A Paper Landscape The Ordnance Survey in Ninteenth-Century Ireland [Second Edition]

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ISBN: 9781851826643 | 1851826645
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 5/1/2002

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For many years after its foundation in 1791, the Ordnance Survey was mainly concerned with making small-scale military maps of England. The department had no definite plans for Ireland until 1824, when it was directed to map the whole country (as a prelude to a nationwide valuation of land and buildings) as quickly as possible on the large scale of six inches to the mile. After many delays and some mistakes, economy and accuracy were brought to this new task by applying the division of labour in a complex succession of cartographic operations, outdoor and indoor, each of which was as far as possible checked by one or more of the others. A similar system was later adopted by the Survey's British branch. The six-inch maps of Ireland appeared between 1835 and 1846, during which time they evolved from merely skeleton maps (Sir James Carmichael Smyth) into a full face portrait of the land (Thomas Larcom). It was originally intended to accompany them with written topographical descriptions,

List of Plates	p. xix
List of Figures	p. xxi
Abbreviations	p. xxiii
Making a Start
The Ordnance Survey of Great Britain: origins and early history	p. 1
Its progress unaffected by the act of union	p. 3
Irish cartography continues to develop separately	p. 3
Military surveys	p. 3
Civil cartography	p. 4
Topographical mapping	p. 4
The bogs surveys, 1810-13, and their influence	p. 5
Estate maps	p. 8
Ireland's map-making capabilities summarized	p. 11
Demands for a national survey	p. 12
Hydrography and its requirements	p. 12
The problem of the county cess	p. 13
Proposals for a national survey organization	p. 16
An ordnance survey of Ireland foreshadowed	p. 21
The trend of public opinion	p. 21
The Spring Rice committee, 1824	p. 22
Its inquiries	p. 23
Its recommendations	p. 29
Colby receives his orders	p. 31
The boundary department	p. 33
The changed position of the private cartographer	p. 33
The Military System and its Critics, 1824-1833
The organization of the Irish survey	p. 35
Accommodation	p. 35
Staff	p. 36
Instruments	p. 39
The primary triangulation	p. 39
Drummond: experiment and invention	p. 42
Portlock: routine progress	p. 43
The base measurement	p. 44
Colby's compensation apparatus	p. 45
Operations at Lough Foyle	p. 47
Contemporary and near-contemporary comment	p. 50
The minor triangulation	p. 52
The detail survey	p. 54
Colby's instructions summarized	p. 54
And interpreted	p. 57
Delays and impediments: causes and suggested remedies	p. 61
The recruitment of civil assistants	p. 63
The engraving of the six-inch plans	p. 65
Early geological inquiries	p. 67
Mounting criticism	p. 67
The committee on public income and expenditure	p. 67
Reid's insubordination and dismissal	p. 69
Carmichael Smyth: his investigation and its aftermath	p. 69
The committee of 1829: Colby's system partially restored	p. 74
The projection of the first county map	p. 75
State of the survey in 1830	p. 77
The valuation crisis	p. 78
A revision of the northern counties	p. 80
A controversy over town plans	p. 82
The committee of 1833: the survey's cost and duration reassessed	p. 84
The published map of county Londonderry	p. 86
Conclusion: the first nine years in Ireland	p. 87
The Six-Inch Map, 1833-1846
Introduction: the Survey and the public	p. 90
The primary triangulation completed	p. 94
Latitude and longitude	p. 96
Methods of detail survey	p. 98
Additional subject-matter	p. 102
Demesnes	p. 102
Fences	p. 103
Altitude figures	p. 107
Vertical angles	p. 107
Spirit-levelling	p. 108
Datum-planes	p. 111
Hill-sketching	p. 113
Contours	p. 114
Origins of contouring	p. 114
Methods of surveying and drawing	p. 116
Low-water mark	p. 118
Place-names	p. 119
Sources	p. 120
Orthographic standards	p. 121
Larcom's reforms	p. 122
John O'Donovan	p. 123
Survey usage and common usage	p. 125
Descriptions	p. 126
Antiquities	p. 127
The fair plans	p. 129
The work of the Mountjoy office	p. 129
Larcom's account of his department	p. 130
Engraving	p. 134
Mechanical aids	p. 135
The electrotype process	p. 136
Sales and presentations of Ordnance Survey maps	p. 137
Uses of the maps	p. 138
Topography Ancient and Modern
Antecedents	p. 144
The instructions of 1825	p. 145
The early statistical remarks	p. 146
The 'heads of inquiry'	p. 147
The later statistical remarks	p. 149
John Chaytor on Enniskillen	p. 149
The end of the statistical remarks	p. 152
The problem of publication	p. 153
The hill-sketchers' memoirs	p. 153
Other contributors to the memoir scheme	p. 154
The geological survey	p. 154
