Topics of Issue-Based Art

235

(20)

Topic #1: Group Identity---When the Personal is Political

235

(1)

Focus On: Ken Chu and Phyllis Bramson

236

(2)

Journal Exercise: Group Identity

238

(1)

Painting Exercise: Group Artwork on Stereotypes

238

(1)

Discussion Exercise: Breaking Stereotypes

239

(2)

Painting Exercise: Breaking Stereotypes

241

(1)

Topic #2: Health

241

(1)

Journal and Sketchbook Exercise: Illness and Death

241

(1)

Focus On: Hollis Sigler

242

(2)

Painting Exercise: Expanded Form Project on a Group Health Issue

244

(1)

Topic #3: Conflict and Violence

245

(1)

Research and Painting Exercise: Root Causes of Conflict

245

(1)

Painting Exercise: Information Sign Painting

245

(1)

Focus On: Janice Hartwell

246

(1)

Focus On: Kerry James Marshall

247

(1)

Focus On: Roger Brown and R. B. Kitaj

248

(2)

Topic #4: Censorship and the First Amendment

250

(1)

Journal Exercise: Taboo Topics (a List to Burn)

250

(1)

Discussion Exercise: Censorship

250

(1)

Painting Exercise: A Humorous Look at a Taboo Topic

251

(1)

Topic #5: Imperiled Ecology and the Future of the Planet

251

(1)

Journal and Sketchbook Exercise: Prophecies for the Year 3000

252

(3)

Painting Exercise: Prophecies for the Year 3000

255

(1)

Summary Critique

255

(1)

Discussion Topic: Standards of Quality

255

(1)

Outside Feedback

256

(1)

Recommended Artists to Explore

256

(1)

Glossary

257

(4)

Credits

261

(4)

Index

265

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Painting as a Language Material, Technique, Form, Content

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Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials