The Phonology of Dutch

This second volume in the Phonology of the World's Languages series is the first comprehensive phonological description of Dutch. Booij's analysis engages a number of current issues in phonological theory, and particular attention is paid to the relation between morphology, syntax, and prosodic structure at word- and at sentence-level.

List of Tables

x

Abbreviations and Symbols

xi

1. INTRODUCTION

2. THE SOUNDS OF DUTCH: PHONETIC CHARACTERIZATION AND PHONOLOGICAL REPRESENTATION

4

(18)

2.1. Introduction

4

(1)

2.2. The vowel system

4

(3)

2.2.1. Allophonic variation

6

(1)

2.3. The consonant system

7

(2)

2.4. Phonological features

9

(4)

2.4.1. Laryngeal features

10

(1)

2.4.2. Supralaryngeal features

10

(2)

2.4.3. Underspecification

12

(1)

2.5. The representation of vowels and diphthongs

13

(7)

2.5.1. Vowel length

13

(3)

2.5.2. Vowel height

16

(2)

2.5.3. Diphthongs

18

(1)

2.5.4. The representation of the schwa

19

(1)

2.6. Feature charts for vowels and consonants

20

(2)

3. THE PROSODIC STRUCTURE OF WORDS

22

(31)

3.1. Introduction

22

(1)

3.2. The representation of syllable structure

23

(1)

3.3. The syllable template of Dutch

24

(5)

3.3.1. Appendices

26

(3)

3.4. Syllabification

29

(4)

3.4.1. The domains of syllabification

29

(1)

3.4.2. Maximal Onset and Minimal Rhyme

30

(3)

3.5. Co-occurrence constraints

33

(14)

3.5.1. Rhyme constraints

33

(2)

3.5.2. Onset constraints

35

(5)

3.5.3. Coda constraints

40

(2)

3.5.4. Pansyllabic constraints

42

(1)

3.5.5. Sequential constraints

43

(4)

3.6. The relation between morphological and prosodic structure

47

(6)

4. WORD PHONOLOGY

53

(43)

4.1. Introduction: the organization of the grammar

53

(4)

4.2. Phonological rules

57

(12)

4.2.1. Devoicing and voice assimilation

58

(6)

4.2.2. Nasal assimilation

64

(1)

4.2.3. Hiatus rules

65

(3)

4.2.4. Degemination

68

(1)

4.3. Morpholexical rules

69

(6)

4.3.1. Diminutive allomorphy

69

(4)

4.3.2. -er- allomorphy

73

(2)

4.4. Allomorphy in the non-native lexicon

75

(11)

4.4.1. Affixal allomorphy

77

(1)

4.4.2. Root alternations

78

(2)

4.4.3. Alternations in velar nasal clusters

80

(1)

4.4.4. Vowel lengthening

80

(3)

4.4.5. Other cases of allomorphy

83

(3)

4.5. Allomorphy in the native lexicon

86

(7)

4.5.1. Vowel lengthening

87

(1)

4.5.2. /da/-0 alternations and / /Ø alternations

88

(2)

4.5.3. /d/-deletion and /d/-weakening

90

(2)

4.5.4. Ø–/k/ alternations

92

(1)

4.5.5. Fricative devoicing

92

(1)

4.6. Allophonic rules

93

(3)

5. WORD STRESS

96

(29)

5.1. Introduction

96

(3)

5.2. Main stress patterns

99

(11)

5.2.1. Secondary stress

105

(4)

5.2.2. Cyclicity of stress assignment

109

(1)

5.3. Word stress and native suffixation

110

(5)

5.3.1. Stress-neutral suffixes

111

(2)

5.3.2. Stress-bearing suffixes

113

(1)

5.3.3. Stress-shifting suffixes

114

(1)

5.4. Compound stress

115

(4)

5.5. Stress in prefixed words

119

(4)

5.5.1. Non-native prefixes

119

(1)

5.5.2. Nativized and native prefixes

120

(3)

5.6. Bracketing paradoxes

123

(2)

6. CONNECTED SPEECH I: WORD PHONOLOGY

125

(18)

6.1. Introduction

125

(2)

6.2. Schwa epenthesis

127

(1)

6.3. Schwa deletion

128

(2)

6.4. Vowel reduction

130

(6)

6.5. Vowel shortening

136

(1)

6.6. Intrusive stops

137

(1)

6.7. /i/-deletion

138

(1)

6.8. /n/-deletion

139

(2)

6.9. Conclusions

141

(2)

CONNECTED SPEECH II: SENTENCE PHONOLOGY

143

(22)

7.1. Introduction

143

(2)

7.2. Phonology above the word level

145

(9)

7.2.1. Voice Assimilation

146

(1)

7.2.2. Nasal Assimilation

147

(3)

7.2.3. Hiatus rules

150

(1)

7.2.4. Degemination

151

(1)

7.2.5. Palatalization

151

(1)

7.2.6. /t/-deletion

152

(2)

7.3. Sentence accent

154

(7)

7.4. Rhythmic rules

161

(4)

8. ONNECTED SPEECH III: CLITICIZATION

165

(16)

8.1. Introduction

165

(1)

8.2. Pronominal and adverbial clitics

166

(10)

8.2.1. Prosodic integration

169

(5)

8.2.2. Cliticization and Final Devoicing

174

(2)

8.3. Cliticization of other function words

176

(2)

8.4. Contraction

178

(3)

9. ORTHOGRAPHY

181

(8)

9.1. Introduction

181

(1)

9.2. The correspondence between sounds and letters

181

(4)

9.3. Degrees of abstractness in spelling

185

(2)

9.4. Spelling and higher-order linguistic structure

187

(2)

References

189

(14)

Index

203

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The Phonology of Dutch

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