Peace, Security, and Conflict Prevention SIPRI-UNESCO Handbook

, by Stockholm International Peace Research Institute; UNESCO; Rotfeld, Adam Daniel; Symonides, Janusz

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ISBN: 9780198294351 | 0198294352
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 7/16/1998

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Peace, Security, and Conflict Prevention: SIPRI-UNESCO Handbook is a comprehensive, concise volume on security and conflict prevention in the post-cold war period 1992-96. It is drawn from the results of SIPRI's research and includes chapters on major armed conflicts; armed conflictprevention, management and resolution; world military expenditure, arms production and the arms trade; nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons; the arms control and agreements currently in force and under negotiation; the United Nations Organization; and special studies of regional and subregionalsecurity in Europe and Asia. A detailed chronology lists the major events of 1992-96 related to peace, security, and conflict prevention. The book also includes a useful glossary of terms and acronyms used in the security literature and gives the membership of international organizations concernedwith security issues.

Preface

Introduction: A cooperative security system and a culture of peace

(215)

Adam Daniel Rotfeld

Janusz Symonides

New threats and challenges

(2)

A cooperative security system and domestic factors

(2)

An international security system and the interdependence of states

(1)

From a culture of violence to a culture of peace

(3)

Conclusions

(4)

Major armed conflicts

(24)

Introduction

(1)

Global patterns in armed conflict in 1992-96

(4)

The civilian toll

(8)

The war in Chechnya

(4)

Conflict in the former Yugoslavia

(8)

War in Croatia

(1)

The conflict spreads: Bosnia and Herzegovina

(1)

The UN Protection Force in the former Yugoslavia

(1)

Macedonia

(1)

Diplomacy after the Vance--Owen Plan

(1)

The emergence of the Dayton Agreement

(2)

The uncertain peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina

(2)

Armed conflict prevention, management and resolution

(27)

Introduction

(2)

Conflict prevention

(2)

Peacekeeping

(1)

Conflict resolution

(1)

Peace-building

(1)

The United Nations

(12)

Regional organizations

(5)

The Organization of African Unity

(1)

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

(1)

The Commonwealth of Independent States

(1)

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization

(1)

The Economic Community of West African States

(1)

Examples of conflict prevention, management and resolution

(8)

Conflict prevention

(1)

Conflict resolution

(1)

Peacekeeping

(2)

Peace enforcement

(2)

Peace-building

(3)

Military expenditure, arms production and the arms trade

(22)

Introduction

(1)

Military expenditure

(7)

Definitions and methods: understanding figures on military spending

(6)

Arms production

(10)

Characteristics of the arms industry

(1)

Recent trends in arms production

(8)

Definitions and methods: understanding figures on arms production

(1)

Arms transfers

(5)

Suppliers

(1)

Recipients

(3)

General observations

(1)

Definitions and methods: understanding figures on the arms trade

(2)

Weapons of mass destruction

(16)

Introduction

(1)

Nuclear weapons

(7)

Declared nuclear weapon states

(1)

Undeclared nuclear weapon states

(4)

The NPT and the NPT Review Conferences

(2)

Chemical weapons

(3)

Possessors of chemical weapons and allegations of CW use

(1)

Chemical weapon destruction

(1)

Old CW munitions

(1)

Biological and toxin weapons

(3)

Possessors of biological and toxin weapons

(1)

Violations of the BTWC

(1)

The BTWC Review Conferences

(2)

The United Nations Special Commission on Iraq

(3)

UNSCOM's tools

(1)

UNSCOM's findings

100

(2)

Arms control

102

(34)

Introduction

102

(1)

Bilateral agreements

102

(5)

START I and START II

102

(2)

The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty

104

(1)

The Cooperative Threat Reduction programme

105

(1)

Other bilateral initiatives

106

(1)

Multilateral forums

107

(4)

The Conference on Disarmament

107

(3)

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

110

(1)

The United Nations

111

(1)

Nuclear weapon-free zones

111

(1)

Ban on anti-personnel land-mines

112

(1)

Multilateral export controls

113

(4)

Summaries of arms control treaties

117

(7)

Protocol for the prohibition of the use in war of asphyxiating, poisonous or other gases, and of bacteriological methods of warfare (Geneva Protocol)

118

(1)

Antarctic Treaty

118

(1)

Treaty banning nuclear weapon tests in the atmosphere, in outer space and under water (Partial Test Ban Treaty, PTBT)

118

(1)

Treaty on principles governing the activities of states in the exploration and use of outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies (Outer Space Treaty)

118

(1)

Treaty for the prohibition of nuclear weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (Treaty of Tlatelolco)

118

(1)

Treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons (Non-Proliferation Treaty, NPT)

119

(1)

Treaty on the prohibition of the emplacement of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction on the seabed and the ocean floor and in the subsoil thereof (Seabed Treaty)

