Phonetics The Science of Speech

This comprehensive introductory textbook is designed primarily for students of linguistics who are encountering phonetics for the first time. The book guides the reader through the main sub-areas of phonetic science which constitute the "speech chain", charting the progress of speech from speaker to listener.

Joan Rahilly is Lecturer in English Language and Linguistics in the School of English at the Queen's University Belfast.

Introduction

1

(3)

The anatomy and physiology of speech

4

(14)

Introduction

4

(1)

The vocal tract

5

(1)

The respiratory system

6

(2)

The laryngeal system

8

(3)

The supralaryngeal system

11

(2)

Monitoring speech

13

(5)

Initiation of speech

18

(22)

Introduction

18

(1)

Airstream mechanisms

19

(10)

Phonation

29

(11)

Speech articulation

40

(22)

Introduction

40

(1)

Consonant and vowel

41

(3)

State of the velum

44

(1)

Direction of airflow

45

(1)

Force of articulation

46

(1)

Prolongability

47

(1)

Manner of articulation

48

(5)

Place of articulation

53

(6)

Three-term labels

59

(3)

Segments of speech: obstruent consonants

62

(23)

Introduction

62

(1)

Stop production

62

(12)

Fricatives

74

(6)

Ejectives

80

(1)

Implosives

80

(2)

Clicks

82

(3)

Segments of speech: sonorant cosonants and vowels

85

(18)

Introduction

85

(1)

Nasals

85

(2)

Approximants

87

(4)

Vowels

91

(12)

Suprasegments of speech

103

(20)

Introduction

103

(1)

The importance of prosodic aspects of speech

104

(1)

Stress

105

(2)

Length

107

(2)

Syllable juncture

109

(1)

Pitch

110

(3)

Intonation

113

(3)

Voice quality

116

(3)

Rhythm

119

(4)

Multiple articulations, co-articulation and the parameters of speech

123

(16)

Introduction

123

(1)

Double articulations

123

(2)

Secondary articulations

125

(3)

Co-articulation

128

(5)

Parametric phonetics

133

(6)

Principles and methods of phonetic transcription

139

(15)

Introduction

139

(1)

A note on phonetic ability

139

(1)

The role of auditory transcription in phonetics

140

(1)

Terminology relating to transcription

140

(1)

Phonemic and phonetic transcription

141

(2)

Learning transcriptional skills: the contribution of auditory and articulatory phonetics and phonology

143

(2)

The phoneme and phonemic analysis

145

(2)

Do we store sounds as phonemes or allophones?

147

(1)

What do we need to transcribe?

148

(1)

Materials for learning phonetic transcription

148

(6)

Acoustic characteristics of speech

154

(24)

Introduction

154

(1)

The acoustics of speech transmission

155

(4)

Frequency and pitch

159

(1)

Amplitude, intensity and loudness

160

(1)

Resonance

160

(2)

Basic methods in acoustic analysis

162

(1)

Measuring frequency

162

(2)

Detailed spectrographic properties of speech sounds

164

(6)

Measuring pitch

170

(3)

Acoustic aspects of connected speech

173

(5)

The perception of speech

178

(13)

Introduction

178

(1)

How listeners hear speech

179

(1)

The peripheral auditory system

179

(3)

The internal auditory system

182

(1)

Hearing impairment

183

(3)

Models of speech perception

186

(5)

Perceptual phonetics

191

(10)

Introduction

191

(1)

Methods of psychoacoustic investigation

191

(3)

Experimental procedures in psychoacoustics

194

(2)

Acoustic cues in speech perception

196

(3)

Conclusion

199

(2)

Instrumental phonetics

201

(24)

Introduction

201

(1)

Muscle control for speech

202

(1)

Airflow in speech

203

(1)

Phonation

204

(7)

Velic action

211

(2)

Articulation

213

(3)

Tracking

216

(2)

Imaging

218

(5)

Conclusion

223

(2)

Appendix 1: Phonetics charts

225

(1)

Appendix 2: Languages cited in the text

226

(7)

References

233

(4)

Index

237

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Phonetics The Science of Speech

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials