Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.
- ISBN: 9780415957564 | 0415957567
- Cover: Hardcover
- Copyright: 9/19/2008
Fred Miller is Professor of Philosophy and the Executive Director of the Social Philosophy and Policy Center at Bowling Green State University, Ohio. Nicholas D. Smith is Professor of Philosophy at Lewis and Clark College. Ryan Nichols is Assistant Professor at California State University, Fullerton.
List of boxes | p. ix |
Preface | p. xi |
Acknowledgments | p. xiii |
What is philosophy? | p. 1 |
Science fiction and philosophy | p. 1 |
Thought experiments | p. 5 |
Areas of philosophy: value theory | p. 7 |
Areas of philosophy: knowledge and reality | p. 9 |
Summary | p. 10 |
Bibliography and recommended reading | p. 10 |
Philosophical method and philosophical disagreement | p. 12 |
Logic and arguments | p. 13 |
Fallacies | p. 16 |
Truth and rationality | p. 18 |
Relativism | p. 22 |
The moral disagreement argument for relativism | p. 24 |
The argument from tolerance for relativism | p. 27 |
Reductio ad absurdum argument against ethical relativism | p. 30 |
Summary | p. 31 |
About the readings | p. 32 |
"Kirinyaga" | p. 33 |
"The Ring of Gyges," from Plato's Republic | p. 47 |
"On Trying Out One's New Sword" | p. 49 |
Bibliography and recommended reading | p. 54 |
Knowledge and skepticism | p. 57 |
The concept of knowledge | p. 58 |
Skepticism | p. 63 |
Dream skepticism | p. 67 |
Evil demon skepticism | p. 69 |
Assessing the skeptical arguments | p. 72 |
Foundationalism | p. 74 |
Closure principles | p. 77 |
Certainty and fallibilism | p. 79 |
Summary | p. 80 |
About the readings | p. 81 |
"We Can Remember It for You Wholesale" | p. 82 |
"The Allegory of the Cave," from Plato's Republic | p. 98 |
Meditations on First Philosophy (I and II) | p. 101 |
"The Simulation Argument and Simulation Hypotheses" | p. 107 |
Bibliography and recommended reading | p. 119 |
Religion and belief in God | p. 123 |
The concept of God | p. 124 |
A design argument for God's existence | p. 126 |
Assessing the design argument for God's existence | p. 129 |
The argument from evil | p. 132 |
Assessing the argument from evil: if God does it, it is good | p. 134 |
Assessing the argument from evil: evil for goodness' sake | p. 137 |
Assessing the argument from evil: evil for freedom's sake | p. 139 |
God's existence vs. knowledge of God's existence | p. 142 |
Summary | p. 145 |
About the readings | p. 146 |
"Hell is the Absence of God" | p. 147 |
"The Classical Ontological Argument for God's Existence," from Saint Anselm's Proslogion | p. 166 |
"Problems with the Design Argument" | p. 168 |
"Suffering, Evidence, and Analogy: Nosseum Arguments vs. Skeptical Gambits" | p. 174 |
Bibliography and recommended reading | p. 188 |
Spacetime and time travel | p. 193 |
Presentism | p. 195 |
From presentism to four-dimensionalism | p. 196 |
The Time Traveler's hypothesis | p. 200 |
The simple logical problem of time travel | p. 202 |
The changing the past objection of time travel | p. 204 |
The causal loop problem of time travel | p. 206 |
Contemporary physics and time travel | p. 209 |
Philosophers on absolute and relative space | p. 212 |
Summary | p. 215 |
About the readings | p. 216 |
"-All You Zombies-" | p. 217 |
"Time Is Beyond the Understanding of Human Minds," from Saint Augustine's Confessions | p. 227 |
"Three Time Travel Problems" | p. 229 |
Bibliography and recommended reading | p. 239 |
Mind | p. 244 |
The mind: what it does | p. 245 |
The mind: what it is-the substance dualist answer | p. 249 |
The conceivability argument for dualism | p. 250 |
Assessing dualism: causal interaction | p. 252 |
The mind: what it is-the physicalist answer | p. 255 |
Type identity theory | p. 257 |
Functionalism | p. 260 |
Artificial intelligence | p. 262 |
Problems with physicalism: the knowledge argument | p. 266 |
Summary | p. 270 |
About the readings | p. 270 |
"Truncat" | p. 271 |
Meditations on First Philosophy (II and VI) and Discourse on Method (V) (excerpt) | p. 284 |
"Minds, Brains, and Programs" | p. 293 |
Bibliography and recommended reading | p. 297 |
Personal identity | p. 301 |
Identity | p. 302 |
The body theory | p. 306 |
The memory theory | p. 310 |
The psychological continuity theory | p. 313 |
The bundle theory | p. 317 |
Summary | p. 319 |
About the readings | p. 320 |
"Learning to Be Me" | p. 321 |
"The Psychological Continuity Theory" | p. 333 |
"Of Personal Identity" | p. 337 |
"Was I Ever a Fetus?" | p. 339 |
Bibliography and recommended reading | p. 349 |
Free will | p. 353 |
Introducing the alternative theories | p. 355 |
Principle of alternative possibilities | p. 358 |
Libertarianism | p. 359 |
Assessing libertarianism | p. 361 |
Determinism | p. 363 |
Assessing determinism | p. 369 |
Compatibilism and senses of "can" | p. 372 |
Hierarchical compatibilism | p. 375 |
Assessing compatibilism | p. 377 |
Summary | p. 379 |
About the readings | p. 380 |
"Norbert and the System" | p. 380 |
"On Behalf of Determinism" | p. 393 |
"Free Will: Alternatives and Sources" | p. 397 |
Bibliography and recommended reading | p. 409 |
Afterword | p. 412 |
Glossary | p. 413 |
Notes | p. 422 |
References | p. 426 |
Credits | p. 430 |
Index | p. 432 |
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