119

(1)

Convention on the prohibition of the development, production and stockpiling of bacteriological (biological) and toxin weapons and on their destruction (Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, BTWC)

119

(1)

Treaty on the limitation of anti-ballistic missile systems (ABM Treaty)

120

(1)

Treaty on the limitation of underground nuclear weapon tests (Threshold Test Ban Treaty, TTBT)

120

(1)

Treaty on underground nuclear explosions for peaceful purposes (Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty, PNET)

120

(1)

Convention on the prohibition of military or any other hostile use of environmental modification techniques (Enmod Convention)

120

(1)

Convention on prohibitions or restrictions on the use of certain conventional weapons which may be deemed to be excessively injurious or to have indiscriminate effects (CCW Convention, or Inhumane Weapons Convention)

121

(1)

South Pacific nuclear free zone treaty (Treaty of Rarotonga)

121

(1)

Treaty on the elimination of intermediate-range and shorter-range missiles (INF Treaty)

121

(1)

Treaty on conventional armed forces in Europe (CFE Treaty)

121

(1)

Treaty on Open Skies

122

(1)

Treaty on the reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms (START I Treaty)

122

(1)

The concluding act of the negotiation on personnel strength of conventional armed forces in Europe (CFE-1A Agreement)

122

(1)

Treaty on further reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms (START II Treaty)

122

(1)

Convention on the prohibition of the development, production, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons and on their destruction (Chemical Weapons Convention, CWC)

122

(1)

Southeast Asis nuclear-weapon-free zone treaty (Treaty of Bangkok)

123

(1)

African nuclear-weapon-free zone treaty (Treaty of Pelindaba)

123

(1)

Agreement on sub-regional arms control (Florence Agreement)

123

(1)

Comprehensive nuclear test-ban treaty (CTBT)

124

(1)

Parties to multilateral arms control agreements

124

(12)

The United Nations

136

(14)

Introduction

136

(1)

The United Nations structure

136

(5)

The General Assembly

136

(1)

The Security Council

137

(3)

The Secretariat

140

(1)

The International Court of Justice

140

(1)

UN criminal tribunals

140

(1)

The evolving United Nations

141

(3)

The shadow of the cold war

141

(1)

The Military Staff Committee

141

(1)

The Uniting for Peace Resolution

141

(1)

The Secretary-General

142

(1)

The Agenda for Peace

142

(2)

The United Nations and disarmament

144

(6)

The Security Council

144

(1)

The General Assembly

145

(2)

UN Special Sessions on Disarmament

147

(1)

The First Committee

148

(1)

The Disarmament Commission

148

(1)

The Conference on Disarmament

148

(1)

The International Atomic Energy Agency

149

(1)

Regional and subregional security: Europe and Asia

150

(30)

Introduction

150

(1)

European security: the intricate web

151

(15)

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization

152

(5)

The North Atlantic Cooperation Council and the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council

157

(1)

The Partnership for Peace programme

158

(1)

The European Union and the Western European Union

159

(1)

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

160

(6)

Asia-Pacific security: the emerging dialogue

166

(14)

South-East Asia

166

(5)

North-East Asia

171

(9)

Chronology of major events related to peace, security and conflict prevention, 1992-96

180

(16)

Glossary

196

(20)

Terms and organizations

196

(11)

Acronyms

207

(3)

Membership of international organizations

210

(6)

Index

216

Panels

Regional distribution of locations with at least one major armed conflict, 1992-96

(1)

Regional distribution, number and types of contested incompatibilities in major armed conflicts, 1992-96

(2)

Locations of at least one major armed conflict, 1992-96

(1)

Conflict locations with at least one major armed conflict in 1996

(19)

Types of diplomatic initiative and instrument

(4)

Multilateral observer and peacekeeping missions, 1994-96

(20)

Select substantial UN-assisted electoral observer missions, 1994-95

(4)

World military expenditure, in constant price figures, 1992-96

(4)

Priorities in resource use

(4)

The 100 largest arms-producing companies in the OECD and developing countries, 1995

(8)

The trade in major conventional weapons, 1992-96

(6)

The nuclear forces of the five declared nuclear weapon states, as of January 1997

(2)

The legality of nuclear weapons

(13)

US and Soviet/Russian strategic nuclear forces: 1990, 1997 and after implementation of the START II Treaty

103

(11)

Membership of multilateral military-related export control regimes, as of 1 January 1997

114

(11)

Status of implementation of the major multilateral arms control and disarmament agreements, as of 1 January 1997

125

(13)

The six principal organs of the UN system

138

(8)

UN member states

146

(6)

The overlapping membership of multilateral security structures in Europe, as of May 1997

152

(2)

Collective defence, collective security and cooperative security

154

(7)

OSCE structures and institutions

161

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Peace, Security, and Conflict Prevention SIPRI-UNESCO Handbook

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials