Phase Transitions in Polymers: The Role of Metastable States

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ISBN: 9780444519115 | 0444519114
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 9/10/2008

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"Phase transitions play a central role in connecting the fields of structural analysis and dynamics in polymer physics. In particular, at a transition point, both the structure and dynamics exhibit abrupt changes. This book attempts to utilize the concepts of metastable states and metastability to link these two research fields and illuminate the physics behind polymeric phase transitions."--BOOK JACKET.

Foreword	p. ix
Preface and Acknowledgments	p. xiii
Introduction	p. 1
Phases in Single-Component Systems	p. 1
Macroscopic description of phases	p. 1
Microscopic description of phases	p. 3
Connection between microscopic descriptions and macroscopic properties	p. 7
Phase Transitions in Single-Component Systems	p. 10
Definitions of phase transitions	p. 10
Phase equilibrium and stability	p. 12
Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Phase Transitions	p. 17
Thermodynamics of Phase Transitions in Single Component Systems	p. 18
An example of liquid-gas transitions: van der Waals gas	p. 18
General descriptions of liquid-gas and crystalline solid-liquid transitions	p. 20
Crystalline solid-solid transitions	p. 24
Transitions involving mesophases	p. 25
Kinetic Aspects of Phase Transitions in Single Component Systems	p. 31
Crystallization	p. 31
Crystal melting kinetics	p. 35
Transition kinetics involving mesophases	p. 37
Phases and Phase Transitions in Multiple Component Systems	p. 39
Gibbs phase rule	p. 39
General thermodynamics of binary mixing	p. 40
Liquid-liquid phase separation in binary mixtures	p. 42
Kinetics of liquid-liquid phase separation in binary mixtures	p. 45
Crystalline solid-liquid transitions in binary mixtures	p. 51
Mesophase-liquid transitions in binary mixtures	p. 52
Concepts of Metastable States	p. 61
Ostwald's Stage Rule and Definition of a Metastable State	p. 61
Examples of Metastable States in Phase Transitions	p. 63
Metastable states in liquid-gas transitions	p. 63
Metastable states in crystalline solid-liquid transitions	p. 65
Appearance of Metastable States Controlled by Competing Kinetics	p. 67
What are the Limitations of the Current Understanding of Metastable States?	p. 71
Concept of Metastability	p. 73
Metastable States in Phase Transitions of Polymers	p. 77
Supercooled Liquids and Crystallization	p. 78
Supercooled liquids	p. 78
Comments on polymer crystallization theories	p. 81
Primary nucleation process in polymer crystallization	p. 91
Structure of the interfacial liquid near the crystal growth front	p. 94
What is the nucleation barrier?	p. 96
Superheated Crystals and Crystal Melting	p. 106
Superheated crystals	p. 106
Irreversible polymer crystal melting	p. 110
Determining crystal metastability	p. 111
Ensuring constant metastability during heating	p. 117
Polymer crystal melting at elevated pressures	p. 120
Polymer crystal melting kinetics	p. 122
Metastable States in Phase-Separated Polymer Blends and Copolymers	p. 124
Metastable states in phase-separated polymer blends	p. 124
Kinetics of liquid-liquid phase-separation in polymer blends	p. 127
Metastable states in phase-separated block copolymers	p. 130
Polymer crystallization in nano-confined environments using diblock copolymers as templates	p. 136
Metastable States Observed Due to Phase Transformation Kinetics in Polymers	p. 157
Appearance of Metastable States Based on Their Crystal Nucleation Barrier	p. 158
Crystal growth rates along different growth planes	p. 158
Initial transient state in polymer crystallization	p. 168
Nucleation and growth rates affected by chain conformation	p. 173
Polymorphs and Competing Formation Kinetics	p. 176
Phase stability changes in polymorphs at atmospheric pressure	p. 176
Phase stability changes in polymorphs at high pressures and temperatures	p. 186
External field-induced polymorphs	p. 193
Monotropic Phase Transitions in Polymers	p. 195
Crystallization kinetics enhanced by a preordered mesophase	p. 195
Change of phase transition sequence due to existence of a preordered state	p. 199
Surface- and Interface-Induced Metastable Phases	p. 20
Surface-induced metastable polymorphs	p. 203
Metastable states introduced by unbalanced surface stresses caused by chain folding	p. 213
Interdependence of Metastable States on Different Length Scales	p. 237
Combining Phase Size Effects with Polymorphs	p. 238
Phase-stability changes in polymorphs based on phase sizes	p. 238
Examples of phase inversion by crossing over the phase-stability boundaries	p. 245
Examples of phase inversion without crossing the phase-stability boundaries	p. 256
Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Coupled with Vitrification	p. 260
Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Coupled with Crystallization	p. 266
Liquid-liquid phase separation intervened by crystallization in solution	p. 266
Sequential liquid-liquid phase separation and crystallization in solution	p. 270
Liquid-liquid phase separation intersected by crystallization in polymer blends	p. 274
Sequential liquid-liquid phase separation and crystallization in polymer blends	p. 281
Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Associated with Gelation and Crystallization	p. 286
Outlook: A Personal View	p. 299
Index	p. 303
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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Phase Transitions in Polymers: The Role of Metastable States

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