Meteorological observations	p. 155
The topographical department	p. 156
The Templemore memoir	p. 157
Publication history	p. 158
Analysis of contents	p. 158
The chancellor's reaction and its aftermath	p. 160
Military opposition	p. 163
Field collecting discontinued	p. 165
The end of the topographical department	p. 167
The revival of geology	p. 168
The Londonderry report	p. 169
Portlock's departure	p. 169
A post-mortem on the memoirs	p. 170
Peel's commission	p. 171
Political and intellectual background	p. 172
Recommendations	p. 174
The memoir agitation	p. 175
The treasury minute of 1844	p. 175
The end of Ordnance Survey geology	p. 175
A postscript to the memoir controversy	p. 177
Colby and Larcom, the Final Phase, 1843-1847
The completion of the detail survey	p. 180
Problems and personalities of the 1840s	p. 181
Thomas Larcom, a summing-up	p. 183
The railway map	p. 183
Town plans	p. 185
His conception of the role of Mountjoy	p. 186
Other conceptions of the role of Mountjoy	p. 188
Colby	p. 188
Yolland	p. 189
The military authorities	p. 191
The treasury	p. 192
The work of the Irish survey, 1843-5	p. 192
Contouring and the contour controversy	p. 192
The revision of the northern counties	p. 195
The one-inch map	p. 196
The problem of a headquarter office	p. 198
The treasury minute of 1846	p. 200
Larcom departs, Mountjoy survives	p. 201
A select committee appointed	p. 204
Its recommendations ignored	p. 204
Colby's last years	p. 204
Revision methods	p. 205
The status of townland boundaries	p. 205
Publication and sales	p. 205
The one-inch map	p. 206
The end of the Colby era	p. 207
A Slight Taste of Devolution, 1847-1854
Lewis Hall, an unwelcome successor to Colby	p. 209
The battle of the scales	p. 210
Summary of major policy changes, 1847-54	p. 210
Personalities of the Hall era: Leach, Cameron, Yolland, Tucker	p. 211
Six-inch revision	p. 213
Field work	p. 214
Leach's methods	p. 215
Yolland's views	p. 217
Additions to the maps	p. 218
Fences and boundaries	p. 218
Contours	p. 221
Intervals	p. 222
Datum-planes	p. 222
New government committees	p. 223
Place-names and descriptions	p. 225
Office work	p. 226
Sales and distribution	p. 227
Town plans	p. 228
The one-inch outline map	p. 229
Introduction of the one-inch scale	p. 230
Computations	p. 230
Revision of six-inch detail	p. 233
Drawing and engraving	p. 235
Hill representation and the one-inch scale	p. 238
The select committee of 1853	p. 238
The Mountjoy experiments	p. 241
Hall's superintendency: a summing-up	p. 243
A Stiff dose of Assimilation, 1854-1898
A revolution in government policy	p. 244
The end of the board of ordnance	p. 244
The directorate of Sir Henry James	p. 245
The departure of George Leach	p. 248
The large scales: urban	p. 249
Rise and fall of the 1/500	p. 249
Survey and revision methods	p. 252
Engraving versus zincography	p. 253
Style and contents	p. 254
The large scales: rural	p. 255
Public opinion	p. 256
James's opinion	p. 257
The encumbered-estates court and its successors	p. 259
Replotting the six-inch field books	p. 259
The valuation office and the 1/2500 scale	p. 261
The 1/2500 map of county Dublin	p. 263
Six-inch revision	p. 265
Contouring suspended	p. 266
Card-revision	p. 268
Uses of the six-inch map	p. 269
The valuation office	p. 269
The land commission	p. 270
Map reproduction: copper, zinc, and stone	p. 270
The one-inch map	p. 272
Assimilation to British styles	p. 272
The outline edition	p. 273
The hill edition	p. 276
Sketching	p. 276
Drawing	p. 277
Engraving	p. 278
The quarter-inch map	p. 280
Triotint revived and abandoned	p. 282
The ten-mile map	p. 282
James's contribution	p. 283
Postscript
Mountjoy in decline	p. 286
The land question and the scale question	p. 287
The 1/2500 reintroduced	p. 288
Replotting versus resurvey	p. 289
The format of the 1/2500	p. 289
Supply and demand	p. 290
Later history of the six-inch	p. 291
Small-scale maps and the advent of colour	p. 292
Home rule foreshadowed	p. 294
Home rule achieved	p. 295
The two new survey departments	p. 296
Appendices
The Spring Rice report	p. 301
Colby's Instructions for the interior survey of Ireland, 1825	p. 309
Tide-stations and sea-levels	p. 322
Irish six-inch contour surveys, 1839-57	p. 324
Latitudes and longitudes of county origins	p. 325
A note on the dating of Irish Ordnance Survey maps	p. 327
Select list of maps and plans	p. 333
Published annual reports of the Ordnance Survey	p. 338
Index	p. 339
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

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A Paper Landscape The Ordnance Survey in Ninteenth-Century Ireland [Second Edition]

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A Paper Landscape The Ordnance Survey in Ninteenth-Century Ireland [Second Edition]

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