Phonological Development in Specific Contexts

This is the first book-length study of phonological development and impairment of Chinese-speaking children. It provides the first normative data on this population, which will be of value to speech and language therapists and other professionals. It also advances the notion of 'phonological saliency’ which explains the cross-linguistic similarities and differences in children's phonological development.

Zhu Hua studied telecommunications for her first degree before taking an MA in Linguistics. She is also a qualified translator-interpreter and teacher. Her interests in language and linguistics were initially in the areas of language teaching, translation studies and cross-cultural communication. Since 1996, she has been involved in a number of research projects on language acquisition and disorders. She obtained a PhD from the University of Newcastle upon Tyne where she is currently a Research Fellow in the Department of Speech. She has published extensively on child language (Journal of Child Language, Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders) and cross-cultural pragmatics (Journal of Pragmatics, Multilingua)

Preface	p. viii
Acknowledgements	p. xi
Conventions on Transcriptions	p. xii
Language Universals and Cross-linguistic Studies of Phonological Acquisition	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Phonological Acquisition in Normally Developing Circumstances	p. 6
Phonological Development in Atypical Circumstances	p. 16
Aims and Objectives of the Current Book	p. 27
Putonghua Phonology	p. 30
Introduction	p. 30
Syllable	p. 31
Consonants	p. 32
Vowels	p. 34
Tones	p. 36
Tone Sandhi	p. 37
Weak Stress	p. 37
Rhotacisation	p. 38
Intonation	p. 39
Relationship between Tones and Segments	p. 40
Issues of Controversy	p. 41
Differences between Putonghua and Guoyu in Taiwan	p. 43
Differences between Putonghua Phonology and English Phonology	p. 44
Phonological Acquisition of Normally Developing Children. I: Cross-sectional Study	p. 45
Introduction	p. 45
Previous Studies	p. 46
Method	p. 49
Data Analysis	p. 52
Results	p. 54
Discussion	p. 65
Summary	p. 75
Phonological Acquisition of Normally Developing Children. II: Longitudinal Study	p. 78
Introduction	p. 78
Previous Studies	p. 78
Method	p. 82
Data Analysis	p. 83
Results	p. 84
Discussion	p. 96
Summary	p. 105
The Phonological Systems of Putonghua-speaking Children with Functional Speech Disorders	p. 106
Introduction	p. 106
Method	p. 107
Results	p. 110
Discussion	p. 122
Summary	p. 128
Development and Change in the Phonology of Putonghua-speaking Children with Functional Speech Disorders	p. 130
Introduction	p. 130
Method	p. 131
Results	p. 133
Discussion	p. 142
Summary	p. 145
The Phonological Systems of a Set of Putonghua-speaking Twins	p. 147
Introduction	p. 147
Method	p. 148
Results	p. 151
Discussion	p. 156
Summary	p. 159
Phonological Development of a Putonghua-speaking Child with Prelingual Hearing Impairment: A Longitudinal Case Study	p. 161
Introduction	p. 161
Method	p. 161
Results	p. 164
Discussion	p. 168
Summary	p. 171
General Discussion and Conclusion	p. 172
Introduction	p. 172
Review of the Major Research Findings	p. 172
Professional Implications	p. 185
Pointers for Further Research and Conclusion	p. 186
References	p. 188
Appendices	p. 201
Items Used in Picture-naming Task	p. 201
Frequency Distribution of Phonological Features in Picture-naming Task	p. 203
Comparison of Putonghua, Cantonese, English and Xhosa Phonology	p. 205
Procedures for Pure Tone Audiometry	p. 206
Oromotor Examination	p. 208
Visual-motor Integration Test	p. 209
Phoneme Grids: Illustration of Inconsistent Productions	p. 211
ZL's First Attempt in Picture-naming Task at the Age of 3;5, 3;9, 4;1 and 4;5	p. 213
Chronology of Error Patterns	p. 215
Index	p. 216
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Phonological Development in Specific Contexts Studies of Chinese-speaking Children

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