Pastoral Australia

Pastoral Australia tells the story of the expansion of Australia's pastoral industry, how it drove European settlement and involved Aboriginal people in the new settler society. The rural life that once saw Australia 'ride on the sheep's back' is no longer what defines us, yet it is largely our history as a pastoral nation that has endured in heritage places and which is embedded in our self-image as Australians. The challenges of sustaining a pastoral industry in Australia make a compelling story of their own. Developing livestock breeds able to prosper in the Australian environment was an ongoing challenge, as was getting wool and meat to market. Many stock routes, wool stores, abattoirs, wharf facilities, railways, roads, and river and ocean transport systems that were developed to link the pastoral interior with the urban and market infrastructure still survive. Windmills, fences, homesteads, shearing sheds, bores, stock yards, travelling stock routes, bush roads and railheads all changed the look of the country. These features of our landscape form an important part of our heritage. They are symbols of a pastoral Australia, and of the foundations of our national identity, which will endure long into the future.

Foreword	p. vi
Authors' Preface	p. viii
Acknowledgements	p. ix
List of Abbreviations, Acronyms and Contractions	p. x
Note on Measurements	p. x
Introduction	p. 1
Genesis 1788-1830	p. 3
The creation of a wool industry	p. 3
Expansion to the south and west	p. 8
Market forces on the Australian industry	p. 13
Adapting the Merino	p. 14
Summary	p. 18
Boom, Bust and Gold 1830-1860	p. 19
Climbing onto the sheep's back	p. 20
Depression and boiling down	p. 37
Summary	p. 39
After the Gold Rush: An Evolving Industry 1860-1890	p. 40
Changes across Australia	p. 40
Transporation	p. 54
Meat processing	p. 67
The best stock for Australia	p. 70
Summary	p. 74
Consolidation and Expansion 1860-1890	p. 75
Optimistic expansion in New South Wales	p. 75
Victoria: stabilisation after the gold rush	p. 83
South Australia and Tasmania	p. 84
Western Australia: the slow starter	p. 86
Queensland: separation, boom, gloom and consolidation	p. 89
The Northern Territory: the new frontier	p. 103
Summary	p. 111
Depression and Drought 1890-1915	p. 113
Advance and retreat in New South Wales	p. 113
Queensland: depression, drought and recovery	p. 116
The Northern Territory: two decades of stagnation	p. 123
Western Australia: the pace quickens	p. 126
Mixed fortunes: Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania	p. 129
Summary	p. 132
Maturity and the Golden Years 1915-1967	p. 133
A national overview	p. 133
Transportation	p. 137
Twentieth-century consolidation in the south-eastern states	p. 142
Queensland: from drought to the golden years	p. 148
The Northern Territory under the Commonwealth regime	p. 158
The growth of Western Australia	p. 167
Summary	p. 171
Afterglow: Pastoralism into the Twenty-first Century and the Heritage of Earlier Centuries	p. 174
Endnotes	p. 182
Bibliography	p. 190
List of pastoral stations mentioned in the text	p. 198
Index	p. 203
Maps:
Spread of pastoral settlement across south-eastern Australia	p. 24
Ludwig Leichhardt's journey to Port Essington 1844-45	p. 35
Early long-distance stock routes	p. 55
Spread of rabbits	p. 115
North Australia, expansion of pastoral settlement	p. 124
Queensland stock routes	p. 152
Boxes:
The Australian Agricultural Company	p. 15
A Saxony saga	p. 17
The shepherd	p. 30
The Overlanders	p. 33
Water in a dry land	p. 42
From shearing shed to woolshed	p. 48
Shearing and the shearer	p. 52
Droving	p. 58
Wool stores	p. 66
Establishing Bowen Downs station, Queensland	p. 92
The sheepdog and the cattle dog	p. 97
Artesian miracle	p. 101
The Never Ever?	p. 106
Erldunda station, Alice Springs district	p. 108
Whims and windmills	p. 110
Rabbits	p. 114
Wellshot: 'one of Australia's great sheep stations'	p. 118
Waltzing Matilda	p. 120
Bush culture	p. 127
The stockman	p. 128
Woolwashing and woolscouring	p. 130
Haddon Rig	p. 144
Walers	p. 147
Country Women's Association	p. 150
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