Particulate Interactions in Dry Powder Formulation for Inhalation

, by Xian Ming Zeng; Gary Peter Martin; Christopher Marriott

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ISBN: 9780203209592 | 0203209591
Cover: Nonspecific Binding
Copyright: 10/26/2000

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Summary

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Drug delivery efficiency is dependent on drug particulate interactions. This book discusses factors affecting particulate interactions and particle-fluid interaction in the respiratory tract.

Interparticulate Forces	p. 1
Introduction	p. 2
Van der Waals forces	p. 5
Electrostatic forces	p. 8
Capillary forces	p. 9
Mechanical interlocking	p. 11
Factors affecting particulate interactions	p. 12
Particle size	p. 12
Particle shape	p. 14
Surface texture	p. 16
Contact area	p. 17
Surface energy	p. 20
Hygroscopicity	p. 22
Relative humidity	p. 23
Electrical properties	p. 24
References	p. 26
Interparticulate Forces in Pharmaceutical Powders	p. 29
Introduction	p. 30
Mechanical properties	p. 31
Electrical properties	p. 35
Water vapour condensation	p. 37
Particle morphology	p. 42
Polymorphism and crystallinity	p. 43
Processing conditions	p. 47
Flow properties	p. 50
Particle size	p. 50
Particle shape	p. 51
Electrostatic forces	p. 51
Powder mixing	p. 52
Agglomeration	p. 54
References	p. 59
Medicinal Aerosols	p. 65
Introduction	p. 66
Aerosol deposition in the respiratory tract	p. 67
Inertial impaction	p. 68
Sedimentation	p. 69
Diffusion	p. 70
Interception	p. 71
Electrostatic precipitation	p. 72
Delivery devices	p. 72
Metered dose inhalers (MDIs)	p. 72
Nebulisers	p. 74
Dry powder inhalers	p. 74
Physiology of the human respiratory tract	p. 80
Breathing patterns	p. 84
Flow rate	p. 84
Tidal volume and breath-holding	p. 85
Physico-chemical properties of drug particles	p. 86
Particle size	p. 86
Particle size distribution	p. 88
Particle density	p. 89
Particle shape	p. 90
Hygroscopic growth of particles in the airways	p. 91
References	p. 95
Particle interactions with Air Streams	p. 103
Introduction	p. 104
Drag forces of air streams	p. 106
Particle entrainment	p. 109
Particle detachment from stationary surfaces	p. 110
Powder fluidisation	p. 111
Particle dispersion	p. 114
Factors affecting entrainment and dispersion of particles in air streams	p. 116
Fluid properties	p. 116
Particle properties	p. 119
Particle-surface interaction	p. 123
Exposure time of particles to the air stream	p. 128
References	p. 129
Particulate Interactions in Dry Powder Aerosols	p. 133
Introduction	p. 134
Generation of aerosol dry powders	p. 136
Micronisation	p. 137
Spray-drying	p. 139
Crystallisation	p. 141
Carrier particles	p. 144
Carrier-free formulations	p. 145
Particulate interactions between the drug and carrier particles	p. 145
Morphology of carrier particles	p. 147
Electrical properties	p. 151
Drug-carrier formulations	p. 155
Other physico-chemical properties	p. 161
Preparative processes	p. 162
Relative humidity	p. 163
Drug properties	p. 165
References	p. 168
Measurement of Cohesion, Adhesion and Dispersion of Powders	p. 175
Introduction	p. 176
Cohesion of powders	p. 177
Angle of repose and the angle of internal friction	p. 177
Shear measurement of powder	p. 179
Microbalance method	p. 180
Adhesive forces	p. 181
Titled plane method	p. 181
The gravity method	p. 183
Centrifuge method	p. 184
Microbalance methods	p. 186
Aerodynamic methods	p. 186
Measurement of powder dispersion	p. 187
Sampling of airborne particles	p. 188
Sample analysis	p. 190
Characterisation of aerodynamic properties of medicinal aerosols	p. 192
Inertial impaction	p. 192
Two-stage liquid impinger	p. 194
Multistage liquid impinger	p. 198
The Andersen Cascade Impactor	p. 201
Other in vitro devices	p. 203
References	p. 204
Physical Characterisation of Pharmaceutical Powders	p. 209
Introduction	p. 210
Molecular properties	p. 211
X-ray powder diffractometry	p. 211
Thermal analysis	p. 213
Vibrational spectroscopy	p. 215
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy	p. 217
Miscellaneous techniques	p. 219
Particulate properties	p. 220
Particle size and size distribution	p. 220
Particle shape	p. 224
Surface smoothness	p. 231
Bulk properties of solids	p. 234
Surface area	p. 234
Flowability	p. 238
Density	p. 240
References	p. 244
Index	p. 251
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Particulate Interactions in Dry Powder Formulation for Inhalation

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

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Rent More, Save More! Use code: BBRENTAL

5% off 1 book, 7% off 2 books, 10% off 3+ books

Particulate Interactions in Dry Powder Formulation for Inhalation

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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