Phonological Development in Specific Contexts

This is the first book-length study of phonological development and impairment of Chinese-speaking children. It provides the first normative data on this population, which will be of value to speech and language therapists and other professionals. It also advances the notion of 'phonological saliency’ which explains the cross-linguistic similarities and differences in children's phonological development.

Zhu Hua studied telecommunications for her first degree before taking an MA in Linguistics. She is also a qualified translator-interpreter and teacher. Her interests in language and linguistics were initially in the areas of language teaching, translation studies and cross-cultural communication. Since 1996, she has been involved in a number of research projects on language acquisition and disorders. She obtained a PhD from the University of Newcastle upon Tyne where she is currently a Research Fellow in the Department of Speech. She has published extensively on child language (Journal of Child Language, Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders) and cross-cultural pragmatics (Journal of Pragmatics, Multilingua)

Preface

viii

Acknowledgements

xi

Conventions on Transcriptions

xii

Language Universals and Cross-linguistic Studies of Phonological Acquisition

1

(29)

Introduction

1

(5)

Phonological Acquisition in Normally Developing Circumstances

6

(10)

Phonological Development in Atypical Circumstances

16

(11)

Aims and Objectives of the Current Book

27

(3)

Putonghua Phonology

30

(15)

Introduction

30

(1)

Syllable

31

(1)

Consonants

32

(2)

Vowels

34

(2)

Tones

36

(1)

Tone Sandhi

37

(1)

Weak Stress

37

(1)

Rhotacisation

38

(1)

Intonation

39

(1)

Relationship between Tones and Segments

40

(1)

Issues of Controversy

41

(2)

Differences between Putonghua and Guoyu in Taiwan

43

(1)

Differences between Putonghua Phonology and English Phonology

44

(1)

Phonological Acquisition of Normally Developing Children. I: Cross-sectional Study

45

(33)

Introduction

45

(1)

Previous Studies

46

(3)

Method

49

(3)

Data Analysis

52

(2)

Results

54

(11)

Discussion

65

(10)

Summary

75

(3)

Phonological Acquisition of Normally Developing Children. II: Longitudinal Study

78

(28)

Introduction

78

(1)

Previous Studies

78

(4)

Method

82

(1)

Data Analysis

83

(1)

Results

84

(12)

Discussion

96

(9)

Summary

105

(1)

The Phonological Systems of Putonghua-speaking Children with Functional Speech Disorders

106

(24)

Introduction

106

(1)

Method

107

(3)

Results

110

(12)

Discussion

122

(6)

Summary

128

(2)

Development and Change in the Phonology of Putonghua-speaking Children with Functional Speech Disorders

130

(17)

Introduction

130

(1)

Method

131

(2)

Results

133

(9)

Discussion

142

(3)

Summary

145

(2)

The Phonological Systems of a Set of Putonghua-speaking Twins

147

(14)

Introduction

147

(1)

Method

148

(3)

Results

151

(5)

Discussion

156

(3)

Summary

159

(2)

Phonological Development of a Putonghua-speaking Child with Prelingual Hearing Impairment: A Longitudinal Case Study

161

(11)

Introduction

161

(1)

Method

161

(3)

Results

164

(4)

Discussion

168

(3)

Summary

171

(1)

General Discussion and Conclusion

172

(16)

Introduction

172

(1)

Review of the Major Research Findings

172

(13)

Professional Implications

185

(1)

Pointers for Further Research and Conclusion

186

(2)

References

188

(13)

Appendices

201

(15)

1 Items Used in Picture-naming Task

201

(2)

2 Frequency Distribution of Phonological Features in Picture-naming Task

203

(2)

3 Comparison of Putonghua, Cantonese, English and Xhosa Phonology

205

(1)

4 Procedures for Pure Tone Audiometry

206

(2)

5 Oromotor Examination

208

(1)

6 Visual-motor Integration Test

209

(2)

7 Phoneme Grids: Illustration of Inconsistent Productions

211

(2)

8 ZL's First Attempt in Picture-naming Task at the Age of 3;5, 3;9, 4;1 and 4;5

213

(2)

9 Chronology of Error Patterns

215

(1)

Index

216

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Phonological Development in Specific Contexts

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials